Birthdays:
1997 ~ Naomi Osaka, Haitian-Japanese tennis player. She was born in Osaka, Japan.
1977 ~ John Mayer (né John Clayton Mayer), American musician. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
1975 ~ Kellie Martin (née Kellie Noelle Martin), American actress. She was born in Riverside, California.
1962 ~ Manute Bol (d. June 19, 2010), Sudanese basketball player. At 7 ft. 7 in, he was one of the tallest NBA basketball players. He was born in Turalea, Sudan. He died of kidney failure at age 47 in Charlottesville, Virginia.
1958 ~ Tim Robbins (né Timothy Francis Robbins), American actor and film director. He was born in West Covina, California.
1948 ~ André Leon Talley (d. Jan. 18, 2022), African-American fashion outsider who became a tastemaker. He was the first African-American male creative director at Vogue magazine. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died at age 73 in White Plains, New York of complications of a heart attack and Covid-19.
1947 ~ Stephan Kamholz (d. June 11, 2020), American chair of medicine at the Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York. He kept working on the front lines of the coronavirus pandemic even though his age made him highly vulnerable to the disease. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died of complications of Covid-19 at age 72 in Brooklyn, New York.
1945 ~ Roger Hawkins (d. May 20, 2021), American soulful drummer who powered the Muscle Shoals sound. He was born in Mishawaka, Indiana. He died at age 75 in Sheffield, Alabama.
1931 ~ Charles Colson (né Charles Wendell Colson; d. Apr. 21, 2012), American attorney. He served as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison during the Nixon administration. He is best known as being the “hatchet man” during the Watergate scandal. He was the Nixon henchman who was born again. He pled guilty of obstruction of justice and spent several months in federal prison, where he became an evangelist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80 in Falls Church, Virginia.
1928 ~ Mary Daly (d. Jan. 3, 2010), American radical feminist lesbian philosopher and scholar who barred men from her classes. She taught at Boston College. She was born in Schenectady, New York. She died at age 81 in Gardner, Massachusetts.
1927 ~ Günter Grass (né Günter Wilhelm Grass; d. Apr. 13, 2015), German author and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is best known for his first novel The Tin Drum, published in 1959. His works examined the ugly side of Germany’s past. In 2006, Grass acknowledged his past as a member of the Waffen SS during World War II. He died at age 87.
1925 ~ Dame Angela Lansbury (née Angela Brigid Lansbury; d. Oct. 11, 2022), English-American actress. She played Jessica Fletcher on the long-running television series, Murder, She Wrote. She was born in London, England. She died 5 days before her 97th birthday.
1918 ~ Abraham Nemeth (d. Oct. 2, 2013), American mathematician. He was blind and is best known for developing a system allowing blind people to read and write mathematics. He was born in New York, New York. He died less than 2 weeks before his 95th birthday.
1916 ~ Louise Day Hicks (née Anna Louise Day; d. Oct. 21, 2003), American politician. She served in the United States House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts. She was born and died in Boston, Massachusetts. She died 5 days after her 87th birthday.
1898 ~ William O. Douglas (né William Orville Douglas; d. Jan. 19, 1980), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Franklin Roosevelt. He replaced Louis Brandeis on the Court. He was succeeded by John Paul Stevens. He served on the Court from April 1939 until November 1975. He was married 4 times. In 1966, at age 65, he married his 4th wife, Cathleen Heffernan. She was 22 years old. He was born in Maine Township, Minnesota. He died at age 81 in Bethesda, Maryland.
1890 ~ Michael Collins (d. Aug. 22, 1922), Irish revolutionary. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Irish Free State. He was killed during an Anti-Treaty ambush during the Irish Civil War. He was 31 at the time of his death.
1890 ~ Paul Strand (né Nathaniel Paul Stransky; d. Mar. 31, 1976), American photographer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 85 in Orgeval, France.
1888 ~ Eugene O’Neill (né Eugene Gladstone O’Neill; d. Nov. 27, 1953), American playwright and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Boston, Massachusetts at age 65.
1886 ~ David Ben-Gurion (né David Grün; d. Dec. 1, 1973), 1st and 3rd Prime Minister of Israel. He first served from May 1948 until January 1954. His second term ran from November 1955 through June 1963. He died at age 87 in Ramat Gan, Israel.
1863 ~ Sir Austen Chamberlain (né Joseph Austen Chamberlain; d. Mar. 17, 1937), English politician and recipient of the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the half-brother of British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain. He died at age 73 in London, England.
1854 ~ Oscar Wilde (né Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde; d. Nov. 30, 1900), Irish author and playwright. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. He died of meningitis at age 46 in Paris, France.
1847 ~ Maria Pia of Savoy (d. July 5, 1911), Queen consort of Portugal. She was the wife of Luís I, King of Portugal. They married in 1962. She was of the House of Savoy. She was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy and Adelaide of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 63.
1831 ~ Lucy Stanton (d. Feb. 18, 1910), African-American abolitionist and activist for woman’s rights. She was the first African-American woman to graduate a four-year college or university. She graduated from Oberlin College in 1850. She was born in Ohio. She died at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.
1815 ~ Francis Lubbock (né Francis Richard Lubbock; d. June 22, 1905), 9th Governor of Texas. He served as Governor from November 1861 until November 1863. He supported the Confederacy. He was born in Beaufort, South Carolina. He died at age 89 in Austin, Texas.
1806 ~ William P. Fessenden (né William Pitt Fessenden; d. Sept. 8, 1869), 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served under President Abraham Lincoln. He served as Treasurer from July 1864 until March 1865. He had subsequently served as a United States Senator from Maine. He was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire and died at age 62 in Portland, Maine.
1762 ~ Paul Hamilton (d. June 30, 1816), 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy. He was appointed to the position by President James Madison. He served in that Office from May 1809 until January 1813. He had previously served as the Governor of South Carolina from December 1804 until 1806. He died at age 53 in Beaufort, South Carolina.
1758 ~ Noah Webster, Jr. (d. May 28, 1758), American writer and lexicographer. He was the creator of the dictionary that bears his name. He was born and died in Connecticut. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He died at age 84 in New Haven, Connecticut.
1754 ~ Morgan Lewis (d. Apr. 7, 1844), 3rd Governor of New York. He served as Governor from July 1804 until June 1807. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 89.
1689 ~ Robert Smith (d. Feb. 2, 1768) English mathematician and musical theorist. He is believed to have been born in October 1689. He died at age 78.
1678 ~ Anna Waser (d. Sept. 20, 1714), Swiss painter. She died 26 days before her 36th birthday as a result of injuries sustained in a fall.
1430 ~ James II, King of Scotland, (d. Aug. 3, 1460). He was King of Scots from February 1437 until his death at age 29 in August 1460. He was married to Mary of Guelders. They married in 1449. He was of the House of Stewart. He was the son of James I, King of Scotland and Joan Beaufort. He was Roman Catholic. He was killed when a cannon that he was standing near exploded.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Early voting opened in Louisiana.
2020 ~ Coca-Cola discontinued the manufacture of Tab, its first diet soda.
2017 ~ Hurricane Ophelia stuck in the United Kingdom and Ireland causing major damage. No lives were lost, however, due to the storm. The storm had formed on October 9 and dissipated on October 18, 2017.
2016 ~ Sukkot began at sunset.
2002 ~ The Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Alexandria, Egypt, which commemorated the ancient and lost Library of Alexandria, was officially inaugurated.
1984 ~ South African Desmond Tutu (1931 ~ 2021) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1978 ~ Polish Wanda Rutkiewicz (1943 ~ 1992) became the first European woman to reach the top of K2 and the third European woman to climb Mount Everest.
1978 ~ Pope John Paul II (né Karol Wojtyla; 1920 ~ 2005) was elected Pope. He was the first non-Italian pope since Pope Adrian VI (1459 ~ 1523), who was Dutch.
1973 ~ German-American Henry Kissinger (b. 1923) and Vietnamese Lê Ðúc Thǫ (1911 ~ 1990) were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1968 ~ Yasunari Kawabata (1899 ~ 1972) became the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1968 ~ The Olympic Committee suspended track and field athletes Tommie Smith (b. 1944) and John Carlos (b. 1945) for giving the “Black Power” salute during the victory celebration at the Mexico City Olympic games. Their actions were deemed politicizing the Games.
1964 ~ Leonid Brezhnev (1906 ~ 1982) became the leader of the Soviet Communist Party.
1964 ~ China detonated its first nuclear weapon.
1962 ~ The Cuban Missile Crisis began after President John Kennedy (1917 ~ 1963) was informed of the photographs taken a few days earlier ostensibly showing Cuba had nuclear missiles. The crisis lasted another 13 days.
1946 ~ Ten of the Nuremberg defendants found guilty by the International Military Tribunal were executed by hanging. One defendant (Hermann Göring) committed suicide a day earlier, and one defendant (Martin Bormann) was found guilty in absentia.
1943 ~ The Raid of the Ghetto of Rome occurred when the Gestapo deported over 1,000 Jews to Auschwitz. Only 16 of the Roman Jews from this raid survived the Holocaust.
1940 ~ The Warsaw Ghetto was established during the Holocaust.
1923 ~ Walt Disney (1901 ~ 1966) and his brother, Roy Disney (1893 ~ 1971), founded the Walt Disney Company.
1916 ~ Margaret Sanger (1879 ~ 1966) opened the first family planning clinic in the United States. It was in Brooklyn, New York.
1875 ~ The Brigham Young University was founded in Provo, Utah.
1859 ~ John Brown (1800 ~ 1859) led a raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.
1847 ~ Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë (1816 ~ 1855) was first published.
1846 ~ William Morton (1819 ~ 1868) first demonstrated the use of ether anesthesia in the Ether Dome at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
1834 ~ Much of the ancient structure of Westminster Palace in London burned to the ground.
1793 ~ Marie Antoinette (1755 ~ 1793) was guillotined during the French Revolution.
1780 ~ The Great Hurricane of 1780 dissipated after 6 days. The storm killed approximately 22,000 people in the Lesser Antilles.
1384 ~ Jadwiga (1373 ~ 1399) was crowned King of Poland even though she was a woman. She ruled from October 1384 until her death in July 1399. She was of the Capetian House of Anjou.
690 ~ Empress Wu Zetian (624 ~ 705) ascended to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaimed herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Marguerite Littman (née Marguerite Lamkin; b. May 4, 1930), American Southern socialite who was the inspiration for Holly Golightly in Truman Capote’s novella Breakfast at Tiffany’s. She was also an HIV/AIDS activist. She was born in Monroe, Louisiana. She died in London, England at age 90.
2016 ~ Valerie Hunter Gordon (née Valerie Ziani de Ferrini; b. Dec. 7, 1921), British army wife who changed the diaper game. She developed the first commercially successful disposable diaper. She was born in Baslow, Derbyshire, England. She died at age Beauly, Scotland at age 94.
2012 ~ John A. Durkin (né John Anthony Durkin; d. Mar. 29, 1936), United States Senator from New Hampshire. He served in the Senate from September 1975 through December 1980. He was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts. He died at age 76 in Franklin, New Hampshire.
2012 ~ Eddie Yost (né Edward Frederick Joseph Yost; b. Oct. 13, 1926), American baseball player and coach. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died 3 days after his 86th birthday in Weston, Massachusetts.
2010 ~ Barbara Billingsley (née Barbara Lillian Combes; b. Dec. 22, 1915), American actress. She is best known for her role as June Cleaver on Leave It to Beaver. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She died at age 94 in Santa Monica, California.
2007 ~ Deborah Kerr (née Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer; b. Sept. 30, 1921), Scottish actress who was a proper leading lady. She is best remembered for the kiss scene with Burt Lancaster in From Here to Eternity. She was born in Glasgow, Scotland. She died 17 days after her 86th birthday.
2004 ~ Pierre Salinger (né Pierre Emil George Salinger; b. June 14, 1925), American journalist. He also served as 11thWhite House Press Secretary under Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from January 1961 until March 1964. He subsequently became a United States Senator from California. He served in the Senate from August through December 1964. He was born in San Francisco, California. He died of heart failure at age 79 in Cavaillon, France.
1999 ~ Jean Shepherd (né Jean Parker Shepherd, Jr.; b. July 26, 1921), American radio host. He is best known for the 1983 movie, A Christmas Story. He was bornin Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 78 in Fort Myers, Florida.
1997 ~ James Michener (né James Albert Michener; b. Feb. 3, 1907), American novelist best known for writing long historical sagas. He was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. He died at age 90 in Austin, Texas.
1992 ~ Shirley Booth (née Marjory Ford; b. Aug. 30, 1898), American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Hazel on the sit-com of the same name. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died in North Chatham, Massachusetts at age 94.
1981 ~ Moshe Dayan (b. May 20, 1915), Israeli general. He died of a massive heart attack at age 66 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1972 ~ Hale Boggs (né Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr.; b. Feb. 15, 1914), American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. He served in the United States House of Representatives. He is presumed to have died on October 16, 1972, but he was not officially declared dead until January 1973. He was in a small aircraft that disappeared in rural Alaska. He was born in Long Beach, Mississippi. He was 58 years old at the time of his disappearance. He was the father of journalist and correspondent Cokie Roberts.
1959 ~ George Marshall (né George Catlett Marshall, Jr.; b. Dec. 31, 1880), 50th United States Secretary of State and author of the Marshall Plan. He was the recipient of the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for being the architect of the Marshall Plan, the rebuilding of Europe following World War II. He served as Secretary of State under President Harry S Truman, from January 1947 until January 1949. He subsequently served as the 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, also during the Truman administration. He was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He died at age 78 in Washington, D.C.
1906 ~ Varina Davis (née Varina Anne Banks Howell; b. May 7, 1826), First Lady of the Confederate States of American and second wife of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. She was born in Natchez, Mississippi. She died at age 80 in New York, New York.
1888 ~ John Wentworth (b. Mar. 5, 1815), Mayor of Chicago. He served two non-consecutive terms as Mayor of Chicago. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois. He was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire. He died at age 73.
1881 ~ Louis A. Wiltz (né Louis Alfred Wiltz; b. Jan. 21, 1843), 29th Governor of Louisiana. He served as Governor for only a year and 10 months ~ from January 1880 until his death October 1881. He died in office at age 38 of tuberculosis. He had previously served as the 25th Mayor of New Orleans from November 1872 through November 1874. He was born and died in New Orleans.
1810 ~ Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (b. Apr. 4, 1772), Ukrainian Jewish religious leader and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement. He died at age 38.
1793 ~ Marie Antoinette (née Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; b. Nov. 2, 1755), Queen consort of France and Austrian wife of Louis XVI, King of France. She was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She was the daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Empress Maria Theresa. She was guillotined during the French Revolution. She was executed less than 3 weeks before her 38th birthday.
1791 ~ Prince Grigory Potemkin (b. Oct. 11, 1739), Russian statesman and military leader. This is the ascribed date of his birth in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Potemkin had a Russian battleship named after him. Potemkin is also the name of an early silent film. It has a great scene in which a baby carriage rolls down the Odessa Steps. He died 5 days after his 52nd birthday.
1730 ~ Antoine Laumet de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac (b. Mar. 5, 1658), French explorer and founder of Detroit, Michigan. His explorations took him from eastern Canada to Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. He was the third French Governor of Louisiana. Cadillac Mountain in Maine is named in his honor. He died at age 72.
1655 ~ Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (b. June 16, 1591), Greek-Italian physician, rabbi, music theorist and mathematician. He died at age 64.
1591 ~ Pope Gregory XIV (né Niccolò Sfondrato, b. Feb. 11, 1535). He was Pope from December 1590 until his death 10 months later. He died at age 56.
1590 ~ Archduchess Anna of Austria (b. July 7, 1528), Duchess consort of Bavaria. She was the wife of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. She died at age 62.
1553 ~ Lucas Cranach the Elder (b. 1472), German painter. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been about 80 or 81 at the time of his death.
1355 ~ Louis the Child, King of Sicily (b. Feb. 4, 1338). He ruled Sicily from 1342 until his death in 1355. He was just a child when he became king, hence is moniker. He never married but had two known illegitimate children. He was of the House of Barcelona. He was the son of Peter II, King of Sicily and Elizabeth of Carinthia. He died of the plague at age 17.
1333 ~ Antipope Nicholas V (né Pietro Rainalducci, b. 1260). The exact date of his birth is unknown.
385 ~ Fú Jiān (b. 337), Chinese Emperor of the Great Qin. He died at age 47. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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