Birthdays:
1996 ~ Abigail Breslin (née Abigail Kathleen Breslin), American actress, best known for her role in Little Miss Sunshine. She was born in New York, New York.
1977 ~ Chandra Levy (née Chandra Ann Levy; d. May 1, 2001), American murder victim. The exact date of her death is unknown, but she went missing on May 1, 2001. She disappeared 2 weeks after her 24th birthday. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio and was murdered in Washington, D.C.
1973 ~ Adrien Brody, American actor. He was born in New York, New York.
1968 ~ Anthony Michael Hall (né Michael Anthony Hall), American actor best known for his role in The Breakfast Club. He was born in West Roxbury, Massachusetts.
1961 ~ Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland.
1960 ~ Brad Garrett (né Brad H. Gerstenfeld), American actor and comedian. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
1950 ~ Francis Collins (né Francis Sellers Collins), American physician and geneticist. He was the 16th Director of the National Institutes of Health. He assumed office in August 2009 and served until December 2021. He served under Presidents Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. He held this office during the Covid-19 pandemic. He was born in Staunton, Virginia.
1940 ~ Julie Christie (née Julie Frances Christie), British actress. She was born in British India.
1932 ~ Loretta Lynn (née Loretta Webb; d. Oct. 4, 2022), American country singer and coal miner’s daughter who rose to stardom. She was portrayed by Sissy Spacek in the 1980 movie Coal Miner’s Daughter. She was born in Butcher Hollow, Kentucky. She died at age 90 in Hurricane Mills, Tennessee.
1927 ~ Alan MacDiarmid (né Alan Graham MacDiarmid; d. Feb. 7, 2007), New Zealand chemist and recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 79 in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania.
1921 ~ Thomas Schelling (né Thomas Crombie Schelling; d. Dec. 13, 2016), American economist and recipient of the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was born in Oakland, California. He died at age 95 in Bethesda, Maryland.
1917 ~ Marvin Miller (né Marvin Julian Miller; d. Nov. 27, 2012), American union leader who made baseball players into millionaires. He served as the Executive Director of the Major League Baseball Association. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 95.
1912 ~ Béla Király (d. July 4, 2009), the Hungarian general who lead the 1956 revolt. After World War II, he was sentenced to life in prison under the Soviet-allied regime. He was later released. He was born in Kaposvár, Hungary. He died at age 97 in Budapest, Hungary.
1907 ~ François Duvalier (d. Apr. 21, 1971) Haitian President known as Papa Doc. His rule was dictatorial. He was born and died in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He died of heart disease and diabetes a week after his 64th birthday.
1906 ~ King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. Mar. 25, 1975). He was shot and killed by a nephew. He was born and died in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He died less than a month before his 69th birthday.
1904 ~ Sir John Gielgud (né Arthur John Gielgud; d. May 21, 2000), English actor. He was born in London, England. He died at age 96.
1894 ~ Cristóbal de Losada y Puga (d. Aug. 30, 1961), Peruvian mathematician and mining engineer. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Lima Peru at age 67.
1889 ~ Arnold Toynbee (né Arnold Joseph Toynbee; d. Oct. 22, 1975), British historian. He was born in London, England. He died at age 86 in York, England.
1866 ~ Anne Sullivan (née Johanna Mansfield Sullivan; d. Oct. 20, 1936), American teacher, instructor and companion to Helen Keller. She was born in Agawam, Massachusetts. She died at age 70 in Queens, New York.
1857 ~ Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (née Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; d. Oct. 26, 1944), member of the British royal family. In 1885, she married Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858 ~ 1896). They had four children. She was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until 1918 when the family became known as Windsor. She was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert. She died at age 87.
1801 ~ Henry Gilpin (né Henry Dilworth Gilpin; d. Jan. 29, 1860), 14th United States Attorney General. He served under President Martin Van Buren from January 1840 until March 1841. He was born in Lancaster, England. He died at age 58 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1765 ~ Augusta Wilhelmina (d. Mar. 30, 1796), Duchess consort of Zweibrücken. She was the first wife of Maximilian, Duke of Zweibrücken. They married in 1785 before he became king of Bavaria. They were the parents of Ludwig I, King of Bavaria. She was of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg. She was Lutheran. She died 2 weeks before her 31st birthday.
1738 ~ William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (d. Oct. 30, 1809), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the reign of King George III, from March 1807 until October 1809, and he was the Prime Minister of Great Britain from April 1783 until December 1783. He died at age 71.
1629 ~ Christiaan Huygens (d. July 8, 1695), Dutch mathematician and astronomer. He was born and died in The Hague, Dutch Republic. He died at age 66.
1578 ~ Philip III, King of Spain and Portugal (d. Mar. 31, 1621). He ruled from September 1598 until his death in 1621. He was married to Margaret of Austria. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Philip II, King of Spain and Anna of Austria. He died 2 weeks after his 42nd birthday.
1572 ~ Adam Tanner (d. May 25, 1632), Austrian mathematician and Jesuit theologian. The crater Tannerus on the moon is named in his honor. He died at age 60.
1204 ~ Henry I, King of Castile (d. June 6, 1217), He ruled Castile and Toledo from October 1214 until his death less than 2 years later. He was married to Mafalda of Portugal, but the marriage was annulled on grounds of consanguinity. He was of the Castilian House of Ivrea. He was the son of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and Eleanor of England. He was killed at age 13 when a tile from a roof fell on his head.
1126 ~ Averroes (né Ibn Rušd; d. Dec. 10, 1198), Spanish physician, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. He is sometimes known as the Father of Secular Thought in Western Europe. He died at age 72.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Palm Sunday.
2017 ~ Good Friday.
2014 ~ Passover began at sundown.
2014 ~ During the night, over 270 young, mostly Christian, women students were kidnapped and declared missing after a mass abduction by the Islamic extremist group Boko Haram in Nigeria. Fifty-seven of the girls escaped immediately by jumping from the trucks that were transporting them. As of April 2021, over 100 of the girls remained missing.
2010 ~ Ash from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull disrupted air traffic across Europe. Air travel was interrupted through April 20.
2010 ~ A 6.9 magnitude earthquake hit Yushu, Qinghai, China and killed over 2,700 people.
2003 ~ The Human Genome Project was completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.
1999 ~ A severe hailstorm fell upon Sydney, Australia causing extensive damage along the east coast of New South Wales. Hailstones dropped during the storm averaged 2.8 inches in diameter.
1939 ~ John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first published.
1935 ~ One of the worst dust storms swept over Oklahoma and Texas. This day became known as Black Sunday.
1931 ~ Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886 ~ 1941) was deposed, and the country was proclaimed as the Second Spanish Republic. The Republic was dissolved in 1939 when General Francisco Franco (1892 ~ 1975) established a dictatorship.
1912 ~ The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. The ship sank the in the early hours following morning (April 15) with the loss of over 1,500 lives.
1902 ~ James C. Penney (1875 ~ 1971) opened his first department store, J.C. Penney’s. It was in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
1865 ~ Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865), the 16th President of the United States was shot by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford’s Theater. He died the following day.
1865 ~ In his last official act as President, Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) created the Secret Service.
1828 ~ Noah Webster (1758 ~ 1843) copyrighted the first edition of his dictionary.
1434 ~ The foundation stone of the Cathedral in Nantes, France was laid.
70 ~ The traditional date associated with the Siege of Jerusalem, which began when Titus, son of the Roman Emperor Vespasian, surrounded the city.
Good-byes:
2021 ~ Bernie Madoff (né Bernard Lawrence Madoff; b. Apr. 29, 1938), American businessman and convicted felon who masterminded an elaborate Ponzi scheme that bilked thousands of people out of billions of dollars. In June 2009, he was sentenced to 150 years in prison. He was born in Queens, New York. He died of kidney disease while imprisoned in Butner, North Carolina. He died just 15 days before his 83rd birthday.
2020 ~ Margit Feldman (née Margit Buchhalter; b. June 12, 1929), Hungarian-born public speaker, educator, activist, and Holocaust survivor. She was liberated from Auschwitz in 1945 and letter settled in New Jersey where she educated young people about the horrors of Nazism. She was born in Budapest, Hungary. She died in Somerset, New Jersey at age 90 of complication of Covid-19.
2015 ~ Percy Sledge (né Percy Tyrone Sledge; b. Nov. 25, 1940), African-American balladeer who recorded the defining love song, When a Man Loves a Woman. Although born in Leighton, Alabama, he lived in Baton Rouge, Louisiana for over 40 years. He died of liver cancer in Baton Rouge at age 74.
2013 ~ Charlie A. Wilson, Jr. (b. Jan. 18, 1943), American politician from Ohio. He served in the United States House of Representatives. He was born in Martins Ferry, Ohio. He died of complications of a stroke at age 70 in Boynton Beach, Florida.
2013 ~ Sir Colin Davis (né Colin Rex Davis; b. Sept. 25, 1927), longtime British conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. He was born in Weybridge, England. He died at age 85 in London, England.
2013 ~ Armando Villanueva (b. Nov. 25, 1915), Prime Minister of Peru. He served as Prime Minister from May 1988 until May 1989. He was born and died in Lima, Peru. He died at age 97.
2011 ~ William Lipscomb (né William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.; b. Dec. 9, 1919), American chemist and recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died at age 91 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2010 ~ Alice Miller (née Alicija Englard, b. Jan. 12, 1923), the Polish-born psychologist who explored childhood trauma. She died at age 87.
2008 ~ Werner Groebili (b. Apr. 21, 1915), Swiss skater who was half of the skating team, Frick and Frack. He died 7 days before his 93rd birthday.
2007 ~ Don Ho (né Donald Tai Loy Ho; b. Aug. 13, 1930), Hawaiian singer and musician. He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He died of heart disease at age 76 in Waikiki, Hawaii.
2005 ~ Saunders Mac Lane (b. Aug. 4, 1909), American mathematician. He was the co-founder of category theory. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut. He died at age 95 in San Francisco, California.
2000 ~ Phillip Katz (né Phillip Walter Katz; b. Nov. 3, 1962), American computer programmer. He is best known for co-creating the data-compression software known as the Zip file format. He was born and died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died of alcoholism at age 37.
1999 ~ Anthony Newley (b. Sept. 24, 1931), British singer and actor. He was born in London, England. He died of renal cancer at age 67 in Jensen Beach, Florida.
1995 ~ Burl Ives (né Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives; b. June 14, 1909), American actor, writer and folk singer. He was born in Hunt City, Illinois. He died of cancer at age 85 in Anacortes, Washington.
1986 ~ Simone de Beauvoir (née Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir; b. Jan. 9, 1908), French feminist and lover of Jean Paul Sartre. She is best known for her 1949 treatise The Second Sex. She was born and died in Paris, France. She died of pneumonia at age 78.
1964 ~ Rachel Carson (née Rachel Louise Carson; b. May 27, 1907), American biologist and environmentalist. She is best known for her book, The Silent Spring, which led to the banning of certain pesticides. The Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, which was named in her honor, is located in southern Maine. She was born in Springdale, Pennsylvania. She died of breast cancer at age 56 in Silver Spring, Maryland.
1964 ~ Tatyana Afanasyeva (b. Nov. 19, 1876), Russian-born Dutch mathematician. She died at age 87.
1940 ~ Annie Andrews (née Annie Dale Biddle; b. Dec. 13, 1885), American mathematician. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley. She was born in Hanford, California. She died at age 54 following a long illness.
1935 ~ Emmy Noether (née Amalie Emmy Noether; b. Mar. 23, 1882), German mathematician. She was one of the leading mathematicians of her time. Because she was Jewish, when Hitler came into power, she lost her professorship at the University of Göttingen. She fled to the United States where she took a university position at Bryn Mawr. She developed theories in ring theory. She is best known for her 1921 paper Theory of Ideals in Ring Domains. Her proofs about conservation of energy resolved a quirk in Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Einstein considered Noether to be a creative mathematical genius. She was born in Erlangen, Germany. She died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania of uterine cancer 3 weeks after her 53rd birthday.
1925 ~ John Singer Sargent (b. Jan. 12, 1856), American artist and painter. He is the subject of the book, Strapless, by Deborah Davis. He was born in Florence, Italy. He died of heart disease at age 69 in London, England.
1924 ~ Louis Sullivan (né Louis Henry Sullivan; b. Sept. 3, 1856), American architect. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 67 in Chicago, Illinois.
1917 ~ L.L. Zamenhof (né Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof; b. Dec. 15, 1859), Polish Jewish physician, linguist and creator of Esperanto. He died at age 57.
1820 ~ Levi Lincoln, Sr. (b. May 15, 1749), 4th United States Attorney General. He served under President Thomas Jefferson from March 1801 until March 1805. He also served as Acting Secretary of State under President Jefferson. He subsequently went on to serve as Governor of Massachusetts from December 1808 until May 1809. He was born in Hingham, Massachusetts. He died in Worcester, Massachusetts a month before his 71st birthday.
1759 ~ George Frederic Handel (b. Mar. 5, 1685), German composer. [Note: the date of his birth is sometimes shown as Feb. 23, because of the calendar in use at the time of his birth.] He died at age 74 in London, England.
1732 ~ Marie Émilie Thérèse de Joly (b. Aug. 2, 1670), second wife of Louis, Grand Dauphin of France (1661 ~ 1711). Prior to their 1695 marriage, she had been his mistress. Theirs was a morganatic marriage. She was the daughter of Claude de Joly, Baron de Choin and Anne Clémence Bonne, Dame de Grolée. She died at age 62.
1711 ~ Louis, Grand Dauphin (b. Nov. 1, 1661), heir apparent to the French throne. He was married twice. His first wife was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. They married in 1680. She died 10 years later. His second wife was Marie Émilie de Joly de Choin. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis XIV, King of France and Maria Theresa of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died of smallpox at age 49 before his father, thus was never king. His grandson became Louis XV, King of France.
1685 ~ Thomas Otway (b. Mar. 3, 1652), English playwright. He died at age 33.
1146 ~ Gertrude of Sulzbach (b. 1110), Queen consort of Germany and second wife of Conrad III, King of Germany. She was the daughter of Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach and Adelheid of Wolfratshausen. The exact date of her birth is not known. She is believed to have been about 35 or 36 at the time of her death.
911 ~ Pope Sergius III. He was Pope from January 904 until his death 7 years later. The date of his birth is unknown. He came out of retirement in 904 to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. He served as pole during a period of violence and disorder in Italy. He is said to have ordered the murder of two of his immediate predecessors, Leo V and Christopher. He is also alleged to have fathered a son who later became Pope John XI.
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