Birthdays:
1975 ~ Zach Braff (né Zachary Israel Braff), American actor. He was born in South Orange, New Jersey.
1949 ~ Horst Ludwig Störmer, German physicist and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Frankfort, Germany.
1947 ~ John Ratzenberger (né John Dezso Ratzenberger), American actor, best known for his role as Cliff Claven on the television sit-com, Cheers. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
1947 ~ Mike Worboys, English mathematician, and computer scientist. He was born in London, England.
1942 ~ Anita Pallenberg (d. June 13, 2017), Italian actress who inspired the Rolling Stones. She was Keith Richards’ partner with whom she had three children. She was born in Rome, Italy. She died at age 75.
1942 ~ Barry Levinson (né Barry Lee Levinson), American producer and movie director. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
1941 ~ Kennedy Shortridge (né Kennedy Francis Shortridge; d. Nov. 8, 2020), Australian scientific visionary and influenza ecologist. The primary focus of his research was the origin of pandemic influenza viruses from zoonotic reservoirs. He made significant contributions to the community as his work was crucial to the early detection of the H5N1 “bird flu” outbreak in 1997. He was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. He died at age 79.
1937 ~ Merle Haggard (né Merle Ronald Haggard; d. Apr. 6, 2016), American teenage troublemaker who became a music legend. He was born in Oildale, California. He died of pneumonia on his 79th birthday in Palo Cedro, California.
1937 ~ Billy Dee Williams (né William December Williams), African-American actor. He was born in New York, New York.
1931 ~ Douglas Grindstaff (né Douglas Howard Grindstaff; d. July 23, 2018), American audio maestro who engineered Star Trek’s sounds. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 87 in Peoria, Arizona.
1929 ~ André Previn (né Andreas Ludwig Priwin; d. Feb. 28, 2019), German-born musical polymath who spurned Hollywood. He was a composer and conductor. His third wife was actress Mia Farrow. His family left Nazi Germany in 1939 and moved to the United States. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died at age 89 in New York, New York.
1928 ~ James Watson (né James Dewey Watson), American geneticist and recipient, along with Francis Crick, of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in the double helix structure of DNA. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1927 ~ Gerry Mulligan (né Gerald Joseph Mulligan, d. Jan. 20, 1996), American jazz saxophonist and composer. He was born in Queens, New York. He died at age 68 following complications of knee surgery in Darien, Connecticut.
1926 ~ Ian Paisley, Baron Bannside (né Ian Richard Kyle Paisley; d. Sept. 12, 2014), Irish Protestant firebrand who made peace. He was the 2nd First Minister of Northern Ireland. He died at age 88 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
1920 ~ Jack Cover, Jr. (d. Feb. 7, 2009), American pilot and inventor of the Taser stun gun. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 88 in Mission Viejo, California.
1920 ~ Edmond H. Fischer (né Edmund Henri Fischer; d. Aug. 27, 2021), Swiss-American biochemist and recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in Shanghai, China. He died at age 101 in Seattle, Washington.
1911 ~ Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (d. Aug. 6, 1979), German biochemist and recipient of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the regulation of cholesterol. He was born and died in Munich, Germany. He died at age 68 following surgery for an aneurism.
1892 ~ Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. (d. Feb. 1, 1981), American aviation industrialist and founder of the Douglas Aircraft Company. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 88 in Palm Springs, California.
1892 ~ Lowell Thomas (d. Aug. 29, 1981), American travel writer and journalist. He was born in Woodington, Ohio. He died at age 89 in Pawling, New York.
1866 ~ Lincoln Steffens (né Lincoln Joseph Steffens; d. Aug. 9, 1936), American reporter. He is best known for investigating corruption in municipalities and his support for the Soviet Union. He was born in San Francisco, California. He died of a heart attack at age 70 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.
1860 ~ René Jules Lalique (né René Jules Lalique; d. May 1, 1945), French art nouveau jeweler and art deco glass artist. He less than a month after his 85th birthday in Paris, France.
1823 ~ Joseph Medill (d. Mar. 16, 1899), 26th Mayor of Chicago. He was Mayor from 1871 ~ 1873. He was born in St. John, New Brunswick, Canada. He died in San Antonio, Texas less than a month before his 75th birthday.
1632 ~ Maria Leopoldine, Archduchess of Austria (d. Aug. 7, 1649), Holy Roman Empress consort and second wife of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1608 ~ 1657). They married in 1648. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and Claudia de’Medici. She was Roman Catholic. She died in childbirth at age 17.
1483 ~ Raphael (né Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino; d. Apr. 6, 1520), Italian Renaissance artist. His birthday was either March 28 or April 6. If it was April 6, he died on his 37th birthday.
1342 ~ Infanta Maria (d. 1375), member of the Portuguese royal family. She became the Marchioness of Tortosa upon her marriage to Infante Fernando of Aragon, Marquis of Tortosa, in 1354 whom she married at age 12. She was of the Portuguese House Burgundy. She was the daughter of Peter I, King of Portugal and Constanza Manuel. She was Roman Catholic. The exact date of her death is not known, but she is believed to have been about 32 or 33.
Events that Changed the World:
2012 ~ Good Friday was celebrated in the Western Christian countries.
2012 ~ Passover began at sunset.
2009 ~ A 6.3 magnitude earthquake hit near L’Aquila, Italy killing over 300 people.
1994 ~ The Rwandan Genocide began after the plane carrying Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana (1937 ~ 1994) was shot down on the grounds of the presidential residence.
1992 ~ The Bosnian War began. It would not end until December 1995.
1973 ~ The American League of Major League Baseball began using the designated hitter.
1968 ~ Pierre Elliot Trudeau (1919 ~ 2000) won the Liberal Leadership Election and would go on to become Prime Minister of Canada.
1955 ~ Winston Churchill (1874 ~ 1965) resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1947 ~ The first Tony Awards were presented for theatrical achievement. The full name of the award is the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theater. The awards are named after Antoinette Perry (1888 ~ 1946), the co-founder of the American Theatre Wing.
1929 ~ Huey P. Long (1893 ~ 1935), Governor of Louisiana, was impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives on charges ranging from blasphemy to corruption and misuse of state funds.
1917 ~ The United States declared war on Germany, thus entered in World War I.
1909 ~ Robert Peary (1856 ~ 1920) and Matthew Henson (1866 ~1955) claim to have reached the North Pole. Peary’s claim has been disputed, however, due to failings in his navigational ability.
1903 ~ The Kishinev pogroms began, forcing thousands of Jews to flee Russia. Many Jews settled in either Israel or the United States.
1896 ~ The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, 1500 years after the original games were banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
1869 ~ Celluloid was patented.
1862 ~ The Battle of Shiloh began in Tennessee during the American Civil War.
1841 ~ John Tyler (1790 ~ 1862) was officially sworn in as President of the United States, having succeeded to the position following the death of President William Henry Harrison (1773 ~ 1841) two days earlier.
1830 ~ Joseph Smith (1805 ~ 1844) founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons).
1808 ~ John Jacob Astor (1763 ~ 1848) founded the American Fur Company. The company would ultimately make him the first millionaire in the United States.
1782 ~ Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1737 ~ 1809), also known as King Rama I of Siam, established the Chakri dynasty.
1580 ~ One of the largest earthquakes impacting England, Flanders and Northern France occurred.
Goodbyes:
2020 ~ Al Kaline (né Albert William Kaline; b. Dec. 19, 1934), American professional baseball player. He was known as “Mr. Tiger” because he was with the Detroit Tigers for nearly 70 years ~ 22 of which were as a player. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at age 85 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
2019 ~ Ernest Hollings (né Ernest Frederick Hollings; b. Jan. 1, 1922), American politician. He served as a United States Democrat Senator from South Carolina from November 1966 until January 2005. He had previously served as the 106thGovernor of South Carolina from January 1959 until January 1963. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He died at age 97 in Isle of Palms, South Carolina.
2017 ~ Donald Rickles (né Donald Jay Rickles; b. May 8, 1926), American comedian who insulted his way to fame. He was born in New York, New York. He died about a month before his 91st birthday in Los Angeles, California.
2016 ~ Merle Haggard (né Merle Ronald Haggard; b. Apr. 6, 1937), American teenage troublemaker who became a music legend. He was born in Oildale, California. He died of pneumonia on his 79th birthday in Palo Cedro, California.
2015 ~ Bernice Tannenbaum (b. Nov. 6, 1914), President of Hadassah from 1976 to 1980. While she was president, she began the practice of periodically holding the annual conference in Israel. She joined Hadassah in 1944. She was 101 years old at the time of her death.
2014 ~ Massimo Tamburini (b. Nov. 28, 1943), Italian designer who made motorbikes into high art. He died of lung cancer at age 70.
2014 ~ Mickey Rooney (né Ninnian Joseph Yule, Jr.; b. Sept. 23, 1920), American child actor. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 93 in Studio City, California.
2012 ~ Thomas Kinkade (né William Thomas Kinkade, III; b. Jan. 19, 1958), American populist “painter of light.” He is best known for his mass production printed works. He was born in Sacramento, California. He died at age 54 in Monte Sereno, California.
2009 ~ Russell Dunham (b. Feb. 23, 1920), American sergeant during World War II who won the Medal of Honor. He was born in East Carondelet, Illinois. He died at age 89 in Godfrey, Illinois.
2005 ~ Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (né Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; b. May 31, 1923). He reigned as the Prince of Monaco from May 1949 until his death in 2005. He was married to American actress Grace Kelly (1929 ~ 1982). They married in 1956. He was of the House of Grimaldi. He was the son of Count Pierre of Polignac and Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois. He died at age 81.
1998 ~ Tammy Wynette (née Virginia Wynette Pugh, b. May 5, 1942), American country singer. She is best remembered for her song Stand By Your Man. She was born in Tremont, Mississippi. She a month before her 56th birthday in Nashville, Tennessee.
1996 ~ Greer Garson (née Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson; b. Sept. 29, 1904), British actress. She died in Dallas, Texas at age 91.
1992 ~ Isaac Asimov (né Isaak Yudovich Ozimov; b. Jan. 2, 1920), Russian-born American science-fiction writer and biochemistry professor. He taught at Boston University. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but January 2 is generally accepted as his birthdate. He died at age 72 in Manhattan, New York.
1971 ~ Igor Stravinsky (b. June 17, 1882), Russian-born American composer. He is best known for The Firebird and The Rite of Spring. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He died at age 88 in New York, New York.
1970 ~ Samuel “Sam” Sheppard (né Samuel Holmes Sheppard; b. Dec. 29, 1923), American neurosurgeon who, in 1954, was convicted of the brutal murder of his pregnant wife. He was convicted and served nearly 10 years in prison. His case was retried, and he was acquitted in 1964. The television series The Fugitive was loosely based on his story. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died at age 46 of liver failure in Columbus, Ohio.
1961 ~ Jules Bordet (né Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet; b. June 13, 1870), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. He was the recipient of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named after him. He died at age 90 in Brussels, Belgium.
1959 ~ Leo Aryeh Mayer (b. Jan. 12, 1895), Israeli scholar of Islamic art and rector of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He died at age 64.
1935 ~ Edward Arlington Robinson (b. Dec. 22, 1869), American poet from Maine. He was born in Head Tide, Maine. He died of cancer at age 65 in New York, New York.
1918 ~ John Quincy Adams Brackett (b. June 8, 1842), 36th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor for one year from 1890 until 1891. He was born in Bradford, New Hampshire and died in Arlington, Massachusetts. He died at age 75.
1915 ~ Curtis Guild, Jr. (b. Feb. 2, 1860), 43rd Governor of Massachusetts. He was Governor from January 1906 until January 1909. He was born and died in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 55 following a brief illness.
1888 ~ Thomas Green Clemson (b. July 1, 1807), American politician, who left his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College. He had served in the Confederate Army. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 80 in Clemson, South Carolina.
1883 ~ Benjamin Wright Raymond (b. June 15, 1801), Mayor of Chicago. He served first from 1839 to 1840 and served his second term from 1842 until 1843. He was born in Rome, New York. He died at age 81 in Chicago, Illinois.
1860 ~ James Paulding (né James Kirke Paulding; b. Aug. 22, 1778) 11th Secretary of the Navy from July 1838 until March 1841. He served under President Martin Van Buren. He was bornin Pleasant Valley, New York. He died at age 81 in Hyde Park, New York.
1829 ~ Niels Henrick Abel (b. Aug. 5, 1802), Norwegian mathematician. He died of tuberculosis at age 26. The Abel prize in mathematics is named in his honor.
1676 ~ John Winthrop the Younger (b. Feb. 12, 1606), 1st Governor of Connecticut. He was born in Groton, England. He died at age 70 in Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1528 ~ Albrecht Dürer (b. May 21, 1471), German artist, engraver and mathematician. He was born and died in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire. He died at age 56.
1520 ~ Raphael (né Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, d. Apr. 6, 1483), Italian Renaissance artist. His birthday was either March 28 or April 6. If it was April 6, he died on his 37th birthday.
1490 ~ Matthias Corvinus (b. Feb. 23, 1443), Hungarian king. He reigned as King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 until his death 32 years later. He was married three times. His first wife was Elizabeth of Celje (1441 ~ 1455). They were married as young children. She died before the marriage was consummated. His second wife was Princess Catherine of Poděbrady (1449 ~ 1464). She and her baby died in childbirth. His third wife was Princess Beatrice of Naples (1457 ~ 1508). He was her first husband. He was of the House of Hunyadi. He was the son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 47, possibly of poisoning.
1199 ~ Richard I, King of England (b. Sept. 8, 1157). He was known as Richard the Lionheart. He was a central commander during the Third Crusade. He ruled from September 1189 until his death 10 years later. He was married to Princess Berengaria of Navarre (1160s ~ 1230). They married in 1191. He was of the House of Plantagenet-Angevin. He was the son of Henry II, King of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. In late March 1100, he was wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France. A week after his injury he died from an infection after an arrow had been removed from his shoulder. He died at age 41.
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