Birthdays:
1992 ~ Leilani Jordon (d. Apr. 1, 2020), African-American grocery store clerk from Largo, Maryland who suffered from cerebral Palsy. She kept working through the Coronavirus because she wanted to help people. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. She died at age 27 from complications of Covid-19.
1973 ~ Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player. He was born in Aichi, Japan.
1962 ~ Bob Odenkirk (né Robert John Odenkirk), American actor and comedian. He was born in Berwyn, Illinois.
1952 ~ Jeff Goldblum (né Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum), American actor. He was born in West Homestead, Pennsylvania.
1943 ~ Catherine Deneuve (née Catherine Fabienne Dorléac), French actress. She was born in Paris, France.
1942 ~ Annette Funicello (née Annette Joanne Funicello; d. Apr. 8, 2013), American actress. She was one of the original Mickey Mouseketeers. She was born in Utica, New York. She died at age 70 of complications from multiple sclerosis in Bakersfield, California.
1942 ~ Stanley Chera (né Stanley Isaac Chera; d. Apr. 11, 2020), American real estate mogul who was a friend of President Trump and a major campaign donor. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of complications of Covid-19 in New York, New York at age 77.
1938 ~ Sir Derek Jacobi (né Derek George Jacobi), English actor. He was born in Leytonstone, Essex, England.
1938 ~ Christopher Lloyd (né Christopher Allen Lloyd), America actor. He was born in Stamford, Connecticut.
1936 ~ Bobby Seale (né Robert George Seale), African-American political activist and co-founder of the Black Panther Party. He was born in Liberty, Texas.
1931 ~ Ann Rule (née Ann Rae Stackhouse; d. July 26, 2015), American true-crime writer who profiled serial killers. She began her career as a police officer. She was born in Lowell, Michigan. She died in Burien, Washington at age 83.
1925 ~ Robert Rauschenberg (né Milton Ernest Rauschenberg; d. May 12, 2008), American graphic artist. He was born in Port Arthur, Texas. He died of heart failure at age 82 in Captiva, Florida.
1921 ~ Alexander Kronrod (d. Oct. 6, 1986), Russian mathematician. He was born and died in Moscow, Russia. He died 16 days before his 65th birthday.
1920 ~ Timothy Leary (né Timothy Francis Leary; b. May 31, 1996), American psychologist and proponent of the use of psychedelic drugs, such as LSD. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He died of prostate cancer at age 75 in Beverly Hills, California.
1919 ~ Doris Lessing (née Doris May Tayler; d. Nov. 17, 2013), English plainspoken novelist who rejected the feminist label. She was the recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was born in Kermanshah, Iran. She died 26 days after her 94th birthday in London, England.
1917 ~ Joan Fontaine (née Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland; d. Dec. 15, 2013), English American actress who stayed clear of her sister, Olivia de Havilland. She was born in Tokyo, Japan. She died at age 96 in Carmel Highlands, California.
1915 ~ Yitzhak Shamir (né Yitzhak Yezernitsky; d. June 30, 2012), Prime Minister of Israel. He served as Prime Minister for two terms. His first term ran from October 1983 until September 1984. His second term ran from October 1986 until July 1992. He was born in Russia. He died at age 96 in Tel Aviv.
1913 ~ Robert Capa (né Endre Friedmann; d. May 25, 1954), Hungarian photographer and journalist. He fled to Germany from Hungary as a teenager for political reasons. While witnessing the rise of Hitler, he fled to Paris. He was a well-known war correspondent. He was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. While covering the Indochina war, he stepped on a landmine and was killed. He was 40 years old.
1906 ~ Aurelio Baldor (d. Apr. 2, 1978), Cuban mathematician and lawyer. He was born in Havana, Cuba. He died of pulmonary emphysema at age 71 in Miami, Florida.
1903 ~ Curly Howard (né Jerome Lester Horwitz; d. Jan. 18, 1952), American actor and comedian. He was one of the Three Stooges. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 48 in San Gabriel, California.
1903 ~ George Beadle (né George Wells Beadle; d. June 9, 1898), American geneticist and recipient of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in Wahoo, Nebraska. He died at age 85 in Pomona, California.
1898 ~ Oscar Chapman (né Oscar Littleton Chapman; d. Feb. 8, 1978), 34th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Harry S. Truman from December 1949 until January 1953. He was born in Omega, Halifax County, Virginia. He died at age 81 in Washington, D.C.
1897 ~ Ettore Boiardi (d. June 21, 1985), Italian-born chef and founder of Chef Boyardee. His Anglicized name was Hector Boyardee. He was born in Piacenza, Italy. He died at age 87 in Parma, Ohio.
1895 ~ Rolf Nevanlinna (né Rolf Herman Neovius; d. May 28, 1980), Finnish mathematician. He was sympathetic to Nazi Germany during World War II. He died at age 84 in Helsinki, Finland.
1887 ~ John Reed (né John Silas Reed; d. Oct. 17, 1920), American journalist and socialist activist. He is best remembered for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution in his book Ten Days that Shook the World. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He died in Moscow of spotted typhus just 5 days before his 33rd birthday.
1882 ~ N.C. Wyeth (né Newell Convers Wyeth, d. Oct. 19, 1945), American artist and illustrator. He was born in Needham, Massachusetts. He was killed in a car accident when the vehicle he was in was struck by a freight train in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. The accident occurred 3 days before his 63rd birthday.
1881 ~ Clinton Davisson (né Clinton Joseph Davisson; d. Feb. 1, 1958), American physicist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Bloomington, Illinois. He died at age 76 in Charlottesville, Virginia.
1870 ~ Ivan Bunin (né Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin; d. Nov. 8, 1953), Russian author and recipient of the 1933 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Voronezh, Russia. He died 2 weeks after his 83rd birthday in Paris, France.
1859 ~ Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (d. Nov. 23, 1949), member of the Bavarian royal family. In 1883, he married Infanta María de la Paz of Spain. He was of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the son of Prince Adalbert of Bavaria and Infanta Amalia of Spain. He was the grandson of Ludwig I, King of Bavaria. He died about a month after his 90th birthday.
1858 ~ Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. Apr. 11, 1921), German Empress consort and 1st wife of Wilhelm II, German Emperor. They married in 1881. She was the last German empress. She was of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. She was the daughter of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. She died at age 62.
1844 ~ Sarah Bernhardt (née Henriette-Rosine Bernard; d. Mar. 26, 1923), French actress. Her birth date is sometime noted as being on October 23, 1844. She was born and died in Paris, France. She died at age 78.
1811 ~ Franz Liszt (d. July 31, 1886), Hungarian pianist and composer. He died at age 74.
1781 ~ Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France (d. June 4, 1789), heir apparent to the French throne. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis XVI, King of France and Marie Antoinette. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 7 of tuberculosis so was never king. His parents were executed during the French revolution.
1780 ~ John Forsyth, Sr. (d. Oct. 21, 1841), 13th United States Secretary of State. He served under Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren from July 1834 until March 1841. He was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He died 1 day before his 61st birthday in Washington, D.C.
1701 ~ Maria Amalia of Austria (d. Dec. 11, 1756), Empress consort of the Holy Roman Emperor. She was the wife of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor. They married in 1722. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 55.
1689 ~ John V, King of Portugal (d. July 31, 1750). He ruled from December 1706 until his death in July 1750. He was known as John the Magnanimous. He was married to Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria. He was of the House of Braganza. He was the son of Peter II, King of Portugal and Maria Sophia of Neuburg. He was born and died in Lisbon, Portugal. He died at age 60.
1587 ~ Joachim Jungius (né Joachim Junge; d. Sept. 23, 1657), German mathematician and philosopher. He died a month before his 70th birthday in Hamburg, Germany.
1511 ~ Erasmus Reinhold (d. Feb. 19, 1553), German astronomer and mathematician. He died at age 41.
955 ~ Qian Weijun (d. 991), 5th and last king of the Wuyue of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The exact date of his death is not known, but he is believed to have been about 35 or 36 years old.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Same-sex marriage became legalized and abortion was decriminalized in Northern Ireland.
2015 ~ Hillary Clinton (b. 1946) testified for 11 hours before a Congressional Committee on the Benghazi attacks.
2012 ~ Lance Armstrong (b. 1971) was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles for steroid use.
2005 ~ Tropical Storm Alpha formed in the Atlantic basic, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season one of the most active, with a record 22 named storm, which included the devastating Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The storm formed in October 22, 2005 and dissipated on October 24, 2005.
1976 ~ Red Dye No. 4 was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it was found to cause cancer in animals. The dye is still used in Canada.
1968 ~ After orbiting the Earth 163 times, Apollo 7, commanded by Wally Schirra (1923 ~ 2007), safely splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean.
1966 ~ The Supremes became the first all-female musical group to reach a Number 1 selling album ~ The Supremes A’Go-Go.
1964 ~ Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 ~ 1980) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, however, he turned down the award on the grounds that he always declined official honors.
1964 ~ The Maple Leave was selected by a Canadian Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee to be the new official flag of Canada.
1934 ~ Bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd (1904 ~ 1934) was shot and killed by FBI agents in East Liverpool, Ohio.
1910 ~ Dr. H.H. Crippen (1862 ~ 1910) was convicted of poisoning his wife. He would subsequently be hanged in about a month after his conviction. His story is told in Erik Larson’s 2006 book, Thunderstruck.
1884 ~ Greenwich in London, England was adopted as Universal Time Meridian of Longitude by the International Meridian Conference.
1883 ~ The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opened. The first performance was Faust by Charles Gounod (1818 ~ 1893).
1836 ~ Sam Houston (1793 ~ 1863) became the first President of the Republic of Texas.
1777 ~ In the Battle of Red Bank during the American Revolutionary War, American forces at Fort Mercer repulsed repeated attacks by Hessian soldiers.
1746 ~ The College of New Jersey, now known as Princeton University, received its charter.
1739 ~ The War of Jenkins’ Ear began. It was a conflict between Britain and Spain that lasted nearly a decade. The conflict took place in New Granada and the Caribbean. The name refers to Robert Jenkins, a British sea merchant, whose ear was severed by Spanish pirates.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Peter Scolari (né Peter Thomas Scolari; b. Sept. 12, 1955), American actor. He is best known for his role as Michael Harris on Newhart, and Tom Hanks pal Henry Desmond on Bosom Buddies. He was born in New Rochelle, New York. He died of leukemia at age 66 in Manhattan, New York.
2019 ~ Sadako Ogata (née Sadako Nakamura; b. Sept. 16, 1927), Japanese “diminutive giant” who helped millions of refugees. She was born and died in Tokyo. She was a Japanese diplomat and was the first woman to head the United Nations High Commission for Refugees. She helped to change the United Nations rules regarding help for refugees. She died at age 92 in Toyko, Japan.
2018 ~ Eugene Peterson (né Eugene Hoiland Peterson; v. Nov. 6, 1932), American Presbyterian theologian, scholar, and author. He was born in Stanwood Washington. He died 15 days before his 86th birthday in Lakeside, Montana.
2013 ~ J. Robinson Risner (né James Robinson Risner; b. Jan. 16, 1925), American ace pilot who led the Hanoi Hilton POWs during the Vietnam War. He was a leader among American prisoners of War. He was born in Mammoth Spring, Arkansas. He died at age 88 in Bridgewater, Virginia.
2012 ~ Russell Means (né Russell Charles Means; b. Nov. 10, 1939), Native American rabble-rouser who fought for American Indians. He was born and died in Porcupine, South Dakota. He died of esophageal cancer 18 days before his 73rd birthday.
2009 ~ Soupy Sales (né Milton Supman; b. Jan. 8, 1926), American comedian and actor who relished pies in the face. He was born in Franklinton, North Carolina. He died at age 83 in The Bronx, New York.
2009 ~ Irene Fischer (née Irene Kaminka; b. July 27, 1907), Austrian-American mathematician. She and her family fled Nazi Austria in 1939. She was born in Vienna, Austria. She died in Boston, Massachusetts at age 102.
2007 ~ Ève Curie Labouisse (née Ève Denise Curie; b. Dec. 6, 1904), French journalist. She was the youngest daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie. She was born in Paris, France. She died at age 102 in New York, New York.
2006 ~ Nelson de la Rosa (b. Sept. 6, 1968), Dominican-born little person who was the Boston Red Sox’s good luck charm. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 38 years old at the time of his death.
1998 ~ Francis W. Sargent (né Francis Williams Sargent; b. July 29, 1915), 64th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as governor from January 22, 1969 through January 2, 1975. He was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts. He died at age 83 in Dover, Massachusetts.
1998 ~ Eric Ambler (né Eric Clifford Ambler; b. June 28, 1909), English writer. He is best known for his spy novels. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 87.
1986 ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi (b. Sept. 16, 1893), Hungarian physiologist and biochemist credited with discovering vitamin C and the importance of the citric acid cycle. He was the 1937 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. He died in Woods Hole, Massachusetts at age 93.
1975 ~ Arnold Toynbee (né Arnold Joseph Toynbee; b. Apr. 14, 1889), British historian. He was born in London, England. He died at age 86 in York, England.
1973 ~ Pablo Casals (b. Dec. 29, 1876), Spanish cellist and conductor. He died at age 96 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
1965 ~ Paul Tillich (né Paul Johannes Tillich; b. Aug. 20, 1886), German-born American Christian theologian. He died at age 79 in Chicago, Illinois.
1934 ~ Pretty Boy Floyd (né Charles Arthur Floyd; b. Feb. 3, 1904), American gangster and notorious bank robber. He was born in Adairsville, Georgia. He was shot and killed by FBI agents in East Liverpool, Ohio. He was 30 years old.
1926 ~ John G. Shedd (né John Graves Shedd; b. July 20, 1850), American businessman and second president of Marshall Fields & Company. He began working at Marshall Fields as a stock clerk and worked his way up the corporate ladder. The Shedd Aquarium in Chicago is named in his honor. He was born in Alstead, New Hampshire. He died of appendicitis at age 76 in Chicago, Illinois.
1906 ~ Paul Cézanne (b. Jan. 19, 1839), French painter. He was born and died in Aix-en-Provence at age 67.
1900 ~ John Sherman (b. May 10, 1823), 35th United States Secretary of State. He served under President William McKinley from March 1897 until April 1898. He had previously served as the 32nd United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Rutherford B. Hayes administration from March 1877 until March 1881. He is best known for being the prime mover of the Sherman Antitrust Act that became law in 1890. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio. He died at age 77 in Washington, D.C.
1895 ~ Oliver Ames (b. Feb. 4, 1831), 35th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as governor from January 1887 to January 1890. He was born and died in Easton, Massachusetts. He died at age 64.
1853 ~ Juan Antonio Lavalleja (b. June 24, 1784), Uruguayan general and President of Uruguay. He is best remembered as a rebel who led the fight against Brazil. He died at age 68.
1775 ~ Peyton Randolph (b. Sept. 10, 1721), Early American and 1st President of the Continental Congress. He served from September 1774 until October 1774. He served a second term, and 3rd President, from May 10, 1775 until May 24, 1775. He was born in Williamsburg, Colony of Virginia, British America. He died at age 54 in Philadelphia, Colony of Pennsylvania, British America.
1751 ~ William IV, Prince of Orange (b. Sept. 1, 1711). He was the first stadtholder of All the Provinces of the Netherlands. He held this position from May 1747 until his death in October 1751. In 1734, he married Anne, Princess Royal of England. He was of the House of Orange-Nassau. He was the son of John William Friso, Prince of Orange and Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel. He died of a stroke at age 40.
1725 ~ Alessandro Scarlatti (né Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti; b. May 2, 1660), Italian composer. He died at age 65 in Naples, Italy.
1383 ~ Ferdinand I, King of Portugal (b. Oct. 31, 1345). He reigned as King from January 1367 until his death, probably from poisoning, at age 37 in 1383. He was known as Ferdinand the Handsome and Ferdinand the Inconsistent. He married Leonor Teles in 1372. He was of the House of Burgundy. He was the son of Peter I, King of Portugal and Constanza Manuel. He died 9 days before his 38th birthday. His death led to the 1383-1385 crisis, known as the Portuguese interregnum.
741 ~ Charles Martel (b. late 600s), Duke and Prince of the Franks. He reigned from 718 until his death in 741. He was married twice. His first wife was Rotrude of Trier. His second wife was Swanachild. He was the founder of the Carolingian House. He was the son of Pepin of Herstal and Alpiada. He was Roman Catholic. He is believed to have been between 50 and 65 at the time of his death.
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