May 31

Birthdays:

1965~ Brooke Shields (née Brooke Christa Shields), American model and actress.

1961~ Lea Thompson (née Lea Katherine Thompson), American actress. She is best known for her role as Lorraine Baines in the Back to the Future movie trilogy.

1960~ Chris Elliot (né Christopher Nash Elliot), American actor and comedian.

1955~ Lynne Truss, British journalist and author, best known for her grammar book, Eats, Shoots & Leaves.

1948~ Svetlana Alexievich, Ukrainian journalist and author.  She was the recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature.

1945~ Rainer Werner Fassbinder (b. June 10, 1982), German actor and director.  He died of a drug overdose, just 10 days after his 37^th birthday.

1943~ Sharon Gless (née Sharon Marguerite Gless), American actress.

1943~ Joe Namath (né Joseph William Namath), American football player.

1941~ Louis J. Ignarro, American pharmacologist and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

1941~ William Nordhaus (né William Dawbney Nordhaus), American economist and recipient of the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science.

1939~ Terry Waite (né Terence Hardy Waite), English humanitarian.  He was kidnapped and held captive from 1987 to 1991 in Lebanon while trying to secure the release of several hostages.

1938~ Peter Yarrow, American singer-songwriter and a member of the trio, Peter, Paul and Mary.

1934~ Hazel Smith (née Hazel Ruth Boone; d. Mar. 18, 2018), American journalist who named country’s “outlaw music.”  She died at age 83.

1931~ John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.

1930~ Clint Eastwood (né Clinton Eastwood, Jr.), American actor and movie director.

1923~ Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (né Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; d. Apr. 6, 2005), and husband of Grace Kelly.  He died at age 81.

1916~ Bernard Lewis (d. May 19, 2018), English-American historian and scholar who shaped Western views on Islam.  He died 12 days before his 102^nd birthday.

1915~ George Vujnovich (né George Mane Vujnovich; d. Apr. 24, 2012), American mastermind of a daring World War II rescue.  He is known for organizing Operation Halyard, which rescued over 500 downed Allied airmen from Serbia in August 1944.  He died at age 96.

1912~ Chien-Shiung Wu (d. Feb. 16, 1997), Chinese-American physicist and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics.  She made significant advances in nuclear physics.  She also worked on the Manhattan Project.  She died at age 84.

1911~ Maurice Allais (né Maurice Félix Charles Allais; d. Oct. 9, 2010), French economist and recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.  He died at age 99.

1908~ Don Ameche (né Dominic Felix Amici; d. Dec. 6, 1993), American actor.  He died of prostate cancer at age 85.

1898~ Norman Vincent Peale (d. Dec. 24, 1993), American clergyman and author. He is best known for his book, The Power of Positive Thinking.  He died at age 95.

1887~ Saint-John Perse (né Alexis Leger; d. Sept. 20, 1975), French poet and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature.  He died at age 88.

1883~ Lauri Kristian Relander (d. Feb. 9, 1942), 2^nd President of Finland.  He served in Office from March 1925 until March 1931.  He died of heart failure at age 58.

1866~ John Ringling (né John Nicholas Ringling; d. Dec. 2, 1936), American circus owner and brother of Charles Ringling.  He died on what would have been his brother, Charles’ 73^rd birthday.  John died at age 70,

1857~ Pope Pius XI (né Ambrogio Damiano Archille Ratti; d. Feb. 10, 1939).  He was Pope from February 1922 until his death in February 1939.  He was 81 at the time of his death.

1852~ Julius Petri (né Julius Richard Petri; d. Dec. 20, 1921), German microbiologist and inventor of the Petri dish.  He died at age 69.

1827~ Kusumoto Ine (d. Aug. 27, 1903), Japanese doctor.  She was the first Japanese female doctor of Western Medicine.  She was the daughter of a Japanese courtesan and a German physician.  She died at age 76.

1819~ Walt Whitman (né Walter Whitman, d. Mar. 26, 1892), American poet.  He died at age 72.

1818~ John Albion Andrew (d. Oct. 30, 1867), 25^th Governor of Massachusetts.  He served as Governor from January 1861 until January 1866.  He died of apoplexy at age 49.

1816~ Dimitrie Ghica (d. Feb. 15, 1897), Prime Minister of Romania from 1868 to 1870.  He died at age 80.

1683~ Jean-Pierre Christin (d. Jan. 19, 1755), French mathematician and physicist.  He died at 71.

1597~ Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac (d. Feb. 18, 1654), French writer.  He died at age 59.

1557~ Feodor I of Russia (d. Jan. 16, 1598).  He was the Tsar of All Rus’ from March 1584 until his death in January 1598.  He is believed to have been about 40 years old at the time of his death as the exact date of his birth is unknown, although it is often considered to have been May 31, 1557.

Events that Changed the World:

2013~ A powerful EF5 tornado, with a diameter of 2.6 miles, swept through El Reno, Oklahoma, killing 9 people and destroying the town.  This is the widest recorded tornado in history.

2005~ Former FBI Agent W. Mark Felt (1913 ~ 2008) came forward identifying himself as Deep Throat, the informant in the Watergate scandal.

1977~ The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System was completed.

1971~ In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which Congress passed in 1968, Memorial Day was observed for the first time on the last Monday of May instead of the traditional May 30^th observation.

1970~ A massive earthquake, followed by a landslide buried the town of Yungay, Peru, killing nearly 70,000 people.

1961~ The Union of South Africa, which had been created on this date in 1910, became known as the Republic of South Africa.

1947~ Communists seized power in Hungary.

1927~ The Ford Motor Company ceased manufacturing its Model T.  During the course of its production, over 15,007,000 cars had been made.

1889~ A dam broke in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing over 2,200 people.

1859~ The clock in the clock tower that houses Big Ben at the Houses of Parliament in London, began keeping time.

1790~ The United States Copyright Act of 1790 was enacted by the United States Congress.

1678~ According to legend, this is the date Lady Godiva rode naked through the streets of Coventry in order to gain remission on the oppressive taxes imposed by her husband.

1669~ Samuel Pepys (1633 ~ 1703) made his last diary entry.  His diary provided valuable insight into everyday life during the English Restoration period.

1578~ King Henry III (1551 ~ 1589) of France laid the first stone of the Pont Neuf, the oldest bridge in Paris.

Good-Byes:

2018~ Ella Brennan (b. Nov. 27, 1925), American restaurateur who became a New Orleans icon.  She was a part of the Brennan family that specialized in haute Louisiana creole cuisine in New Orleans.  She died at age 92.

2017~ Fred Kummerow (né Friedrich August Kummerow; b. Oct. 4, 1914), German-born American biochemist who got trans fats out of American diets.  He died at age 102.

2013~ Jean Stapleton (née Jeanne Murray; b. Jan. 19, 1923), American theater actress best known for her portrayal of Edith Bunker on All in the Family.  She was 90 years old.

2010~ Louise Bourgeois (née Louise Joséphine Bourgeois; b. Dec. 25, 1911), French artist, sculptor and painter.  She died at age 98.

2009~ Elizabeth Gladys Millvina Dean (b. Feb. 2, 1912), English secretary who was the last survivor of the sinking of the HMS Titanic.  She was 2 months old when she, along with her parents and sibling, set sail on the Titanic.  She died at age 97.

2006~ Raymond Davis, Jr. (b. Oct. 14, 1914), American physicist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He was 91 years old.

2001~ Arlene Francis (née Arline Francis Kazanjian; b. Oct. 20, 1907), American actress, game show panelist and television personality.  She was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  She died at age 93.

2000~ Petar Mladenov (b. Aug. 22, 1936), He was the last Communist leader of Bulgaria, from 1989 until 1990.  He then briefly served as the 1^st President of Bulgaria from April 1990 until July 1990.  He died at age 63.

2000~ Tito Puente (né Ernesto Antonio Puente; b. Apr. 20, 1923), American jazz musician. He died of a massive heart attack at age 77.

1996~ Timothy Leary (né Timothy Francis Leary; b. Oct. 22, 1920), American psychologist and proponent of the use of psychedelic drugs, such as LSD.  He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.  He died of prostate cancer at age 75.

1986~ James Rainwater (né Leo James Rainwater; b. Dec. 9, 1917), American physicist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died of a heart attack at age 68.

1983~ Jack Dempsey (né William Harrison Dempsey; b. June 24, 1895), American boxer.  He died 24 days before his 88^th birthday.

1976~ Jacques Monod (né Jacques Lucien Monod; b. Feb. 9, 1910), French biologist and recipient of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.  He died of leukemia at age 66.

1910~ Elizabeth Blackwell (b. Feb. 3, 1821), British-born physician and first woman to received a medical degree in the United States.  She died at age 89.

1860~ Peter Vivian Daniel (b. Apr. 24, 1784), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was nominated to the High Court by President Martin Van Buren.  He replaced Philip Barbour on the Court.  He served on the Court from March 1841 until his death in May 19 years later.  He was 76 years old.

1832~ Évariste Galois (b. Oct. 25, 1811), French mathematician.  He died at age 20 from wounds suffered in a duel.

1831~ Eugène Cosserat (b. Mar. 4, 1866), French mathematician and astronomer.  He died at age 65.

1809~ Joseph Haydn (b. Mar. 31, 1732), Austrian composer.  He died at age 77.

1594~ Tintoretto (né Jacopo Comin; b. Sept. 29, 1518), Venetian Renaissance painter and artist.  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but it is generally ascribed to late September or early October.  He died at about age 75

1495~ Cecily Neville, Duchess of York (b. May 3, 1415), wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3^rd Duke of York and mother of King Edward IV and King Richard III of England.  She was also the mother of Margaret of York who was born on her 31^st birthday.  She died 28 days after her 80^th birthday.

1162~ Géza II of Hungary (b. 1130).  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 31 or 32 at the time of his death.

May 30

Birthdays:

1974~ CeeLo Green (né Thomas DeCarlo Callaway), African-American singer-songwriter.

1958~ Ted McGinley (né Theodore Martin McGinley), American actor best known for his role as Jefferson D’Arcy on Married with Children.

1955~ Jonathan Idema (né Jonathan Keith Idema; d. Jan. 21, 2012), American con man who ran a torture chamber.  He was a former United States army special reserve operations non-commissioned officer.  He was convicted of running a private prison in Afghanistan and tortured civilians he claimed to be terrorists.  He died of AIDS at age 55.

1951~ Stephen Tobolowsky (né Stephen Harold Tobolowsky), American actor and director.

1945~ Gladys Horton (née Gladys Catherine Horton; d. Jan. 26, 2011), African-American singer who was the Motown star who made the song Please, Mr. Postman famous.  She died at age 65.

1943~ James Chaney (né James Earle Chaney; d. June 21, 1964), African-American civil rights activist who was murdered during Freedom Summer.  He was from Meridian, Mississippi.  He was killed 22 days after his 21^st birthday.

1927~ Joan Birman (née Joan Sylvia Lyttle), American mathematician known for her work in braid theory and knot theory.

1926~ Christine Jorgensen (né George William Jorgensen, Jr.; d. May 3, 1989), American transgender woman.  She is the first American to have sex reassignment surgery.  She died of cancer 3 weeks before her 63^rd birthday.

1922~ Gil Chancy (né Gilbert Thomas Clancy, d. Mar. 31, 2011), American Hall of Fame Boxer and trainer and boxing commentator.  He died at age 88.

1915~ Maxine Powell (née Maxine Blair; d. Oct. 14, 2013), African-American mentor who gave polish to Motown’s stars.  She was an etiquette instructor and talent agent.  She died at age 98.

1912~ Julius Axelrod (b. Dec. 29, 2004), American biochemist and recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 92.

1910~Harry Bernstein (né Harry Louis Bernstein; d. June 3, 2011), British-born journalist and author.  He is best known for his book, The Invisible Wall, which described his life as a Jewish young child in a small town in England.  This book was published when he was 96 years old.  He died just 4 days after his 101^st birthday in New York City.

1909~ Benny Goodman (né Benjamin David Goodman; d. June 13, 1986), American clarinetist and bandleader.  He died of a heart attack 14 days after his 77^th birthday.

1908~ Mel Blanc (né Melvin Jerome Blank; d. July 10, 1989), American voice actor known for creating the voices of many cartoon characters, including Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig and Sylvester the cat.  He died of heart disease and emphysema at age 81.

1908~ Hannes Alfvén (d. Apr. 2, 1995), Swedish physicist and recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 86.

1903~ Countee Cullen (né Countee LeRoy Porter; d. Jan. 9, 1946), African-American poet and author.  He was a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance.  He died at age 42.

1899~ Cornelia Otis Skinner (d. July 9, 1979), American writer and actress.  She died in Fall River, Massachusetts at age 80.

1869~ Grace Andrews (d. July 27, 1951), American mathematician.  She was one of only 2 women listed in the first edition of American Men of Science in 1906.  She died at age 82.

1846~ Peter Carl Fabergé (d. Sept. 24, 1920), Russian goldsmith and jeweler.  He died at age 74.

1814~ Eugène Charles Catalan (d. Feb. 14, 1894), Belgian mathematician.  He died at age 79.

1757~ Henry Addington, 1^st Viscount Sidmouth (d. Feb. 15, 1844), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He was in Office from March 1801 until May 1804 during the reign of King George III.  He died at age 86.

1423~ Georg von Peuerbach (b. Apr. 8, 1461), German-Austrian mathematician and astronomer.  He died at age 37.

1010~ Emperor Renzong of Song (d. Apr. 30, 1063), 4^th Chinese emperor of the Song Dynasty.  He died a month before his 53^rd birthday.

Events that Changed the World:

2012~ Former Liberian president Charles Taylor (b. 1948) was sentenced to 50 years in prison for his role in crimes against humanity committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.

2011~ Memorial Day was celebrated in the United States.

2005~ American student from Alabama, Natalee Holloway (b. 1986), disappeared while on a high school trip to Aurba.  She was believed to have been murdered.  In January 2012, an Alabama judge declared her legally dead.

1998~ A 6.6 magnitude earthquake struck northern Afghanistan, killing at up to 5,000 people.

1972~ Members of the Japanese Red Army carried out a massacre at the Lod Airport in Tel Aviv, Israel.  Twenty-four people were killed and over 70 others were injured.

1967~ The eastern region of Nigeria declared its independence as the Republic of Biafra.  This declaration sparked a civil war, and after two and a half years, after many of its citizens were murdered, Biafra reintergrated into Nigeria.

1942~ During World War II, 1000 British bombers launched a 90-minute attack on Cologne, Germany.

1922~ The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated.

1911~ The first Indianapolis 500 automobile race ended.  Ray Harroun (1879 ~ 1968) was the first winner of this race.

1806~ Andrew Jackson (1767 ~ 1845) killed Charles Dickinson (1780 ~ 1806) in a duel after Dickinson accused Rachel Jackson (1767 ~ 1828), Andrew’s wife, of bigamy.

1635~ The Peace of Prague was signed effectively ending the civil aspects of the Thirty Years’ War.

1574~ Henry III (1551 ~ 1589) became King of France.

1536~ King Henry VIII (1491 ~ 1547) of England married Jane Seymour (1508 ~ 1537).  She would die the following year in childbirth.

1431~ During the Hundred Years’ War, Joan of Arc (1412 ~ 1431) was burned at the stake in Rouen, France, by an English-dominated tribunal.

70~ The date ascribed during the Siege of Jerusalem when Titus and his Roman legions breached the Second Wall surrounding the city.  The Jewish defenders were forced to retreat to the First Wall.

Good-Byes:

2015~ Beau Biden (né Joseph Robinette Biden, III; b. Feb. 3, 1969), American son of Vice President Joseph Biden who dedicated his life to public service.  He served as the 44^th Attorney General of Delaware.  He had suffered from brain cancer and was 46 years old at the time of his death.

2015~ Jim Bailey (né James William Bailey, b. Jan. 10, 1938), American entertainer and female impersonator who became a diva.  He died of complications of pneumonia at age 77.

2012~ Jack Twyman (né John Kennedy Twyman; b. May 21, 1934), All-Star basketball player who sent on off-court example.  He died 11 days after his 78^th birthday.

2012~ Sir Andrew Huxley (né Andrew Fielding Huxley; b. Nov. 22, 1917), English physiologist and biophysicist.  He was the recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.  He was also half brother of writer Aldous Huxley.  He died at age 94.

2011~ Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (née Rosalyn Sussman; b. July 19, 1921), American medical physicist and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of the Radioimmunoassay technique.  She died at age 89.

2009~ Ephraim Katzir (né Efraim Katchalski; b. May 16, 1916), Israeli biophysicist.  He also served as the 4^th President of Israel.  He was President from May 1973 until May 1978.  He died 14 days after his 93^rd birthday.

1993~ Marge (née Marjorie Lyman Henderson; b. Dec. 11, 1904), American cartoonist.  She was the creator of Little Lulu.  She died of lymphoma at age 88.

1989~ Claude Pepper (né Claude Denson Pepper; b. Sept. 8, 1900), American politician and United States Senator from Florida. He died at age 88.

1986~ Perry Ellis (né Perry Edwin Ellis, b. Mar. 3, 1940), American fashion designer.  He died at age 46.

1975~ Steve Prefontaine (né Steve Roland Prefontaine; b. Jan. 25, 1951), American runner.  He died at age 24 in a car accident.

1971~ Marcel Dupré (b. May 3, 1886), French organist and composer.  He died 27 days after his 85^th birthday.

1967~ Claude Rains (néWilliam Claude Rains, b. Nov. 10, 1889), English actor.  He is best known for his role in Casablanca.  He died of an abdominal hemorrhage in Laconia, New Hampshire at age 77.

1960~ Boris Pasternak (b. Feb. 10, 1890), Russian writer and recipient of the 1958 Nobel Peace Prize.  The Communist Party forced him to decline the award.  His descendants were able to accept the Prize in his name in 1988.  He is best known for his novel, Dr. Zhivago.  He died of lung cancer at age 70.

1947~ Georg Ludwig von Trapp (né Georg Johannes Ludwig Ritter von Trapp; b. Apr. 4, 1880), Austro-Hungarian navy officer and patriarch of the von Trapp family.  His family’s story inspired the movie, The Sound of Music.  He died of lung cancer at age 67 in Stowe, Vermont.

1926~ Vladimir Skeklov (b. Jan. 9, 1864), Russian mathematician and physicist.  He died at age 62.

1912~ Wilber Wright (b. Apr. 16, 1867) American inventor, pioneer in aviation and airplane designer.  He, along with his brother, Orville, invented the airplane and founded the Wright Company.  He died of typhoid fever at age 45.

1911~ Milton Bradley (b. Nov. 8, 1836), American businessman and founder of the Milton Bradley Company.  He was born in Vienna, Maine and died in Springfield, Massachusetts at age 74.

1901~ Victor D’Hondt (b. Nov. 20, 1841), Belgian mathematician.  He died at age 59.

1865~ John Catron (b. Jan. 7, 1786), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was nominated to the High Court by President Andrew Jackson.  He served on the Court from March 8, 1937 until his death at age 79 on this date in 1865.

1778~ Voltaire (né François-Marie Arouet; b. Nov. 21, 1694), French writer and philosopher.  He died at age 83.

1770~ François Boucher (b. Sept. 29, 1703), French painter.  He died at age 66.

1744~ Alexander Pope (b. May 21, 1688), English writer and poet.  He died 9 days after his 56^thbirthday.

1730~ Arabella Churchill (b. Feb. 23, 1648), English mistress of King James II of England.  She died at age 82.

1670~ John Davenport (b. Apr. 9, 1597), English-American clergyman and co-founder of the New Haven Connecticut colony.  He died of apoplexy at age 73.

1640~ Sir Peter Paul Rubens (b. June 28, 1577), Flemish painter and diplomat.  He was knighted by both King Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England.  He died 29 days before his 63^rd birthday.

1593~ Christopher Marlowe (b. Feb. 26, 1564), English playwright.  He was stabbed to death at age 29.  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he was baptized on February 26.

1574~ King Charles IX of France (b. June 27, 1550).  He was King from December 1560 until his death at age 23 on this date in 1574.  He died most likely from tuberculosis 28 days before his 24^th birthday.  He was succeeded by his brother, Henry III.

1431~ Joan of Arc (b. Jan. 6, 1412), French military figure and Roman Catholic saint.  She led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years’ War.  She was condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake.  She was approximately 19 years old as the exact date of her birth is unknown, although Jan. 6 is commonly accepted as her birthdate.

May 29

Birthdays:

1959~ Rupert Everett (né Rupert James Hector Everett), British actor.

1958~ Annette Bening (née Annette Carol Bening), American actress.

1941~ Bob Simon (né Robert David Simon; d. Feb. 11, 2015), American television foreign correspondent who was it all.  He was killed at age 73 from head injuries sustained when the taxi cab he was traveling in crashed.

1938~ Fay Vincent (né Francis Thomas Vincent, Jr.), 8^th Commissioner of Baseball.  He served as Commissioner from September 1989 until September 1992.  He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut.

1932~ Doreen Simmons (née Doreen Sylvia Clarke; d. Apr. 23, 2018), British teacher who made it big in the world of sumo.  She was best known for her English radio commentary on Sumo wrestling.  She died at age 85.

1929~ Peter Higgs (né Peter Ware Higgs), English physicist and recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

1922~ Raymond Plank (d. Nov. 8, 2018), American tax expert who became an oil giant.  He was the founder and Chairman of the Apache Corporation.  He died at age 96.

1920~ John Harsanyi (né Harsányi János Károly; d. Aug. 9, 2000), Hungarian economist and recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.  He died at age 80.

1918~ David Rees (d. Aug. 16, 2013), Welsh mathematician.  He died at age 95.

1917~ John Fitzgerald Kennedy (d. Nov. 22, 1963), 35^th President of the United States.  He served as President from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.  He was assassinated at age 46 in Dallas, Texas.

1914~ Tenzing Norgay (né Namgyl Wangdi; d. May 9, 1986), Nepalese Sherpa who accompanied Edmund Hillary on the climb up Mount Everest in May 1953.  He died 20 days before his 72^nd birthday.

1911~ George Szekeres (d. Aug. 28, 2005), Hungarian mathematician and husband of Esther Szekeres (1910 ~ 2005).  He died within hours of his wife.  He was 94 years old.

1906~ T.H. White (né Terence Hanbury White; d. Jan. 17, 1964), English author best known for his book, The Once and Future King, about King Arthur.  He died of heart failure at age 57.

1903~ Bob Hope (né Leslie Townes Hope; d. July 27, 2003), English-American comedian and actor.  He died at age 100.

1874~ G.K. Chesterton (né Gilbert Keith Chesterton; d. June 14, 1936), English novelist.  He died 16 days after his 63^rd birthday.

1736~ Patrick Henry (d. June 6, 1799), Early-American politician and 1^st Governor of Virginia.  He died 8 days after his 63^rd birthday.

1675~ Humphry Ditton (d. Oct. 15, 1715), English mathematician. He died at age 40.

1630~ King Charles II of England (d. Feb. 6, 1685), monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland.  He was married to Catherine of Braganza.  He was of the House of Stuart.  He died at age 54.

1439~ Pope Pius III (né Francesco Todechini Piccolomini; d. Oct. 18, 1503).  He was Pope for only 26 days, from September 1503 until his death on October 18, 1503, making his papacy one of the shortest in Catholic history.  He was 64 years old at the time of his death.

Events that Changed the World:

2017~ Memorial Day observed in the United States.

2012~ A 5.8 magnitude earthquake hit northern Italy.

2008~ A 6.1 magnitude earthquake struck Iceland.

2004~ The National World War II Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C.

1990~ Boris Yeltsin (1931 ~ 2007) was elected president of the Russian Republic.

1982~ The British defeated Argentine forces at the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

1973~ Tom Bradley (1917 ~ 1998) was elected as the first African-American mayor of Los Angeles, California.

1953~ Sir Edmund Hillary (1919~2008) and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay (1914 ~ 1986) became the first known people to reach the summit of Mount Everest.  They reached the summit on Norgay’s 39^th birthday.

1919~ Albert Einstein’s theory of general relative was tested by Arthur Eddington and Andrew Crommelin.

1914~ The Ocean liner the RMS Empressof Ireland sank in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence following a collision with the Norwegian ship the SS Storstad.  Over 1000 people were killed in the collision.

1913~ Igor Stravinsky’s ballet, The Rite of Spring, premiered in Paris and caused a riot.

1886~ The first advertisement for Coca-Cola appeared in the Atlantic Journal.

1848~ Wisconsin became the 30^th State of the Union.

1790~ Rhode Island and Providence Plantations became the last of the original 13 colonies to ratify the Constitution.

1727~ Peter II (1715 ~ 1730) became Tsar of Russia.

1660~ King Charles II (1630 ~ 1685) was restored to the throne of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

1328~ Philip VI (1293 ~ 1350) was crowned King of France.

Good-Byes:

2017~ Manuel Noriega (b. Feb. 11, 1934), Panamanian dictator.  He died following complications of brain surgery.  He was 83 years old.

2015~ Doris Hart (b. June 20, 1925), American tennis champion who beat the odds.  She was a World Number 1 tennis player who was active in the 1940s and ‘50s.  She was one of just three players to have a “boxes set” of Grand Slam titles by winning the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles from all four Grand Slam events. She died 22 days before her 90^th birthday.

2013~ Andrew Greeley (b. Feb. 5, 1928), American Catholic maverick priest who chided his church.  He also wrote novels of straying priests and detective thrillers.  He died at age 85.

2012~ Doc Watson (né Arthel Land Watson; b. Mar. 3, 1923), American guitarist who was blind.  He died at age 89.

2011~ Bill Clements (né William Perry Clements, Jr.; b. Apr. 13, 1917), 42^nd and 44^th Governor of Texas.  He served his first time from January 1979 through January 1983, and his second term from January 1987 through January 1991.  He had previously served briefly as the United States Secretary of Defense during the Richard Nixon administration, from May 1973 until July 1973.  He died at age 94.

2010~ Dennis Hopper (né Dennis Lee Hopper; b. May 17, 1936), American actor.  He died of prostate cancer just 12 days after his 74^th birthday.

2008~ Harvey Korman (né Harvey Herschel Korman; b. Feb. 15, 1927), American actor and comedian.  He is best known for his role on The Carol Burnett Show.  He died at age 81.

2004~ Archibald Cox, Jr. (b. May 17, 1912), American lawyer and First Special Prosecutor for the Watergate hearings.  He also served as the 31^st United States Solicitor General under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.  He died 12 days after his 92^nd birthday.

1998~ Barry Goldwater (né Barry Morris Goldwater; b. Jan. 2, 1909), American politician and 1964 presidential candidate.  He was a United States Senator from Arizona from January 1969 until January 1087.  He died at age 89.

1995~ Margaret Chase Smith (née Margaret Madeline Chase; b. Dec. 14, 1897), American politician and United States Senator from Maine.  She served main as Senator from January 1949 until January 1973.  She died at age 97.

1979~ Mary Pickford (née Gladys Marie Smith; b. Apr. 8, 1892), Canadian silent film actress and co-founder of United Artists.  She died at age of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 87.

1970~ John Gunther (b. Aug. 30, 1901), American journalist and author.  He is best known for his 1949 memoir, Death Be Not Proud, which chronicled the death of his young son from a brain tumor.  Gunther died of liver cancer at age 68.

1958~ Juan Ramón Jiménez (b. Dec. 23, 1881), Spanish writer and recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Literature.  He died at age 76.

1951~ Fanny Brice (née Fania Borach; b. Oct. 29, 1891), American singer and actress.  She died at age 59 of a cerebral hemorrhage.

1942~ John Barrymore (né John Sidney Blyth; b. Feb. 14, 1882), American actor and member of the Barrymore acting dynasty.  His birthdate is sometimes listed as Feb. 15, 1882.  He died at age 60.

1919~ Robert Bacon (b. July 5, 1860), 39^th United States Secretary of State.  He served under President Theodore Roosevelt for 38 days, from January 1909 until March 1909.  He was from Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.  He died at age 58 of blood poisoning following surgery.

1911~ Sir W.S. Gilbert (né William Schwenck Gilbert; b. Nov. 18, 1836), English dramatist and lyricist who worked with composer Sir Arthur Sullivan to create operettas, such as the Pirate of Penzance.  He died at age 74.

1868~ Levi Lincoln, Jr. (b. Oct. 25, 1868), 13^th Governor of Massachusetts.  He served as Governor from May 1825 until January 1834. He was born and died in Worcester, Massachusetts.  He died at age 85.

1866~ Winfield Scott (b. June 13, 1786), American Army General.  He was known as “Old Fuss and Feathers” and served on active duty for over 53 years.  During the course of his military career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, the Mexican-American War, the Second Seminole War, and the American Civil War.  He died 15 days before his 80^th birthday.

1829~ Sir Humphry Davy, 1^st Baronet (b. Dec. 17, 1778), English chemist.  He is known for inventing the Davy Lamp.  He died at age 50 from complications following a stroke.

1814~ Joséphine de Beauharnais (b. June 23, 1763), first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte.  She died 24 days before her 51^st birthday.

1790~ Israel Putnam (b. Jan. 7, 1718), American general.  He made his name at the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War.  He died at age 72.

1660~ Frans van Schooten (b. 1615), Dutch mathematician.  The exact date of his birth is unknown.

1424~ Hongxi (b. Aug. 16, 1378), 4^thChinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.  He died at age 46.

1379~ King Henry II of Castile and León (b. Jan. 13, 1334).  He was the first king of Castile and León.  He was the king involved in the Ferdinand War and the Hundred Years’ War.  He was married to Juana Manuel (1339 ~ 1381).  He died at age 45.

1332~ Mary of Woodstock (b. Mar. 11, 1279), daughter of King Edward I of England.  She became a Benedictine nun.  She died at age 53.

1259~ Christopher I of Denmark (b. 1219).  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 39 or 40 at the time of his death.

May 28

Birthdays:

1971~ Marco Rubio (né Marco Antonio Rubio), American politician and United States Senator from Florida.

1961~ Roland Gift (né Roland Lee Gift), English singer and frontman for Fine Young Cannibals.

1960~ Mark Sanford (né Marshall Clement Sanford, Jr.), American politician and 115^thGovernor of South Carolina.

1944~ Rudy Giuliani (né Rudolph William Louis Guilliani), American politician and 107^thMayor of New York City.  During the Trump Administration, Guiliani became the President’s personal attorney.

1944~ Gladys Knight (née Gladys Marie Knight), American singer-songwriter.

1942~ Stanley B. Prusiner (néStanley Benjamin Prusiner), American neurologist and recipient of the1997 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of prions, a class of self-reproducing pathogens.

1940~ Shlomo Riskin, American rabbi.

1939~ Maeve Binchy (née Anne Maeve Binchy; d. July 30, 2012), Irish novelist.  She died of a heart attack at age 73.

1934~ Betty Shabazz (née Betty Dean Sanders; d. June 23, 1997), wife of Malcolm X.  She died a month after her 63^rdbirthday from burns caused when her grandson set fire to her apartment.

1934~ The Canadian-borne Dionne quintuplets, Annette, Cécile, Émilie (d. Aug. 6, 1954), Marie (d. Feb. 27, 1970), and Yvonne (d. June 23, 2001).  These were the first known quintuplets to survive infancy.  Émilie became a nun, but died at age 20; Marie died at age 35 and Yvonne died at age 67.

1931~ Gordon Willis (né Gordon Hugh Willis, Jr.; d. May 18, 2014), American cinematographer who painted with shadow.  He is best known for his work on The Godfather.  He died of cancer in North Falmouth, Massachusetts 10 days before his 83^rdbirthday.

1922~ Barney Rosset (né Barnett Lee Rosset, Jr.; d. Feb. 21, 2012), American provocative publisher who defied censors.  He was the owner of the Grove Press publishing house.  He led the fight to publish the uncensored version of Lady Chatterley’s Loverand Tropic of Cancer.  He died at age 89.

1922~ Lou Duva (né Louis Duva; d. Mar. 8, 2017), American scrappy boxing manager who trained champs.  He managed such boxing champions as Evander Holyfield and Darren van Horn over a 7-decade career.  He died at age 94.

1917~ Barry Commoner (d. Sept. 30, 2012), American cellular biologist and political activist.  He died at age 95.

1916~ Walker Percy (d. May 10, 1990), American author who wrote about Louisiana.  Although born in Birmingham, Alabama, he lived and died in Covington, Louisiana.  He died of prostate cancer 18 days before his 74^thbirthday.

1912~ Ruby Payne-Scott (née Ruby Violet Payne-Scott; d. May 25, 1981), Australian physicist and astronomer.  She was the first radio astronomer.  She died 3 days before her 69^thbirthday.

1912~ Patrick White (né Patrick Victor Martindale White; d. Sept. 30, 1990), Australian writer and recipient of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.  He died at age 78.

1908~ Ian Fleming (né Ian Lancaster Fleming; d. Aug. 12, 1964), British intelligence officer and author.  He was the creator of James Bond.  He died of heart disease at age 56.

1895~ Walter Q. Gresham (né Walter Quintin Gresham; b. Mar. 17, 1832), 33^rdUnited States Secretary of State.  He served under President Grover Cleveland from March 1893 until his death on May 28, 1895.  He had previously served as the 35^thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury for a month from September to October 1884 during the Chester Arthur administration. He had also served as the 31^stUnited States Postmaster General from April 1883 until September 1884 also during the Chester Arthur administration.  He died in Office of Secretary State at age 63.

1887~ Jim Thorpe (né James Francis Thorpe, d. Mar. 28, 1953), Native American athlete and Olympian Gold Medalist.  He won gold medals at the 1912 Olympics, however, after it was learned that he had briefly played professional football, he was stripped of his medals. In 1983, the medals restored his Olympic medals.  The exact date in May of his birth is unknown and is sometimes recorded as May 22.  He died at age 65.

1884~ Edvard Beneš (d. Sept. 3, 1948), 2^ndand 4^thPresident of Czechoslovakia.  He initially served from December 1935 to October 1938; his second term was from April 1945 until June 1948.  He died at age 64.

1879~ Milutin Milanković (d. Dec. 12, 1958), Serbian mathematician and astronomer.  He died at age 79.

1858~ Carl Richard Nyberg (d. March 25, 1939), Swedish inventor of the blow torch. He died at age 80.

1818~ P.G.T. Beauregard (né Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard; d. Feb. 20, 1893), Louisiana-born military officer and Confederate General during the American Civil War.  He died at age 74 in New Orleans, Louisiana.

1807~ Louis Agassiz (né Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, d. Dec. 14, 1873), Swiss-American paleontologist and geologist.  He was born in Switzerland and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  He died at age 66.

1786~ Louis McLane (d. Oct. 7, 1857), 12^thUnited States Secretary of State.  He served in this position during the Andrew Jackson administration from May 1833 until June 1834.  He previously served as the 10^thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury during the Andrew Jackson administration.  He died at age 71.

1764~ Edward Livingston (d. May 23, 1836), American politician from Louisiana. He also served as the 11^thUnited States Secretary of State.  He served in President Martin Van Buren’s administration from May 1831 until May 1933.  He was also influential in drafting the Louisiana Civil Code.  He died 5 days before his 71^stbirthday.

1759~ William Pitt the Younger (d. Jan. 23, 1806), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He died at age 46.

1738~ Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (d. Mar. 26, 1814), French physician and namesake of the guillotine.  He did not invent the guillotine and was, in fact, an opponent of the death penalty.  He died at age 75.

1676~ Jacopo Riccati (néJacopo Francesco Riccati; d. Apr. 15, 1754), Italian mathematician.  He died at age 77.

1660~ King George I of Great Britain (d. June 11, 1727).  He ruled from August 1714 until his death in June 1727.  He died 2 weeks after his 67^thbirthday.

Events that Changed the World:

2018~ Memorial Day was observed in the United States.

1987~ Mathias Rust (b. 1968), a 19-year-old West German flew his private plane into Soviet Union air space and landed in Red Square in Moscow.  He was detained for over a year before being released on August 3, 1988.

1982~ British forces defeated the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

1964~ The Palestine Liberation Organization was formed.

1952~ Greece granted women the right to vote.

1942~ In retaliation for the May 27, 1942 assassination attempt on Reinhard Heydrich (1904 ~ 1942), the Nazis in Czechoslovakia killed over 1,800 people.

1937~ The Volkswagen automobile company was founded in Germany.

1937~ The Golden Gate Bridge officially opened for vehicular traffic.

1934~ The Dionne quintuplets were born.  They were the first quintuplets known to survive infancy.  The quintuplets, who were born 2 months premature, were all girls: Annette, Cécile, Émilie (d. 1954), Marie (d. 1970), and Yvonne (d. 2001).

1923~ The United States Attorney General determined that it is legal for women to wear trousers.

1892~ Naturalist John Muir (1838 ~ 1914) organizes the Sierra Club.

1830~ President Andrew Jackson (1767 ~ 1845) signed the Indian Removal Act which Congress had signed into law two days earlier.  The Indian Removal Act forced the relocation of many Native American tribes.

1588~ The Spanish Armada set sail for England in a planned invasion.  The Armada consisted of 130 ships and 30,000 men.  It took 2 days for all the ships to leave the port in Lisbon, Portugal.

1533~ Thomas Cranmer (1489 ~ 1556), the Archbishop of Canterbury, declared the marriage of King Henry VIII (1491 ~ 1547) of England to Anne Boleyn (d. 1536) to be valid.

Good-Byes:

2018~ Dick Tuck (né Richard Gregory Tuck, b. Jan. 25, 1924), American Democratic operative who punked Nixon. He died at age 94.

2018~ Jens Christian Skou (b. Oct. 8, 1918), Danish chemist and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 99.

2017~ Frank Deford (né Benjamin Franklin Deford, III; b. Dec. 16, 1938), American sports journalist and radio commentator.  He died at age 78.

2016~ C. Michael Harper (né Charles Michael Harper, b. Sept. 26, 1927), American businessman.  He was the Chief Operating Executive of ConAgra who made healthy eating mainstream.  Following a heart attack, he developed a line of Healthy Choice meals.  He died at age 88.

2014~ Maya Angelou (née Margueritte Annie Johnson; b. Apr. 4, 1928), African-American inspirational writer who chronicled the black experience.  She died at age 86.

2014~ Oscar Dystel (b. Oct. 31, 1912), American publisher who saved the paperback.  His made Bantam Books a pioneer and main publisher of paperback books. He died at age 101.

2003~ Ilya Prigogine (b. Jan. 25, 1917), Russian-born Belgian chemist and recipient of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  He died at age 86.

1998~ Phil Hartman (né Philip Edward Hartman; b. Sept. 24, 1948), Canadian actor and comedian.  He was on the cast of Saturday Night Livefor several seasons.  He was killed by his wife in a murder-suicide.  He was 49 years old.

1980~ Rolf Nevanlinna (né Rolf Herman Neovius; b. Oct. 22, 1895), Finnish mathematician.  He was sympathetic to Nazi Germany during World War II.  He died at age 84.

1972~ Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (né Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; b. June 23, 1894).  He abdicated the throne to marry American divorcée, Wallis Simpson, and then became known as the Duke of Windsor.  He died less than a month before his 78^thbirthday.

1971~ Audie Murphy (néAudie Leon Murphy; b. June 20, 1924), American actor and soldier.  He was a hero in World War II.  He was killed in a private plane crash.  He died less than a month before his 46^thbirthday.

1946~ Carter Glass (b. Jan. 4, 1858), 47^thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury.  He served during President Woodrow Wilson’s term, from December 1918 until February 1920. He subsequently became a United States Senator from Virginia from February 1920 until his death in May 1946. He died at age 88.

1937~ Alfred Adler (b. Feb. 7, 1870), Austrian psychologist.  He died at age 67.

1935~ Julia Barlow Platt (b. Sept. 14, 1857), American embryologist and politician.  Although she earned her Ph.D., she was unable to secure a position at a university.  She was born in San Francisco, California but grew up in Burlington, Vermont and attended the University of Vermont.  She became a politician and in 1931, at age 74, she became the mayor of Pacific Grove, California.  She died at age 78.

1878~ John Russell, 1^stEarl Russell (b. Aug. 18, 1792), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He served as Prime Minister for two terms, the first from June 1846 to February 1852 and again from October 1865 until June 1866.  Both terms were during the reign of Queen Victoria.  He died at age 85.

1849~ Anne Brontë (b. Jan. 17, 1820), English novelist and poet.  She was the youngest member of the Brontë family.  She died of tuberculosis at age 29.

1843~ Noah Webster, Jr. (b. Oct. 16, 1758), American writer and lexicographer. He was the creator of the dictionary that bears his name.  He was born and died in Connecticut.  He died at age 84.

1357~ Afonso IV of Portugal (d. Feb. 8, 1291), King of Portugal and the Algarves.  He was known as Alfonso the Brave.  He was married to Beatrice of Castile.  He was of the Portuguese House of Burgundy.  He died at age 66.