September 25

Birthdays:

1969 ~ Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress and wife of Michael Douglas, whose birthday is also on this date.

1968 ~ Will Smith, American actor.

1952 ~ Christopher Reeve (d. 2004), American actor best known for his role as Superman in the movie of the same name.  He was paralyzed following an equine accident in 1995.  He died about 3 weeks after his 52^nd birthday.

1951 ~ Mark Hamill, Actor who played Luke Skywalker in the original Star Wars movie.

1949 ~ Petro Almodóvar, Spanish movie director.

1947 ~ Cheryl Tiegs, American model.

1944 ~ Michael Douglas, American actor who share his birthday with his wife, Catherine Zeta-Jones (b. 1969).

1943 ~ Robert Gates, 22^nd United States Secretary of Defense.  He served under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama.

1936 ~ Juliet Prowse (d. 1996), South African dancer.  She died of pancreatic cancer less than 2 weeks before her 60^th birthday.

1931 ~ Bryan John Birch, English mathematician.

1930 ~ Shel Silverstein (né Sheldon Allen Silverstein, d. 1999), American humorist and writer.  He died at age 68.

1929 ~ Barbara Walters, American television journalist.

1927 ~ Colin Davis (d. 2013), Longtime British conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra.  He died at age 85.

1915 ~ Ethel Rosenberg (d. 1953), American who was executed along with her husband, Julius, for allegedly spying for the Soviet Union.  She was 37 years old at the time of her execution.

1911 ~ Earl Cooley (d. 2009), the American firefighter who pioneered smoke jumping.  He died at age 98.

1903 ~ Mark Rothko (né Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich, d. 1970), Latvian-born American painter.  He died at age 66.

1897 ~ William Faulkner (d. 1962), Southern American novelist and recipient of the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature.  He died at age 64.

1893 ~ Harald Cramér (d. 1985), Swedish mathematician.  He died 10 days after his 92^nd birthday.

1866 ~ Thomas Hunt Morgan (d. 1945), American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist.  He was the 1933 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role chromosomes played in heredity.  He died at age 79.

1764 ~ Fletcher Christian (d. 1793), English mutineer on the HMS Bounty.  He led the mutiny on the HMS Bounty against Captain Bligh.  He died 5 days before his 29^th birthday.

1694 ~ Henry Pelham (d. 1754), Prime Minister of the Great Britain.  He served as Prime Minister from August 1743 until his death at age 59 in March 1754.  He served during the reign of King George II.

Events that Changed the World:

2014 ~ Rosh HaShanah.

2003 ~ An 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Japan.

1981 ~ Sandra Day O’Connor (b. 1930) became the 102^nd person sworn in as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the first woman to hold this office.  She had been approved by the Legislature a few days earlier.

1977 ~ The first Chicago Marathon was held.  Approximately 4,200 runners participated.

1974 ~ The first ulnar collateral ligament replacement surgery was performed on baseball player Tommy John.  This surgery is now referred to as Tommy John surgery.

1957 ~ The United States Army stood guard as nine African-American students began classes during ordered integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

1942 ~ The Swiss Police Instruction of September 25, 1942 went into effect, which denied Jewish refugees entry into Switzerland during World War II.

1911 ~ Ground was broken for the construction of Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox.

1890 ~ The U.S. Congress established Sequoia National Park in California.

1789 ~ The United States Congress passed the Bill of Rights, the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution.

1775 ~ During the American Revolutionary War, Ethan Allen (1738 ~ 1789) surrendered to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe.

1513 ~ Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475 ~ 1519) reached what would become known as the Pacific Ocean, thereby becoming the first recorded European to have discovered this Ocean coming from the East.

1237 ~ England and Scotland signed the Treaty of York, thereby establishing the location of their common border.

Good-Byes:

2012 ~ Andy Williams (né Howard Andrew Williams, b. 1927), American singer and entertainer, who is considered the last of the great easy-listening crooners.  He died at age 84.

2011 ~ Wangari Maathai (b. 1940), Kenyan environmentalist who fought for Africa’s forests.  She was recipient of the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize.  She was the first African woman to win this prize for her work in sustainable development.  She died at age 71.

2005 ~ Don Adams (b. 1923), American actor, best known for his role as Maxwell Smart on the TV sit-com, Get Smart.  He died at age 82.

2003 ~ George Plimpton (b. 1927), American writer and actor.  He died at age 76.

2003 ~ Franco Modigliani (b. 1918), Italian economist and 1985 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics.  He died at ag e85.

1999 ~ Marion Zimmer Bradley (d. 1930), American writer.  She died at age 69.

1995 ~ Annie Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany (b. 1891) African-American dentist and author.  She and her older sister, Sarah Delany wrote the book, Having Our Say: The First 100 Years.  The book was published when both sisters were over 100 years old.  Sarah Delany died at age 109 and Bessie died at age less than 3 weeks after her 104^th birthday.

1986 ~ Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (b. 1896), Russian chemist and recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  He died at age 90.

1971 ~ Hugo Black (b. 1886), Associate Justice on the United States Supreme Court.  He was appointed to the High Court by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.  He served on the Court from August 1837 until his death at age 85 on this date 34 years later.

1970 ~ Erich Marie Remarque (b. 1898), German author, best known for his World War I novel, All Quiet on the Western Front.  He died at age 72.

1960 ~ Emily Post (b. 1873), American etiquette expert.  She died at age 87.

1849 ~ Johann Strauss, I (b. 1804), Austrian composer.  He died at age 45.

1777 ~ Johann Heinrich Lambert (b. 1728), Swiss mathematician.  He died a month after his 49^th birthday.

1534 ~ Pope Clement VII (né Giulio di Giuliano de’Medici, b. 1478).  He was Pope from 1523 until his death at age 56 12 years later.

September 21

Birthdays:

1957 ~ Ethan Coen, American film director and screenwriter.

1950 ~ Bill Murray, American actor and comedian.

1947 ~ Stephen King, American suspense and horror author.  He is from Maine and graduated from the University of Maine.

1945 ~ Jerry Bruckheimer, American film and television producer.

1944 ~ Hamilton Jordan (né William Hamilton McWhorter Jordan, d. 2008), 8^th White House Chief of Staff.  He was the political advisor who had President Jimmy Carter’s ear.  He died at age 63.

1944 ~ Fanny Flagg (née Patricia Neal), American actress, comedian and writer.  She is best known for her novel, Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café.

1941 ~ R. James Woolsey, Jr. (né Robert James Woolsey, Jr.), 16^th Director of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.  He served in the Bill Clinton administration.

1940 ~ Bill Kurtis, American journalist.

1936 ~ Diane Rehm, American radio host.

1934 ~ Leonard Cohen, Canadian songwriter.

1931 ~ Larry Hagman (d. 2012), American actor best known for his role as J.R. Ewing on the TV series, Dallas.  His mother was the stage actress, Mary Martin.  He died at age 81.

1930 ~ Romulus Linney (d. 2011), American playwright who drew on his Southern boyhood.  He died at age 80.

1926 ~ Donald Glaser (d. 2013), American physicist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physics.  He died at age 86.

1917 ~ Phyllis Nicholson (d, 1968), English mathematician.  She died of cancer less than 3 weeks after her 51^st birthday.

1914 ~ John Werner Kluge (d. 2010), German-born immigrant to the United States who built a media empire.  He died 2 weeks before his 96^th birthday.

1903 ~ Preston Tucker (d. 1956), American automobile designer.  He was the subject of the 1988 movie, Tucker: The Man and His Dreams, starring Jeff Bridges.  Preston Tucker died at age 59 of pneumonia.

1902 ~ Sir Allen Lane (d. 1970), British publisher and founder of Penguin Books.  He died at age 67.

1892 ~ Eddie Cantor (né Isidore Itzkowitz, d. 1964), American singer and actor.  He died about 3 weeks after his 72^nd birthday.

1884 ~ Dénes Kőnig (d. 1944), Hungarian mathematician.  He died less than a month after his 60^th birthday.

1874 ~ Gustav Holst (d. 1934), English composer.  He died at age 59 of heart failure following ulcer surgery.

1867 ~ Henry L. Stimson (d. 1950), 46^th United States Secretary of State.  He served in this Office during the Herbert Hoover administration from March 1929 until March 1933.  He previously served as the 45^th United States Secretary of War during the William Howard Taft administration from May 1911 until March 1913.  He served in this Office as the 54^th United States Secretary of War during the Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman administration from July 1940 until September 1945.  He died at age 83.

1866 ~ H.G. Wells (né Herbert George Wells, d. 1946), English writer.  He is best known for his novels such as The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds and The Island of Doctor Moreau.  He died at age 79.

1866 ~ Charles Nicolle (d. 1936), French bacteriologist and recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in the identification of lice as transmitters of typhus.  He died at age 69.

1853 ~ Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (d. 1926), Dutch physicist and recipient of the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 72.

1849 ~ Maurice Barrymore (né Herbert Arthur Chamberlayne Blythe, d. 1905), he was patriarch of the Barrymore family.  He died at age 55.  Drew Barrymore can thank her lucky stars for him!

1788 ~ Margaret Taylor (d. 1853), First Lady of the United States and wife of President Zachary Taylor.  She served as First Lady during her husband’s Presidency from March 1849 until her husband’s death July 9, 1850.  During her time in the White House, she was in ill health and the hostessing duties of being First Lady fell heavily upon her youngest daughter, Mary Elizabeth “Betty” Taylor (1824 ~ 1909).  Margaret Taylor died at age 63.

1758 ~ Christopher Gore (d. 1827), 8^th Governor of Massachusetts.  He served as Governor from May 1898 until June 1810.  He died at age 67.

1756 ~ John McAdam (d. 1836).  Scottish engineer, road builder and inventor.  Without his invention would we still be driving on dirt roads?  He died at age 80.

1645 ~ Louis Joliet (d. 1700), Canadian explorer.  He was last seen in May 1700 as he went out on a expedition in what is now Quebec, Canada.  He is believed to have died shortly thereafter at about age 54 or 55.

1452 ~ Girolamo Savonarola (d. 1498), Italian-Dominican priest and philosopher.  He tried to reform the Church and was subsequently excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI.  He was executed at age 45.

1415 ~ Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1493).  He was known as Frederick the Peaceful.  He died at age 77.

Events that Changed the World:

2005 ~ Hurricane Rita struck the Gulf Coast.

1999 ~ A massive earthquake, called the Chi-Chi earthquake, in Taiwan kill approximately 2500 people.

1981 ~ Sandra Day O’Connor (b. 1930) was unanimously approved by the US Senate as the first female Supreme Court Justice.  She served on the Court from 1981 until her retirement in 2006.

1972 ~ Ferdinand Marcos (1917 ~ 1989) placed The Philippines under martial law.

1970 ~ The New York Times began the first modern op-ed page.  Who know that was so recent!

1942 ~ This date marked Yom Kippur.  Jews throughout Poland and the Ukraine were either sent to concentration camps or were executed.  While this was a common practice by the Nazis, it was particularly horrific as it occurred on the holiest day of the Jewish year.

1938 ~ The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 made landfall in New England.  Hurricanes rarely have a direct impact on the northern States.  This was the first recorded major hurricane to strike in New York and New England.  It was the costliest hurricane to hit the northeast until Hurricane Sandy in 2012.

1937 ~ The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien (1892 ~ 1973) was first published.

1898 ~ The Empress Dowager Cixi (1935 ~ 1908) seized power in China, becoming the de facto ruler over the Manchu Qing Dynasty.  Her actions on this date ended the Hundred Days’ Reform in China.

1897 ~ The famous Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus editorial was published in The New York Sun newspaper.  Virginia O’Hanlon (1889 ~ 1971), began to question the existence of Santa Claus, so she wrote to her newspaper.  The paper responded in the affirmative, addressing the philosophical rational for believing in St. Nick.

1843 ~ John Williams Wilson (1798 ~ 1857) took possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.

1792 ~ During the period of the French Revolution, the French National Convention declared France a republic and abolished the absolute monarchy.

1780 ~ Benedict Arnold gave the British the plans to West Point.

Good-Byes:

2012 ~ Sven Hassel (b. 1917), Danish novelist who humanized German soldiers from the World War II era.  He died at age 95.

1998 ~ Florence Griffith Joyner (b. 1959), American athlete.  She was known as Flo-Jo.  She died of an epileptic seizure at age 38.

1974 ~ Jacqueline Susann (b. 1918), American novelist, best known for her book, The Valley of the Dolls.  She died of breast cancer at age 56.

1974 ~ Walter Brennan (b. 1894), American actor.  He is best known for his role on the TV show, The Real McCoys.  He died at age 80.

1971 ~ Bernardo Houssay (b. 1887), Argentine physiologist and recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role of the pituitary homes in regulating blood sugar levels.  He died at age 84.

1961 ~ Hilda Doolittle (b. 1886), American poet and novelist.  She died 11 days after her 75^th birthday.

1957 ~ King Haakon VII of Norway (né Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel, b. 1872).  He was King of Norway from November 1905 until his death at age 85 on this date 52 years later.

1939 ~ Armand Călinescu (b. 1893), 39^th Prime Minister of Romania.  He served as Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination on this date six months later.  He was 46 at the time of his death.

1904 ~ Chief Joseph (b. 1840), Nez Perce leader.  He died at age 64.

1880 ~ Manuel Montt (b. 1809), Chilean politician and 6^th President of Chile.  He died less than three weeks following his 71^st birthday.

1832 ~ Sir Walter Scott, 1^st Baronet (b. 1771), Scottish writer and poet.  He died at age 61.

1576 ~ Gerolamo Cardano (b. 1501), Italian mathematician.  He died 3 days before his 75^th birthday.

1558 ~ Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500).  He died at age 58.

1327 ~ King Edward II of England (b. 1284).  He died at age 43.

1235 ~ King Andrew II of Hungary (b. 1175).  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 57 or 58 at the time of his death.

687 ~ Pope Conon (b. 630).  He was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death just under a year later.  He is believed to have been 57 at the time of his death.

19 BCE ~ Virgil (b. 70 BCE), Roman poet.  The traditional date ascribed to Virgil’s death.  He is believed to have been 50 when he died.