Birthdays:
2007 ~ Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat, member of the Danish royal family. She is of the House of Glücksburg. She is the second child and first daughter of Frederik X, King of Denmark and Mary Donaldson.
1996 ~ Tavi Gevinson, American writer, actress and blogger. She was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1958 ~ Andie MacDowell (née Rosalie Anderson MacDowell), American model and actress. She was born in Gaffney, South Carolina.
1949 ~ Patti LuPone (née Patti Ann LuPone), American actress and singer. She was born in Northport, New York.
1942 ~ Anne Gorsuch (née Anne Irene McGill; d. July 18, 2004), 4th Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. She served during the Reagan administration. During her tenure at the EPA, she cut the number of agency employees and hired staff from the industries the agency was supposed to be regulating. She was forced to resign after a scandal over the mismanagement of the Superfund program. She was the mother of Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch. She was born in Casper, Wyoming. She died of cancer at age 62 in Aurora, Colorado.
1941 ~ Pee Wee Ellis (né Alfred James Ellis; d. Sept. 23, 2021), African-American jazzman who helped shape the sound of funk. He was born in Brandenton, Florida. He died at age 80.
1939 ~ Sister Helen Prejean, American Catholic nun and social activist. She is a strong advocate against the death penalty. She was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1936 ~ Stan Brock (né Stanley Edmunde Brock; d. Aug. 29, 2018), British-born cowboy who became a health care-activist. When he was 17 years old, he was badly injured while working as a cowboy in the Amazon basin. The nearest doctor was a 26-day trek away, so he stayed and recovered among the Wapishana Indians. Recognizing the importance of medical care, he founded the charity Remote Area Medical in 1985. He was born in Preston, Lancashire, England. He died at age 82 in Rockford, Tennessee.
1935 ~ Charles Grodin (né Charles Sidney Grodin; d. May 18, 2021), American actor and comedian who specialized in the droll and deadpan. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He died of bone marrow cancer about a month after his 86th birthday in Wilton, Connecticut.
1935 ~ Thomas Kean, Sr. (né Thomas Howard Kean), 48th Governor of New Jersey. He was Governor from January 1982 until January 1990. He was born in New York, New York.
1932 ~ Elaine May (née Elaine Iva Berlin), American actress and comedian. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1930 ~ Don Tyson (né Donald John Tyson, d. Jan. 6, 2011), American chicken farmer who built a food empire. He was the founder of Tyson chicken. He was born in Olathe, Kansas. He died of cancer at age 80 in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
1929 ~ Edgar R. Fiedler (né Edgar Russell Fiedler; d. Mar. 15, 2003), American economist. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died at age 73 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
1926 ~ Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (née Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; d. Sept. 8, 2022). She became queen at age 25 and reigned from February 1952 until her death in September 2022. She was the longest-reigning British monarch in history. Her governments spanned 15 prime ministers from Winston Churchill to Liz Truss, whom she welcomed just 2 days before her death. She was the queen who held a changing nation together. In 1947, she married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921 ~ 2022). She was of the House of Windsor. Although her birthday was in April, she celebrated her official birthday, on June 9 of each year. She was of the House of Windsor. She was the daughter of George VI, King of the United Kingdom and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She was of the Church of England. She died at age 96.
1925 ~ Solomon Perel (d. Feb. 2, 2023), German-born Holocaust survivor who hid among Hitler Youth. He managed to escape persecution by the Nazis by posing as ethnic Germans. After the War, he immigrated to Israel and joined the IDF. He later became an author and motivational speaker. He was born in Peine, Hanover, Prussia, Germany. He died at age 97 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1915 ~ Anthony Quinn (né Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca; d. June 3, 2001), Mexican-American actor. He was born in Chihuahua, Mexico. He died of throat cancer and respiratory failure in Boston, Massachusetts at age 86.
1915 ~ Werner Groebili (b. Apr. 14, 2008), Swiss skater who was half of the skating team, Frick and Frack. He was born in Basel, Switzerland. He died 7 days before his 93rd birthday in Zurich, Switzerland.
1912 ~ Eve Arnold (née Eve Cohen; d. Jan. 4, 2012), American photojournalist. She was the master photographer of telling portraits. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died at age 99 in London, England.
1911 ~ Ivan Combe (né Ivan DeBlois Combe; d. Jan. 11, 2000), American businessman and developer of Clearasil. He was born in Fremont, Iowa. He died at age 88 in Greenwich, Connecticut.
1905 ~ Pat Brown (né Edmund Gerald Brown, Sr.; d. Feb. 16, 1996), 32nd Governor of California. He served as Governor from January 1959 until January 1967. He was born in San Francisco, California. He died at age 90 in Beverly Hills, California.
1889 ~ Paul Karrer (d. June 18, 1971), Swiss organic chemist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on vitamins. He was born in Moscow, Russia. He died at age 82 in Zurich, Switzerland.
1889 ~ Efrem Zimbalist, Sr. (d. Feb. 22, 1985), Russian-American violinist, composer, and conductor. He died in Reno, Nevada at age 95.
1882 ~ Percy Williams Bridgman (d. Aug. 20, 1961), American physicist and recipient of the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and died in Randolph, New Hampshire. He suffered from cancer and died by suicide at age 79.
1838 ~ John Muir (d. Dec. 24, 1914), Scottish-American environmentalist. He was the founder of the Sierra Club. He was born in Dunbar, Scotland. He died of pneumonia at age 76 in Los Angeles, California.
1837 ~ Fredrik Bajer (d. Jan. 22, 1922), Danish politician and recipient of the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 84 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1818 ~ Josh Billings (né Henry Wheeler Shaw; d. Oct. 14, 1885), American humorist and writer. He was born in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. He died at age 67 in Monterey, California.
1816 ~ Charlotte Brontë (d. Mar. 31, 1855), English author. She is best known for her novel Jane Eyre. She died 3 weeks before her 39th birthday.
1811 ~ Alson Sherman (d. Sept. 27, 1903), 8th Mayor of Chicago. He was in office from 1844 to 1945. He was born in Barre, Vermont. He died at age 92 in Waukegan, Illinois.
1810 ~ John Putnam Chapin (d. July 27, 1864), 10th Mayor of Chicago. He was in office from 1846 to 1847. He was born in Bradford, Vermont. He died at age 54 in Chicago, Illinois.
1790 ~ Manuel Blanco Encalada (d. Sept. 5, 1876), 1st President of Chile. He served as President for two months, from July 1826 until September 1826. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died at age 86 in Santiago, Chile.
1782 ~ Friedrich Fröbel (né Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel; d. June 21, 1852), German founder of the Kindergarten system. He died at age 70.
1774 ~ Jean-Baptiste Biot (d. Feb. 3, 1862), French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 87.
1767 ~ Elizabeth of Württemberg (d. Feb. 18, 1790), Archduchess of Austria and first wife of Francis, Archduke of Austria (Feb. 12, 1768 ~ Mar. 2, 1835). They married in 1788, before he became the Holy Roman Emperor, thus she was never the Empress consort. She was of the House of Württemberg. She was the daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt. She was Lutheran, but later converted to Roman Catholicism. She died in childbirth at age 22.
1673 ~ Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick (d. Apr. 10, 1742), Holy Roman Empress consort and wife of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678 ~ 1711). They married in 1699. She was of the House of Hanover. She was the daughter of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg and Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate. She was Roman Catholic. She died 11 days before her 69th birthday.
1652 ~ Michel Rolle (d. Nov. 8, 1719), French mathematician. He died at age 67 in Paris, France.
1642 ~ Simon de la Loubère (d. Mar. 26, 1729), French diplomat and mathematician. He died less than a month before his 87th birthday.
1132 ~ Sancho VI, King of Navarre (d. June 27, 1194). He ruled Navarre from 1150 until his death 44 years later. In 1153 he married Infanta Sancha of Castile (1139 ~ 1179). They were the parents of Sancho VII, King of Navarre. He was of the House of Jiménez. He was the son of García Ramírez and Margaret of L’Aigle. He was Catholic. He died at age 62. He was succeeded by his son, Sancho VII.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Easter Sunday. Bomb blasts exploded in numerous Christian churches during Easter Services in Sri Lanka. A series of bomb blasts also struck in many luxury hotels frequented by foreign tourists. Over 200 people were killed in these terrorist attacks.
1989 ~ In Beijing, China, over 100,000 students gathered in Tiananmen Square to commemorate Hu Yaobang (1915 ~ 1989), who had died a few days earlier. Hu was a Chinese political reform leader. Chinese troops, armed with automatic weapons and tanks, killed numerous of the student protesters.
1977 ~ The musical Annie opened on Broadway.
1965 ~ The 1964/1965 New York World’s Fair opened for its second year.
1962 ~ The World’s Fair opened in Seattle, Washington. It was the first World’s Fair to be held in the United States since World War II.
1952 ~ Secretary’s Day (now known as Administrative Professionals’ Day) was first celebrated.
1934 ~ The infamous “Surgeon’s Photograph” of the Loch Ness Monster, which was taken by gynecologist Robert Wilson (1899 ~ 1969), was first published. It was revealed to be a hoax in 1999.
1898 ~ The Spanish-American War began when the United States Navy began a blockade of Cuban ports. Congress issued a declaration of war on April 25, 1898.
1836 ~ The Texans, under the leadership of Sam Houston (1793 ~ 1863), defeated the Mexicans, under the leadership of General Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794 ~ 1876) in the Battle of San Jacinto.
1789 ~ John Adams (1735 ~ 1826) was sworn in as the first United States Vice President. George Washington (1732 ~ 1799) would be sworn in as the first President nine days later, on April 30, 1789.
1509 ~ Henry VIII, King of England (1491 ~ 1547) ascended to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII (1457 ~ 1509).
1506 ~ The Lisbon Massacre, which had begun 3-days earlier, ended with the murder of over 1,900 individuals who were accused of being Jews. This massacre occurred thirty years before the formal establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal, but only 9 years after the Jews were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism during the reign of King Manuel I. Following the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, many Spanish Jews had fled to Portugal where they thought they would be safe.
753 BCE ~ Traditional date that Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Sharadchandra Shankar Shrikhande (b. Oct. 19, 1917), Indian mathematician. He is best known for his work in combinatorial mathematics. He died at age 102.
2019 ~ Ken Kercheval (b. July 15, 1935), American actor best known for his role as Cliff Barnes on the television drama Dallas. He was born in Wolcottville, Indiana. He died of lung cancer at age 83 in Clinton, Indiana.
2018 ~ Verne Troyer (né Verne Jay Troyer; b. Jan 1, 1969), American actor best known for his role as Mini-Me in the Austin Powers movies. He was born in Sturgis, Michigan. He died in Los Angeles, California at age 49 of a possible suicide.
2016 ~ Prince (né Prince Rogers Nelson, b. June 7, 1958), American singer-songwriter, actor and musical chameleon who defied definition. He was born in Minneapolis, Missouri. He died of an accidental drug overdose at age 57 in Chanhassen, Minnesota.
2015 ~ Mary Doyle Keefe (née Mary Doyle; b. July 3, 1922), American petite model who became “Rosie the Riveter.” She became a dental hygienist. She was born in Bennington, Vermont. She died at age 92 years old in Simsbury, Connecticut.
2013 ~ Shakuntala Devi (b. Nov. 4, 1929), Indian mathematician. She was known as the Human Calculator. She died at age 83.
2012 ~ Charles Colson (né Charles Wendell Colson; b. Oct. 16, 1931), American attorney. He served as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison during the Nixon administration. He is best known as being the “hatchet man” during the Watergate scandal. He was the Nixon henchman who was born again. He pled guilty of obstruction of justice and spent several months in federal prison, where he became an evangelist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80 in Falls Church, Virginia.
2012 ~ Charles Higham (b. Feb. 18, 1931), British celebrity biographer. He was born in London, England. He died at age 81 in Los Angeles, California.
2005 ~ William Kruskal (né William Henry Kruskal; b. Oct. 10, 1919), American mathematician and statistician. He was a professor at the University of Chicago. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Chicago, Illinois at age 85.
2003 ~ Nina Simone (née Eunice Kathleen Waymon; b. Feb. 21, 1933), African-American singer and activist. She was born in Tyron, North Carolina. She died at age 70 in Carry-le-Rouet, France.
1990 ~ Erté (né Romain de Tirtoff, b. Nov. 23, 1892), Russian-born French artist known for his art deco style. He was known by the pseudonym, which is the French pronunciation of his initials, R.T. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. He died at age 97 in Paris, France.
1977 ~ Gummo Marx (né Milton Marx; b. Oct. 23, 1893), fourth of the Marx brothers, and American actor and comedian. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 84 in Palm Springs, California.
1971 ~ François Duvalier (b. Apr. 14, 1907), Haitian President known as Papa Doc. His rule was dictatorial. He was born and died in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He died of heart disease and diabetes a week after his 64th birthday.
1969 ~ Alice Perry (née Alice Jacqueline Perry; b. Oct. 24 1885), Irish engineer and poet. She is the first women in Europe to have earned an engineering degree. She was born in Galway, Ireland. She died at age 83 in Los Angeles, California.
1965 ~ Sir Edward Victor Appleton (b. Sept. 6, 1892), English physicist and recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 72 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1954 ~ Emil Leon Post (b. Feb. 11, 1897), Polish-born American mathematician. He died of a heart attack at age 57 in New York, New York.
1948 ~ Aldo Leopold (b. Jan. 11, 1887), American author, naturalist and environmentalist. He was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics. He was born in Burlington, Iowa. He died of a heart at age 61 in Baraboo, Wisconsin while battling a wildfire.
1946 ~ John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (b. June 5, 1883), English economist. He was born in Cambridge, England. He died of a heart attack at age 62.
1940 ~ Margaret Fountaine (b. May 16, 1862), English lepidopterist and diarist. She travelled throughout the world to study butterflies. She was born in Norfolk, England. She died of a heart attack in Trinidad while collecting butterflies just 25 days before her 78th birthday.
1918 ~ Manfred von Richthofen (b. May 2, 1892), German pilot known as the Red Baron. He was killed at 11 days before his 26th birthday while in an air battle during World War I.
1910 ~ Mark Twain (né Samuel Langhorne Clemens; b. Nov. 30, 1835), American novelist. He was born in Florida, Missouri. He died at age 74 in Redding, Connecticut.
1844 ~ Henry Baldwin (b. Jan. 14, 1780), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Andrew Jackson. He replaced Bushrod Washington on the Court. He served on the Court from January 1830 until his death 14 years later. Prior to joining the High Court, he served as a representative in the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He died at age 64 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1825 ~ Johann Friedrich Pfaff (b. Dec. 22, 1765), German mathematician. He died at age 59.
1718 ~ Philippe de La Hire (b. Mar. 18, 1640), French mathematician and astronomer. The Mons La Hire, a mountain on the moon, is named in his honor. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 78.
1699 ~ Jean Racine (né Jean-Baptiste Racine, b. Dec. 22, 1639), French dramatist. He died at age 59 in Paris, France.
1574 ~ Cosimo I de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. June 12, 1519). He was the first Grand Duke of Tuscany. He reigned as Grand Duke from August 1569 until his death in April 1547. He was married twice. His first wife was Eleanor of Toledo (1522 ~ 1562). They married in 1539. After her death, he married his mistress, Camilla Martelli (1545 ~ 1590). They married in 1570. He was of the House of Medici. He was the son of Giovanni delle Bande Nere and Maria Salviati. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 54 on the anniversary of his daughter, Lucrezia de’Medici’s death.
1561 ~ Lucrezia de’ Medici (b. Feb. 14, 1545), Duchess consort of Ferrara. She was the first wife of Alfonso II d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (1533 ~ 1597). They married in 1558. She was of the House of Medici. She was the daughter of Cosimo I de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleanor of Toledo. She wasa born in Florence, Italy. She died at age 16, probably of tuberculosis in Ferrara, Italy.
1557 ~ Petrus Apianus (b. Apr. 16, 1495), German mathematician. He died a week after his 62nd birthday.
1509 ~ King Henry VII of England (b. Jan. 28, 1457). He reigned from August 1485 until his death 24 years later. He was married to Elizabeth of York (1466 ~ 1503). He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. He was the son of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. He died of tuberculosis at age 52 and was succeeded by his son, Henry VIII, King of England.
1213 ~ Marie of Montpelier (b. 1182), Queen consort of Aragon. In 1204 she married Peter II, King of Aragon (1178 ~ 1213). They were the parents of James I, King of Aragon. Peter was her third husband. In 1192, she married her first husband, Raymond Geoffrey, Viscount of Marseille (d. 1192). She was his second wife. He died shortly after their marriage. In 1997 she married Bernard IV of Comminges. He, however, had at least 2 other wives, and in 1201, she had this marriage annulled. She was of the House of Guilhem. She was the daughter of William VIII, Lord of Montpellier and Eudokia Komnene. She was Roman Catholic. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 30 or 31 at the time of her death.
1142 ~ Peter Abelard (b. 1079), French philosopher and theologian. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to be about 62-63 at the time of his death.
1073 ~ Pope Alexander II (né Anselmo da Baggio). He was Pope from September 1061 until his death nearly 12 years later. He was born in Milan, Holy Roman Empire. The date of his birth is unknown. He died in Rome, Papal State.
234 ~ Emperor Xian of Han (b. Apr. 2, 181), 14th and last emperor of the Han Dynasty. He reigned from September 189 until November 220. The exact date of his birth is not known, but it is believed to have been on April 2, 181. He died 19 days before his 53rd birthday.
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