Birthdays:
1983 ~ Jessica Lynch (née Jessica Dawn Lynch), American soldier and who served in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Her convoy was ambushed by Iraqi forces, and she was serious injured. She was a POW but was successfully rescued by Special Forces. She was born in Palestine, West Virginia.
1980 ~ Channing Tatum (né Channing Matthew Tatum), American actor. He was born in Cullman, Alabama.
1972 ~ Sylvain Tesson, French writer, and traveler. He was born in Paris, France.
1970 ~Melania Trump (née Melanija Knavs), First Lady of the United States. She was a Slovenian-American model and third wife of President Donald Trump. She was born in Yugoslavia, currently Slovenia.
1965 ~ Kevin James (né Kevin George Knipfing), American comedian and actor. He was bornin Mineola, New York.
1962 ~ Matteo Messina Denaro (d. Sept. 25, 2023), Italian brutal mobster who spent 30 years in hiding. He was considered one of the new leaders of the Sicilian mob. He became a fugitive in 1993. After 30 years on the run, he was arrested on 16 January 2023 near a private clinic in Palermo, where he was receiving medical treatment under a false name. He was born in Castelvetrano, Sicily, Italy. He died at age 61 in prison of complications of colon cancer in L’Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy.
1958 ~ Giancarlo Esposito (né Giancarlo Giuseppe Alessandro Esposito), American actor. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1956 ~ Koo Stark (née Kathleen Norris Stark), American actress and photographer. She is best known for being the former girlfriend of Prince Andrew. She was born in New York, New York.
1942 ~ Bobby Rydell (né Robert Louis Ridarelli; d. Apr. 5, 2022), American teen singer who set young hearts aflame. He was the heartthrob of the bobby-soxers. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died of complications of pneumonia 21 days before his 80th birthday in Abington Township, Pennsylvania.
1938 ~ Leonid Plyushch (d. June 4, 2015), Ukrainian mathematician and Soviet dissident. He was born in Naryn, Kirghiz, Soviet Union. He died at age 77 in Bessèges, France.
1938 ~ Duane Eddy, American guitarist. He was born in Corning, New York.
1933 ~ Arno Allan Penzias (d. Jan. 22, 2024), German-American physicist and recipient of the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was a co-discoverer of the cosmic microwave background radiation which helped establish the Big Bang Theory of cosmology. He escaped Nazi Germany in 1939 as part of the Kindertransport rescue operation. He ultimately made his way to the United States and became a citizen. He was born in Munich, Germany. He died at age 90 in San Francisco, California.
1933 ~ Carol Burnett (née Carol Creighton Burnett), American comedian. She was born in San Antonio, Texas.
1932 ~ Michael Smith (d. Oct. 4, 2000), British-born Canadian biochemist and recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis. He was born in Blackpool, England. He died at age 68 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
1930 ~ Bruce Jay Friedman (d. June 3, 2020), American novelist who found laughs in male neurosis. He was a trailblazer in the style of American black humor. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 90 in Brooklyn, New York.
1927 ~ Eugene Foster (d. July 21, 2008), American pathologist who linked President Thomas Jefferson to his slave, Sally Hemmings. He died of renal failure at age 81.
1925 ~ Vladimir Boltyansky (d. Apr. 16, 2019), Russian mathematician. He is best known for writing mathematical books on such topics as topology and combinatorial geometry. He was born in Moscow, Russia. He died 10 days before his 94th birthday in Guanajuato, Mexico.
1917 ~ I.M. Pei (né Ieoh Ming Pei; d. May 16, 2019), Chinese-American architect who designed modernist icons. He was the chief architect for the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, Massachusetts. He is best known for creating the Pyramid at the Louvre in Paris. He was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, Republic of China. He died less than a month after his 102nd birthday in New York, New York.
1916 ~ Morris West (né Morris Langlo West; d. Oct. 9, 1999), Australian writer. He is best known for his novels The Shoes of the Fisherman and The Devil’s Advocate. He died at age 83.
1914 ~ Bernard Malamud (d. Mar. 18, 1986), American novelist. He is best known for his novel The Fixer about anti-Semitism in Czarist Russia, and The Natural. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 71.
1900 ~ Charles Francis Richter (d. Sept. 30, 1985), American geophysicist and creator of the Richter magnitude scale that measures the strength of earthquakes. He was born in Overpeck, Ohio. He died at age 85 in Pasadena, California.
1898 ~ Vincente Aleixandre (d. Dec. 14, 1984), Spanish writer and recipient of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Seville, Spain. He died at age 86 in Madrid, Spain.
1894 ~ Rudolf Hess (né Rudolf Walter Richard Heß; d. Aug. 17, 1987), Nazi official and convicted war criminal. He hanged himself in prison at age 93.
1889 ~ Ludwig Wittgenstein (né Ludwig Joseph Johann Wittgenstein; d. Apr. 29, 1951), Austrian-born philosopher who worked in logic and mathematical philosophy. He was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He died 3 days after his 62ndbirthday in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
1889 ~ Anita Loos (née Corinne Anita Loos; d. Aug. 18, 1981), American writer. She is best known for her comic novel, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. She was born in Sisson, California. She died at age 93 in New York, New York.
1879 ~ Sir Owen Richardson (né Owen Willams Richardson; d. Feb. 15, 1959), English physicist and recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on thermionic emission. He died at age 79.
1822 ~ Frederick Law Olmsted (d. Aug. 28, 1903), American landscape architect, best known for his planning and designing of Central Park in New York City. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut and died at age 81 in Belmont, Massachusetts.
1798 ~ Eugène Delacroix (né Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix; d. Aug. 13, 1863), French painter. He died at age 65 in Paris, France.
1785 ~ John James Audubon (né Jean-Jacques Rabin; d. Jan. 27, 1851), American ornithologist and painter. He identified 25 new species of birds. He was born in Les Cayes, Haiti. He died at age 65 in New York, New York.
1782 ~ Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (d. Mar. 24, 1866), Queen consort of France and wife of Louis Philippe I, King of France. They married in 1809. They had 10 children together. She was of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolia of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. She died about a month after her 83rd birthday.
1765 ~ Emma, Lady Hamilton (née Amy Lyon; d. Jan. 15, 1815), English mistress of Horatio Nelson. She died of liver failure at age 49 in Calais, France.
1648 ~ Peter II, King of Portugal (d. Dec. 9, 1706). He reigned as King from September 12, 1682 until his death in December 1706. He was known as The Pacific because he reigned during a time of peace. He was married twice. First to Maria Francisca of Savoy (1646 ~ 1683). They married in 1668. They had one daughter, Isabel Luisa. Peter was her 2nd husband. She had previously been married to his brother, Afonso VI, King of Portugal. She died in 1683. In 1687, he married Maria Sofia of Neuberg (1666 ~ 1699). They had 7 children together. He also had 3 illegitimate children with 3 different mistresses. He was of the House of Braganza. He was the son of John VI, King of Portugal and Luisa de Guzmán. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 58. He was succeeded by his son, John IV, King of Portugal.
1575 ~ Marie de’Medici (d. July 3, 1642), Queen consort of France and second wife of Henry IV, King of France (1553 ~ 1610). They married in 1600. They had 6 children, including Louis XIII, King of France. She was of the House of Medici. She was the daughter of Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Joanna of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 67.
1319 ~ John II, King of France (d. Apr. 8, 1364). He reigned France from August 22, 1350 until his death in April 1364. He was known as John the Good. He was married twice. His first wife, whom he married in 1332, was Bonne of Bohemia (1315 ~ 1349). She was also known as Bonne of Luxembourg. They had 9 children together. After her death, he married Joan I, Countess of Auvergne (1326 ~ 1360). They married in 1350. John was her 2nd husband. They had 3 children together. He was of the House of Valais. He was the son of Philip VI, King of France and Joan of Burgundy. He was Roman Catholic. He died 18 days before his 45th birthday. He was succeeded by his son, Charles V, King of France.
570 ~ Muhammed (d. June 8, 632), founder and prophet of Islam. This is the traditional date according to the Shi’a sect. He is believed to have been about 62 at the time of his death.
121 ~ Marcus Aurelius (d. Mar. 17, 180), this is the traditional date ascribed to the birth of this Roman emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire from March 161 until his death in March 180. He died about the age of 58.
Events that Changed the World:
2018 ~ Comedian and actor Bill Cosby (b. 1937) was found guilty of 3 counts of aggravated indecent sexual assault. He was later sentenced to prison and is classified as a sexually violent predator. In 2021, his conviction was overturned on a technicality.
1991 ~ Over 70 tornadoes broke out over the central United States.
1986 ~ The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident occurred in the Ukraine, the worst nuclear accident to date.
1981 ~ Dr. Michael Harrison (b. 1943) performed the world’s first human open fetal surgery at the San Francisco Medical Center. The surgery was to correct an advanced urinary tract obstruction in the fetus.
1964 ~ The countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form Tanzania.
1954 ~ The Salk polio vaccine field trials began. Over 1.8 million school children in the United States, Canada, and Finland participated in the trials.
1937 ~Guernica was bombed by German Luftwaffe during the Spanish Civil War.
1933 ~ The Gestapo, the official secret police of Nazi Germany, was established.
1923 ~ George, Duke of York, who later became George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1895 ~ 1952), married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900 ~ 2002) at Westminster Abbey.
1865 ~ Confederate General Joseph Johnston (1807 ~ 1891) surrendered his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 ~ 1891) at Bennett Place, near Durham, North Carolina.
1777 ~ Sibyl Ludington (1761 ~ 1839), at age 16, rode her horse 40 miles from Carmel to Mahopac, New York to warn the militia men under her Colonel Henry Ludington, her father, that the British were poised to take control over Danbury, Connecticut.
1721 ~ A massive earthquake devastated the city of Tabriz in modern-day Iran.
1564 ~ William Shakespeare (1564 ~ 1616) was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, thereby estimating his actual birth date to be 1 or 2 days earlier.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Arthur Staats (d. Jan. 17, 1924), American child psychologist who popularized the “time-out” for children’s discipline. He was an opponent of spinking and believed a “time-out” was a more effective response to youthful misbehavior. He was born in Greenburgh, New York. He died of heart failure at age 97 in Oahu, Hawaii.
2017 ~ Jonathan Demme (né Robert Jonathan Demme; b. Feb. 22, 1944), American director who made The Silence of the Lambs, for which he won an Academy War. He died of complications from esophageal cancer and heart disease. He was born in Baldwin, New York. He died at age 73 in New York, New York.
2015 ~ Jayne Meadows (née Jane Cotter; b. Sept. 27, 1919), American actress. She was born in Wuhan, China. She died at age 95 in Los Angeles, California.
2014 ~ Jacqueline Ferrand (b. Feb. 17, 1918), French mathematician. She is best known for her work on conformal representation theory and Riemannian manifolds. She was born in Alès, France. She died at age 95 in Sceaux, France.
2014 ~ Bill Ash (né William Franklin Ash; b. Nov. 30, 1917), Texas-born British writer who served as a fighter pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II. He was the POW who wouldn’t stop escaping. He made 13 escape attempts from prisoner-of-war camps during World War II. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He died at age 96 in London, England.
2013 ~ George Jones (né George Glenn Jones; b. Sept. 12, 1931), American country singer who became the voice of heartbreak. He had such hits as He Stopped Loving Her Today. He was born in Saratoga, Texas. He died of respiratory failure at age 81 in Nashville, Tennessee.
2011 ~ Phoebe Snow (née Pheobe Ann Laub; b. July 17, 1950), American singer and songwriter. She was born in New York, New York. She died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 60 in Edison, New Jersey.
2009 ~ Salamo Arouch (b. Jan. 1, 1923), Greek Sephardic Jew who was a boxer who survived Auschwitz with his boxing skills, which entertained Nazi officers. His story was portrayed in the 1989 film Triumph of the Spirit. He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. He died in Tel Aviv, Israel at age 86.
2005 ~ Hasil Adkins (b. Apr. 29, 1937), American musician from an Appalachian County in West Virginia who influenced the creation of rock ‘n roll. He was born and died in Boone County, West Virginia. He died 3 days before his 68th birthday.
1989 ~ Lucille Ball (née Lucille Désirée Ball, b. Aug. 6, 1911), American actress and comedian. She was born in Jamestown, New York. She died at age 77 in Los Angeles, California.
1988 ~ Guillermo Haro Barraza (b. Mar. 21, 1913), Mexican astronomer. He was very influential in the development of astronomy in Mexico. He was born and died in Mexico City, Mexico. He died just a month after his 75th birthday.
1986 ~ Broderick Crawford (né William Broderick Crawford; b. Dec. 9, 1911), American actor. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 74 in Rancho Mirage, California.
1984 ~ Count Basie (né William James Basie; b. Aug. 21, 1904), American jazz musician, bandleader and composer. He was born in Red Bank, New Jersey. He died at age 79 in Hollywood, Florida.
1981 ~ Jim Davis (né Marlin Davis, b. Aug. 26, 1909), American actor best known for his role as the patriarch, Jock Ewing, on the television drama, Dallas. He was born in Edgerton, Missouri. He died of multiple myeloma at age 71 in Northridge, California.
1973 ~ Irene Ryan (née Jessie Irene Noblett; b. Oct. 17, 1902), American actress, best known for her role as Granny on The Beverly Hillbillies. She was born in El Paso, Texas. She died of a heart attack at age 70 in Santa Monica, California.
1970 ~ Gypsy Rose Lee (née Rose Louise Hovick; b. Jan. 8, 1911), American burlesque entertainer famous for her striptease act. She was born in Seattle, Washington. She died of lung cancer at age 59 in Los Angeles, California.
1946 ~ Jim White (né James Larkin White; b. July 11, 1882), American miner, explorer, and park ranger. He discovered the Carlsbad Caverns. He was born in Mason County, Texas. He died at age 63 in Carlsbad, New Mexico.
1940 ~ Carl Bosch (b. Aug. 27, 1874), German chemist and recipient of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry. He was born in Cologne, Germany Empire. He died at age 65 in Heidelberg, Germany.
1920 ~ Srinivasa Ramanujan (b. Dec. 22, 1887), Indian mathematician. He was the subject of the 2015 movie The Man Who Knew Infinity. He died at age 32 of tuberculosis.
1910 ~ Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (né Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson; b. Dec. 8, 1832), Norwegian author and recipient of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 77 in Paris, France.
1865 ~ John Wilkes Booth (b. May 10, 1838), American assassin who killed President Abraham Lincoln. He was shot by Union Calvary troopers in Virginia. He was born in Bel Air, Maryland. He was killed 14 days before his 27th birthday in Port Royal, Virginia.
1826 ~ Lucia Migliaccio (b. July 19, 1770), second wife of Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies (1751 ~ 1825). He was her second husband. They married in 1814. Theirs was a morganatic marriage so she was never the queen consort. She had previously been married to Don Benedetto Maria III Grifeo, 8º Principe di Partanna. She was Roman Catholic. She was born in Syracuse, Kingdom of Sicily. She died at age 55 in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
1810 ~ Blind Jack (né John Metcalf; b. Aug. 15, 1717), British civil engineer. He was the first professional road builder. Despite being blind, he was able to build over 180 miles of turnpike roads in England. He died at age 92.
1776 ~ Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (née Princess Wilhelmina Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt; b. June 25, 1755), Tsarevna of Russia and first wife of Paul Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (1754 ~ 1801). She died before he became Tsar, thus was never the Tsarina. She was of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken. She died of complications of childbirth at age 20.
1478 ~ Giuliano de’Medici (b. Mar. 25, 1453), co-ruler of Florence, Italy with his brother, Lorenzo the Magnificant. He was murdered by members of the Pazzi family, who had conspired to kill both Guiliano and Lorenzo de’Medici during High Mass in the Duomo of Florence. Lorenzo was not killed in this attack. Giuliano de’Medici was of the Medici Family. He was the son of Piero the Gouty and Lucrezia Tornabouni. He had an illegitimate son who became Pope Clement VII. Giuliano was killed a month after his 26th birthday.
1395 ~ Catherine of Bohemia (b. Aug. 19, 1342), Duchess consort of Austria and wife of Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (1339 ~ 1365). He was her first husband. After his death, she married Otto I, Duke of Bavaria (1340 ~ 1379) and became the Duchess consort of Bavaria. She was of the House of Luxembourg. She was the daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Blanche of Valois. She died at age 52.
757 ~ Pope Stephen II (b. 715). He was Pope from March 752 until his death 5 years later. The date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 43 at the time of his death.
499 ~ Emperor Xiaowen (b. Oct. 13, 467), Chinese Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He ruled from September 471 until his death in April 499. He died at age 31.
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