Birthdays:
1968 ~ Hugh Jackman (né Michael Hugh Jackman), Australian actor. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
1963 ~ Lane Frost (né Lane Clyde Frost; d. July 30, 1989), American professional bull rider. He was born in La Junta, Colorado. He was killed in Cheyenne, Wyoming at age 25 from injuries sustained from being rammed by a bull he had just dismounted. His life and death were depicted in the 1994 movie 8 Seconds.
1959 ~ Anna Escobeldo Cabral, American politician and 42nd Treasurer of the United States. She served under President George W. Bush. She was the Treasurer from January 2005 until January 2009. She was born in San Bernardino, California.
1947 ~ Chris Wallace (né Christopher Wallace), American journalist and television anchor for Fox News. He is the son of journalist Mike Wallace. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1935 ~ Luciano Pavarotti (d. Sept. 6, 2007), Italian tenor. He was born and died in Modena, Italy. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 71 years old.
1935 ~ William Raspberry (né William James Raspberry; d. July 17, 2012), African-American journalist and syndicated columnist. He was born in Okolona, Mississippi. He died at age 76 in Washington, D.C.
1932 ~ Dick Gregory (né Richard Claxton Gregory; d. Aug. 19, 2017), African-American groundbreaking comedian who became a civil rights voice. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died at age 84 in Washington, D.C.
1925 ~ Essie Mae Washington-Williams (d. Feb. 4, 2013), African-American daughter of a famed segregationist. She was the daughter of United States Senator Strom Thurmond (1902 ~ 2003) and Carrie Butler, his family’s maid. She was born in Edgefield, South Carolina. She died at age 87 in Columbia, South Carolina.
1923 ~ Jean Nidetch (née Jean Evelyn Slutsky; d. Apr. 29, 2015), American housewife who was a co-founder of Weight Watchers. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died at age 91 in Parkland, Florida.
1896 ~ Eugenio Montale (d. Sept. 12, 1891), Italian poet and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Genoa, Kingdom of Italy. He died a month before his 85th birthday in Milan, Italy.
1894 ~ Elisabeth of Romania (d. Nov. 14, 1956), Queen consort of the Hellenes. She was married to George II, King of Greece. They divorced after 14 years of marriage. She was of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I, King of Romania and Marie of Edinburgh. She was Eastern Orthodox. She died just over a month after her 62nd birthday.
1891 ~ Edith Stein (d. Aug. 9, 1942), was a Carmelite Catholic nun. She was born Jewish but converted to Catholicism. During World War II, she was seized by the Nazis and was killed at Auschwitz. She was murdered at age 50. In 1998, Pope John Paul II canonized her as a saint.
1868 ~ August Horch (d. Feb. 3, 1951), German engineer and automobile pioneer. He was the founder of Audi. He died at age 82.
1866 ~ Ramsay MacDonald (né James MacDonald Ramsey; d. Nov. 9, 1937), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was the first Labor Party Prime Minister. He served for two terms, first from January 1924 until November 1924, and then from June 1929 until June 1935. Both terms were during the reign of George V, King of the United Kingdom. He died less than a month after his 71st birthday while aboard a North Atlantic sea voyage.
1865 ~ Sir Arthur Harden (d. June 17, 1940), English chemist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. He died at age 74.
1710 ~ Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. (d. Aug. 17, 1785), Governor of Connecticut. He served as the Governor of the Connecticut Colony from 1869 until 1776, then as the State of Connecticut from 1776 until 1784. He was born and died in Lebanon, Connecticut. He died at age 74.
1576 ~ Thomas Dudley (d. July 31, 1653), Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He served as the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for several terms. He was born in England. He died at age 76 in Roxbury, Massachusetts.
1558 ~ Maximilian II, Archduke of Austria (d. Nov. 2, 1618). He reigned over Further Austria from 1612 until his death in 1618. He never married. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died about 3 weeks after his 60th birthday.
1547 ~ Edward VI, King of England and Ireland (d. July 6, 1553). He ruled from 1547 until his death in July 1553. He was crowned king in 1547 at age 9. He never married. He was of the House of Tudor. He was the son of Henry VIII, King of England and Jane Seymour. He became ill and died at age 15, paving the way for Elizabeth I to become Queen.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Indeginous People’s Day observed in the United States.
2019 ~ The Hard Rock Hotel, which was under construction in New Orleans, collapsed. Three construction workers were killed and injuring numerous others. Due to the precarious collapse, the bodies could not be removed until nearly a year later. The final body was removed in August 2020.
2018 ~ Princess Eugenie (b. 1990), daughter of Prince Andrew (b. 1960) and Sarah Ferguson (b. 1959), married Jack Brooksbank (b. 1986).
2000 ~ The USS Cole was badly damaged in Yemen by two suicide bombers. Seventeen crew members were killed and at least 39 were wounded.
1992 ~ A 5.8 magnitude earthquake hit Cairo, Egypt killing at least 510 people.
1960 ~ Nikita Khrushchev (1894 ~ 1971), leader of the Soviet Union, disrupted a meeting at the United Nations General Assembly when he pounded his shoe on a desk to protest the Philippines assertion of Soviet Union colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe.
1933 ~ The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island was acquired by the United States Department of Justice and became a federal prison.
1931 ~ The Christ the Redeemer statute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was officially dedicated.
1928 ~ The Iron Lung respirator was first used at Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts on an 8-year-old girl who was nearly dead from polio. She quickly recovered her ability to breath.
1918 ~ A massive forest fire in Minnesota killed over 450 people.
1915 ~ Edith Cavell (1865 ~ 1915), a British nurse, was executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium during World War I.
1901 ~ President Theodore Roosevelt (1858 ~ 1919) officially renamed the Presidential manor, known as the Executive Mansion, to the White House.
1892 ~ The Pledge of Allegiance was first recited by students in public schools as part of the 400th anniversary celebration of Columbus’ voyage and discovery of America.
1856 ~ A major earthquake centered off Crete caused serious damage as far away as Egypt and Malta.
1823 ~ Charles Macintosh (1766 ~ 1843) of Scotland began selling raincoats. The name Macintosh is still used today for foul weather garments.
1810 ~ The first Oktoberfest took place when the Bavarian royalty invited the citizens of Munich to join their celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig (1786 ~ 1868) of Bavaria to Princess Theresa von Sachsen-Hildbrughausen (1792 ~ 1854).
1799 ~ Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse (1775 ~ 1847) became the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute. When she jumped, she was at an altitude of 900 meters.
1792 ~ The first celebration of Columbus Day was held in New York City.
1773 ~ The Eastern State Hospital, America’s first insane asylum, opened in Virginia.
1692 ~ William Phips (1650 ~ 1694), 1st Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, put an end to the Salem witch trials.
1654 ~ A gunpowder storage facility exploded and destroyed much of the city of Delft, Netherlands. Over 100 people were killed, and thousands were injured by the explosion.
1582 ~ Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this date did not exist this year in Italy, Poland, and Spain.
1492 ~ Christopher Columbus (1451 ~ 1506) was said to have landed on the Caribbean. He thought he had traversed the globe and had landed in India. The first Columbus Day celebration occurred in New York, 300 years later, in 1792.
539 BCE ~ The traditional day ascribed to when the army of Cyrus the Great (600 BCE ~ 530 BCE) of Persia captured Babylon.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Bernard S. Cohen (b. Jan. 17, 1934), American lawyer who fought for marriage equality. In 1963, while volunteering for the American Civil Liberties Union, he took the case of Loving v. Virginia to the United States Supreme Court. He believed that the Virginia law prohibiting mixed-race marriages was unconstitutional. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 86 in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
2020 ~ Roberta McCain (née Roberta Wright; b. Feb. 7, 1912), American maverick mother who raised Senator John McCain. She was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma. She died at age 108 in Washington, D.C.
2018 ~ Tom Jago (né Thomas Edward Jago; b. July 21, 1925), Cornish drinks guru who helped invent the world’s favorite liquors. He is known as being the creator of Baileys Irish Cream. He was born in Camelford, Cornwall, United Kingdom. He died at age 93.
2016 ~ Jack Greenberg (b. Dec. 22, 1924), American lawyer who won a landmark civil rights case. He became the only white lawyer for the NCAAP Legal Defense and Educational Fund in 1949. He was involved in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which ended segregation in public schools. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 91 in Manhattan, New York.
2015 ~ George Mueller (né George Edwin Mueller; b. July 16, 1918), American electrical engineer who spearheaded the Apollo Program. He headed NASA’s Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died at age 97 in Irvine, California.
2013 ~ Oscar Hijuelos (né Oscar James Hijuelos; b. Aug. 24, 1951), Cuban-American novelist who examined assimilation. He is best known for his novel The Mambo Kings. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 62 of a heart attack.
2010 ~ Belva Plain (née Belva Offenberg; b. Oct. 9, 1915), American novelist. She was born in New York, New York. She was born in New York, New York. She died 3 days after her 95th birthday in Short Hills, New Jersey.
2003 ~ Willie Shoemaker (né William Lee Shoemaker; b. Aug. 19, 1931), American jockey. He was born in Fabens, Texas. He died at age 72 in San Marino, California.
2003 ~ Joan Kroc (née Joan Beverly Mansfield; b. Aug. 27, 1928), American philanthropist and third wife of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald’s. Upon her death, she bequeathed millions of dollars to National Public Radio. She was born in West St. Paul, Minnesota. She died of a brain tumor at age 75 in Rancho Santa Fe, California.
2002 ~ Ray Conniff (né Joseph Raymond Conniff; b. Nov. 6, 1916), American composer and conductor. He was born in Attleboro, Massachusetts. He died 25 days before his 86th birthday in Escondido, California.
1999 ~ Wilt Chamberlain (né Wilton Norman Chamberlain; b. Aug. 21, 1936), African-American professional basketball player. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 63 in Bel Air, California.
1998 ~ Matthew Shepard (né Matthew Wayne Shepard; b. Dec. 1, 1976), American murder victim. He was tied to a fence and was brutally beaten because he was gay. He was born in Casper, Wyoming. He died in Fort Collins, Colorado. He was 21 years old at the time of his murder.
1997 ~ John Denver (né Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr.; b. Dec. 31, 1943), American singer. He was born in Roswell, New Mexico. He was killed at age 53 while piloting his experimental aircraft, which crashed in Monterey Bay, California.
1996 ~ René Lacoste (né Jean René Lacoste b. July 2, 1904), French tennis player. He created the polo shirt and was a co-founder of Lacoste clothing. He was nicknamed “the Crocodile” due to the way he treated his opponents, hence the logo of the Lacoste polo shirts. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 92.
1987 ~ Alf Landon (né Alfred Mossman Landon; b. Sept. 9, 1887), American politician and 26th Governor of Kansas. He was the Republican nominee in the 1936 Presidential race. He lost to Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was born in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania. He died about a month after his 100th birthday inTopeka, Kansas.
1985 ~ Johnny Olson (né John Leonard Olson; b. May 22, 1910), American radio host and game show announcer. He was born in Windom, Minnesota. He died at age 75 of a cerebral hemorrhage in Santa Monica, California.
1979 ~ Katharine Burr Blodgett (b. Jan. 10, 1898), American physicist and chemist. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Cambridge. She was born and died in Schenectady, New York. She died at age 81.
1978 ~ Nancy Spungen (née Nancy Laura Spungen; b. Feb. 27, 1958), American murder victim and girlfriend of Sid Vicious (né John Simon Ritchie; 1957 ~ 1979), of the Sex Pistols. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was killed in New York, New York. She was 20 years old at the time of her murder.
1971 ~ Dean Acheson (né Dean Gooderham Acheson; b. Apr. 11, 1893), 51st United States Secretary of State. He served under President Harry S Truman. He served in that Office from January 1949 until January 1953. He was born in Middletown, Connecticut. He died of a stroke at age 78 in Sandy Spring, Maryland.
1969 ~ Sonja Henie (b. Apr. 8, 1912), Norwegian figure skater. She won gold medals in skating in the 1928, 1932 and 1936 Olympics. She died from complications from leukemia while in flight from Oslo to Paris. She was born in Oslo, Norway. She was 57 years old at the time of her death.
1965 ~ Paul Hermann Müller (b. Jan. 12, 1899), Swiss chemist and recipient of the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of DDT in the control of vector diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. He died in Basel, Switzerland at age 66 following a short illness.
1940 ~ Tom Mix (né Thomas Hezikiah Mix; b. Jan. 6, 1880), American actor best known for his roles in Westerns as a cowboy. He was born in Mix Run, Pennsylvania. He was killed in a car accident at age 60 in Florence, Arizona.
1934 ~ Gertrude Käsebier (née Gertrude Stanton; b. May 18, 1852), American photographer known for her images of motherhood. She also made many portraits of Native Americans. She was born in Des Moines, Iowa. She died at age 82 in New York, New York.
1924 ~ Anatole France (né François-Anatole Thibault; b. Apr. 16, 1844), French writer and recipient of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 80 in Tours, France.
1921 ~ Philander C. Knox (né Philander Chase Knox; b. May 6, 1853), 40th United States Secretary of State. He served under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson from March 1909 until March 1913. He also served as the 44th United States Attorney General from April 5, 1901 until June 1904 during the administrations of President William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He died at age 68 in Washington, D.C., while serving a term as United States Senator from Pennsylvania.
1915 ~ Edith Cavell (née Edith Louisa Cavell; b. Dec. 4, 1865), English nurse. She served as a nurse in World War I and is known for caring for Allied soldiers who had escaped from German-occupied Belgium during the War. She was arrested for treason and found guilty by court-marshal for aiding Allied soldiers escape. She was executed by a German firing squad. She was 49 years old.
1914 ~ Margaret E. Knight (née Margaret Eloise Knight; b. Feb. 14, 1838), American inventor. She liked to tinker with things. She invented, among other things, the machine that folds and glues paper to form the flat-bottomed brown paper bags. She was born in York, Maine. When she died in Framingham, Massachusetts at age 76, she held 87 patents.
1870 ~ Robert E. Lee (né Robert Edward Lee; b. Jan. 19, 1807), American Confederate general and commander of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He was born in Stratford Hall, Virginia. He died at age 63 in Lexington, Virginia.
1864 ~ Roger B. Taney (né Roger Brooke Taney; b. Mar. 17, 1777), 5th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Andrew Jackson. He is best known for presiding over the Court when the Dred Scott decision was rendered. He served on the Court from March 1936 until his death at age 87 on October 12, 1864. Prior to serving on the Supreme Court, he served as the 11th United States Attorney General under President Jackson from July 1831 until November 1833, when he became the 12th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served in that position from September 1833 until June 1834. He was born in Calvert County, Maryland. He died in Washington, D.C.
1837 ~ Wilhelmine of Prussia (b. Nov. 18, 1774), Queen consort of the Netherlands and Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg. She was the first wife of William I, King of the Netherlands. She was of the House of Hohenzollern. She was the daughter of Frederick William II, King of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was a Calvinist. She died about a month before her 63rd birthday.
1730 ~ Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. Oct. 11, 1671). He reigned as King from August 1699 until his death. He was married three times. His first wife was Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. They married in 1695. His second wife was Elizabeth Helene von Vieregg. They married in 1703, although he had not divorced his first wife. His third wife, whom he had married in secret, was Anne Sophie Reventlow. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Christian V, King of Denmark and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel. He was Lutheran. He died 1 day after his 59th birthday.
1576 ~ Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. July 31, 1527). He ruled from July 1564 until his death in October 1576. In 1548, he married Archduchess Maria of Austria. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. He was Roman Catholic. He was born in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria. He died at age 49 in the Imperial City of Regensburg.
1492 ~ Piero della Francesca (b. 1415), Italian mathematician. He was born and died in Sansepolcro, Republic of Florence. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 77 at the time of his death.
1328 ~ Clementia of Hungary (b. 1293), Queen consort of France and Navarre. She was the second wife of Louis X, King of France. She was of the Capetian House of Anjou. She was the daughter of Charles Martel of Anjou and Clemence of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. The exact date of her birth is not known. She is believed to have been about age 34 or 35 at the time of her death.
642 ~ Pope John IV. He was Pope from December 24, 640 until his death on this date 2 years later. The date of his birth is not known.
638 ~ Pope Honorius I. He was Pope from October 27, 625 until his death on this date 13 years later. The date of his birth is not known.
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