Birthdays:
1952 ~ Jean-Paul Gaultier, French fashion designer. He was born in France.
1948 ~ Paul Cellucci (né Argeo Paul Cellucci; d. June 8, 2013), 69th Governor of Massachusetts. He was Governor from April 2001 until March 2005. He was born and died in Hudson, Massachusetts. He died of ALS at age 65.
1947 ~ Roger Kornberg (né Roger David Kornberg), American chemist and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
1942 ~ Richard Daley (né Richard Michael Daley), 54th Mayor of Chicago. He served as Mayor from April 1989 until May 2011. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1942 ~ Barbra Streisand (née Barbara Joan Streisand), American singer. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1941 ~ Richard Holbrooke (né Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke; d. Dec. 13, 2010), American diplomat and 22ndAmbassador to the United Nations. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Washington, D.C., at age 69 from complications of a torn aorta.
1940 ~ Sue Grafton (née Sue Taylor Grafton; d. Dec. 28, 2017), American crime writer who went from A to Y. In the early 1980s she began writing about Kinsey Milhone, a private investigator, in the book A is for Alibi. She continued the series through the letter Y before dying of cancer at age 77. She was born in Louisville, Kentucky. She died in Santa Barbara, California.
1936 ~ Jill Ireland (née Jill Dorothy Ireland; d. May 18, 1990), British actress. She was born in London, England. She died of breast cancer 24 days after her 54th birthday in Malibu, California.
1934 ~ Shirley MacLaine (née Shirley MacLean Beaty), American actress. Her brother is actor Warren Beatty. She was born in Richmond, Virginia.
1933 ~ Patricia Bosworth (née Patricia Crum; d. Apr. 2, 2020), American actress, biographer, and memoirist. She was born in Oakland, California. She died in New York, New York 22 days before her 87th birthday of complications of Covid-19.
1930 ~ Richard Donner (né Richard Donald Schwartzberg; d. July 5, 2021), American prolific Hollywood film director who brought Superman to the big screen. He also directed such popular movies as The Omen and Lethal Weapon. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 91 in Los Angeles, California.
1924 ~ Sir Clement Freud (né Clement Raphael Freud; d. Apr. 15, 2009), British bon vivant and broadcaster. He was the grandson of Sigmund Freud and brother of Lucian Freud. He was born in Berlin, Weimar Germany. He died 9 days before his 85th birthday in London, England.
1921 ~ Louis Lenart (né Layos Lenovitz; d. July 20, 2015), Hungarian-born Israeli fighter pilot who saved Tel Aviv during the 1948 war. He died in Israel at age 94.
1919 ~ David Blackwell (né David Harold Blackwell; d. July 8, 2010), American mathematician. He was the first African-American inducted into the National Academy of Science. He was born in Centralia, Illinois. He died in Berkley, California at age 91.
1914 ~ Justin E. Wilson (d. Sept. 5, 2001), American Cajun chef and humorist. He was born in Roseland, Louisiana He died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana at age 87.
1905 ~ Robert Penn Warren (d. Sept. 15, 1989), Southern American novelist, best known for All the King’s Men, which is a fictional account of Louisiana’s Huey P. Long. He was born in Guthrie, Kentucky. He died at age 84 in Stratton, Vermont.
1904 ~ Willem de Kooning (d. Mar. 19, 1997), Dutch artist and painter. He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He died just over a month before his 93rd birthday in East Hampton, New York.
1899 ~ Oscar Zariski (d. July 4, 1986), Russian-born mathematician. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts at age 87.
1897 ~ Manuel Ávila Camacho (d. Oct. 13, 1955), President of Mexico. He served as President from December 1940 until November 1946. He died at age 58.
1880 ~ Gideon Sundbäck (né Otto Fredrik Gideon Sundbäck; d. June 21, 1954), Swedish-American engineer and inventor of the zipper. He died at age 74 in Meadville, Pennsylvania.
1862 ~ A.C. Benson (né Arthur Christopher Benson; d. June 17, 1925), British essayist, poet, and author. He died at age 63 in Cambridge, England.
1856 ~ Philippe Pétain (né Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Pétain; d. July 23, 1951), Prime Minister of France. He was considered a Nazi collaborator. After World War II, he was tried and convicted of treason. He was sentenced to death, which was later commuted to life imprisonment. He died at age 95.
1845 ~ Carl Spitteler (né Carl Friedrich George Spitteler; d. Dec. 29, 1924), Swiss poet and recipient of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 79.
1815 ~ Anthony Trollope (d. Dec. 6, 1882), English novelist. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 67.
1784 ~ Peter Vivian Daniel (d. May 31, 1860), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Martin Van Buren. He replaced Philip Barbour on the Court. He was succeeded by Samuel Miller. He served on the Court from March 1841 until his death in May 19 years later. He was born in Stafford County, Virginia. He died in Richmond, Virginia. He was 76 years old.
1743 ~ Edmund Cartwright (d. Oct. 30, 1823), English clergyman and inventor of the power loom. He died at age 80.
1608 ~ Gaston, Duke of Orléans (d. Feb. 2, 1660), member of the French royal family. He was married twice. His first wife was Marie de Bourbon (1605 ~ 1627). They married in 1626. She died a year later, shortly after giving birth to a daughter. After her death, he married Marguerite of Lorraine (1615 ~ 1672). They had married in secret. When Gaston’s brother, Louis XIII, King of France learned of the marriage, he had the marriage annulled. They remarried in 1643 when the king, on his deathbed, finally approved of the marriage. Gaston was of the House of Bourbon. He was the third son of Henry IV, King of France and Marie de’Medici. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 51.
1581 ~ Vincent de Paul (d. Sept. 27, 1660), French saint who dedicated his life to tending the poor. Numerous Catholic charities still use his name. He died at age 79 in Paris, France.
1533 ~ William I, Prince of Orange (d. July 10, 1584). He was also known as William the Silent. He was instrumental in the creation of the country of the Netherlands. He was married several times. His first wife was Anna van Egmond (1533 ~ 1558). They married in 1551. After her death, he married Anna of Saxony (1544 ~ 1577). They married in 1561 and divorced after 10 years of marriage. His third wife was Charlotte of Bourbon (1540s ~ 1582). They married in 1575. After her death, he married Louise de Coligny (1555 ~ 1620) in 1583. He was of the House of Orange. He was the son of William, Count of Nassau and Juliana of Stolberg-Werningerode. He was assassinated at age 51.
1086 ~ Ramiro II, King of Aragon (d. Aug. 16, 1157). He ruled over Aragon from 1134 until 1157, however, he was king in name only for the last 20 years of his life. He married Agnes of Aquitaine (d. 1159). His reign was tumultuous. In 1137, he ceded the throne to his daughter, Petronilla so he could return to the monastery. He was a monk and was known as Ramiro the Monk. He was of the House of Jiménez. He was the son of Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragon and Felicia of Roucy. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 71.
Events that Changed the World:
2023 ~ Fox New terminated its employment with Tucker Carlson (b. 1969), a conservative political commentator.
2005 ~ Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (1927 ~ 2022) was inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. From hence forth, he was known as Pope Benedict XVI. He resigned in February 2013.
1990 ~ NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope.
1967 ~ Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov (1927 ~ 1967) died in when the parachute on the Soyuz I capsule failed to open upon the entry to Earth. He became the first known human to die during a space mission.
1957 ~ The Suez Canal, which had been closed during the Suez Canal Crisis, was reopened on orders of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF).
1953 ~ Winston Churchill (1874 ~ 1965) was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II (1926 ~ 2022).
1933 ~ Nazi Germany began its persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses.
1923 ~ Sigmund Freud’s paper The Ego and the Id, which outlined his theories of the id, the ego and the super-ego, was published in Vienna.
1916 ~ The Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret organization of Irish nationals, led by Patrick Pearse (1789 ~ 1816), James Connolly (1868 ~ 1916) and Joseph Plunkett (1887 ~ 1916), began a rebellion in Ireland against British rule. This occurred on Easter Monday and became known as the Easter Rising. Following the uprising the 15 of the leaders were executed for their participation in the uprising.
1915 ~ The beginning of the Armenian Genocide by Turkey began with the arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders.
1913 ~ The Woolworth Building opened in New York City. At the time, it was the tallest building in the world and was considered a skyscraper. It stood 792 feet in height.
1885 ~ Annie Oakley (1860 ~ 1926) joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show.
1863 ~ The United States Army issued General Orders No. 100, which outlined a code of conduct for Federal soldiers and officers when dealing with Confederate prisoners and civilians. It was considered many years later in the Geneva Convention.
1800 ~ The American Library of Congress was established when President John Adams (1835 ~ 1826) signed legislation appropriated funds to purchase “such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress.”
1704 ~ The first regular newspaper, the Boston News-Letter, in the United States was published in Boston, Massachusetts.
1558 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 ~ 1587) married François, Dauphon of France (1544 ~ 1560).
1184 BCE ~ The traditional date for the fall of Troy.
Good-Byes:
2017 ~ Nicholas Sand (né Nicholas Francis Hiskey; b. May 10; 1941), American chemist who spread the gospel of LSD. He was a strong advocate for using LSD throughout his life. He was born in New York, New York. He died 16 days before his 76th birthday in Lagunitas, California.
2017 ~ Robert Pirsig (né Robert Maynard Pirsig; b. Sept. 6, 1928), American author who philosophized about the open road. He is best known for his first novel, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He died at age 88 in South Berwick, Maine.
2016 ~ Tommy Kono (né Tamio Kono; b. June 27, 1930), Japanese-American weight lifter who was raised in an internment camp during World War II. He was born in Sacramento, California. He died at age 85 in Honolulu, Hawaii.
2012 ~ George Vujnovich (né George Mane Vujnovich; b. May 31, 1915), American mastermind of a daring World War II rescue. He is known for organizing Operation Halyard, which rescued over 500 downed Allied airmen from Serbia in August 1944. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He died at age 96 in New York, New York.
2010 ~ W. Willard Wirtz (né William Willard Wirtz, Jr.; b. Mar. 14, 1912), 10th United States Secretary of Labor. He served under Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from September 1962 until January 1969. He was born in DeKalb, Illinois. He died at age 98 in Washington, D.C.
2007 ~ Warren Avis (né Warren Edward Avis; b. Aug. 4, 1915), American businessman and founder of Avis Rent-a-Car. He was born in Bay City, Michigan. He died at age 91 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
2006 ~ Moshe Teitelbaum (b. Nov. 1, 1914), Romanian-American rabbi and leader of Satmar Hasidim. He died at age 91 in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York.
2005 ~ Ezer Weizman (b. June 15, 1924), 7th President of Israel. He served in that Office from May 1993 until July 2000. He was born in Tel Aviv before the creation of the State of Israel. He died of respiratory failure at age 80 in Caesarea, Israel.
2004 ~ Estée Lauder (née Josephine Esther Mentzer; b. July 1, 1906), American cosmetics entrepreneur and founder of Estée Lauder Cosmetics Company. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died at age 97.
1997 ~ Pat Paulsen (né Patrick Layton Paulsen; b. July 6, 1927), American comedian and sometimes politician. He was born in South Bend, Washington. He died of cancer at age 69 in Tijuana, Mexico.
1986 ~ Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor (née Bessie Wallis Warfield, b. June 19, 1896), American wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor, formerly Edward VIII, King of England (1894 ~ 1972), who gave up the throne of England to become her third husband. They married in 1937. Upon her marriage, she became known as the Duchess of Windsor. Her first husband, whom she married in 1916, was Earl Winfield Spencer, Jr. (1888 ~ 1950). She was his first wife. They divorced in 1927. Her second husband was Ernest Simpson (1897 ~ 1958). She was his second wife. They divorced in 1937 so she could marry into the British royal family. She was born in Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania. She died at age 89 in Paris, France.
1974 ~ Bud Abbott (né William Alexander Abbott; b. Oct. 2, 1895), American comedian and half of the comedy team Abbot and Costello. He was born in Asbury Park, New Jersey. He died of cancer at age 76 in Woodland Hills, California.
1964 ~ Gerhard Domagk (né Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk; b. Oct. 30, 1895), German bacteriologist and recipient of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in antibiotics. The Nazis forced him to refuse to accept the Nobel Prize. In 1947, he was finally able to accept the medal, however, he due to the lapse in time, he was unable to receive the monetary award. He died of a heart attack at age 68.
1960 ~ Max von Laue (b. Oct. 9, 1879), German physicist and recipient of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. He died at age 80 in West Berlin, West Germany.
1955 ~ Alfred Polgar (b. Oct. 17, 1873), Austrian-born journalist and drama critic. He left Austria in 1938 and moved to Hollywood. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 82 in Zürich, Switzerland.
1947 ~ Willa Cather (née Wilella Sibert Cather; b. Dec. 7, 1873), American novelist. She is best known for her novels of the American frontier, such as O Pioneers! and My Ántonia. She was born in Gore, Virginia. She died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 73 in New York, New York.
1942 ~ Lucy Maud Montgomery (b. Nov. 30, 1874), Canadian author, best known for Anne of Green Gables. She was born in Clifton, Prince Edward, Canada. She died at age 67 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1933 ~ Felix Adler (b. Aug. 13, 1851), German-born American educator and social reformer. He was born in Alzey, Germany. He died at age 81 in New York, New York.
1779 ~ Eleazar Wheelock (b. Apr. 22, 1711), American Congregational minister and educator. He was the founder and first president of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. He was born in Windham, Connecticut Colony, British America. He died 2 days after his 68th birthday in Hanover, New Hampshire.
1731 ~ Daniel Defoe (né Daniel Foe; b. Sept. 13, 1660), English writer, best known for his novel, Robinson Crusoe. He died at about age 71. The exact date of his birth is unknown; but is believed to have been September 13, 1660. He was born and died in London, England.
1656 ~ Thomas Fincke (b. Jan. 6, 1561), Danish mathematician and physicist. He died at age 95.
1580 ~ Philippine Weiser (b. 1527), morganatic wife of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (1529 ~ 1595). She was his first wife. They married in secret 1557. They had several children, but because she was not of royal blood, their children were not entitled to an inheritance. She was of the Noble of Weiser. She was the daughter of Franz Weiser and Anna Adler. The exact date of her birth is not known. She died at about age 52 or 53.
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