Birthdays:
1993 ~ Bobbi Kristina Brown (d. July 26, 2015), American television personality. She was the daughter of Whitney Houston and Bobby Brown. She was born in Livingston, New Jersey. She died of a drug overdose, in a similar manner to her mother in Duluth, Georgia. She was 22 years old.
1971 ~ Emily Bazelon, American lawyer, and journalist. She is the cohost of Slate’s podcast Political Gabfest. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1965 ~ Khaled Hosseini, Afghan-American physician and author, whose best-selling books included The Kite Runner and 1000 Splendid Suns. He was born in Kabul, Afghanistan.
1961 ~ Steven Weber (né Steven Robert Weber), American actor. He was born in Queens, New York.
1958 ~ Patricia Heaton (née Patricia Helen Heaton), American actress, best known for her role as Frankie Heck on The Middle. She was born in Bay Village, Ohio.
1954 ~ Catherine O’Hara (née Catherine Anne O’Hara), Canadian actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1950 ~ Rick Perry (né James Richard Perry), 14th United States Secretary of Energy during the Trump Administration. He served in that Office from March 2017 through November 2019. He had previously served as the 47th Governor of Texas from December 2000 until January 2015. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2012 and the 2016 bid to win the Republican nomination for the Presidential election. He was born in Haskell, Texas.
1944 ~ Bobby Womack (né Robert Dwayne Womack; d. June 27, 2014), African-American soul music veteran who influenced the Rolling Stones. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died at age 70 in Tarzana, California.
1942 ~ Lynn Sherr, American journalist. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1938 ~ Paula Prentiss (née Paula Ragusa), American actress. She starred in the television sit-com, He & She, with her husband, Richard Benjamin. She was born in San Antonio, Texas.
1933 ~ Leon Wildes (d. Jan. 8, 2024), American lawyer who saved John Lennon from deportation. He specialized in immigration and refugee law. In 1959, Wildes served as Migrations Specialist with the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). He was born in Olyphant, Pennsylvania. He died in Manhattan, New York at age 90 following a series of strokes.
1932 ~ Miriam Makeba (née Zenzile Miriam Makeba; d. Nov. 9, 2008), South African singer-songwriter. She was known as Mama Africa. She was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. She died at age 76 in Castel Volturno, Italy.
1926 ~ Richard DeVos, Sr. (né Richard Marvin DeVos; d. Sept. 6, 2018), American Amway founder who bankrolled conservative causes. His daughter-in-law, Elizabeth DeVos, was the United States Secretary of Education during the Donald Trump administration. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He died at age 92 in Ada Township, Michigan.
1921 ~ Jane Fawcett (née Jane Carolin Hughes; d. May 21, 2016), British code breaker who helped sink the Bismarck. She was responsible for decoding a message that led to the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck. In 1941, while working at Bletchley Park, the home of British code breaking, she realized that an intercepted message revealed that the battleship was heading to the French port of Brest. Within 48 hours, the Royal Navy sank the vessel. In her later life, she became a heritage preservationist. She was born in London, England. She died at age 95 in Oxford, England.
1918 ~ Margaret Osborne DuPont (née Margaret Evelyn Osborne; d. Oct. 24, 2012), American tennis champion who played for the love of the game. She was married to William DuPont, Jr., who did not allow his wife to travel to Australia to compete in the Australian Open. She was born in Joseph, Oregon. She died at age 94 in El Paso, Texas.
1906 ~ Avery Fisher (né Albert Robert Fisher; d. Feb. 26, 1994), American audio specialist. He is best known for the design of the auditorium in the Lincoln Center cultural complex in Manhattan. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died 6 days before his 88th birthday in New Milford, Connecticut.
1906 ~ Charles Walgreen, Jr. (né Charles Rudolph Walgreen, Jr.; d. Feb. 10, 2007), American businessman and son of the founder of the Walgreen drug store chain. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died less than a month before his 101stbirthday in Northfield, Illinois.
1889 ~ Oscar Chisini (d. Apr. 10, 1967), Italian mathematician. He died at age 78 in Milan, Italy.
1888 ~ Knute Rockne (né Knute Kenneth Rockne; d. Mar. 31, 1931), Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. He was born in Voss, Norway. He was killed in an airplane crash in Kansas, while en route to participate in the film, The Spirit of Notre Dame. He died 27 days after his 43rd birthday.
1886 ~ Margrethe Mather (née Emma Caroline Youngreen; d. Dec. 24, 1952), American photographer. She was one of the best known photographers of her generation. She was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. She died at age 66 in Los Angeles, California.
1881 ~ Richard Tolman (né Richard Chace Tolman; d. Sept. 5, 1948), American mathematical physicist. He was born in West Newton, Massachusetts. He died at age 67 in Pasadena, California.
1877 ~ Garrett Morgan (d. July 27, 1963), African-American inventor. He is credited with inventing the gas mask, known at the time as a respiratory protective hood. He died at age 86 in Cleveland, Ohio.
1875 ~ Mihály Károlyi (d. Mar. 19, 1955), President of Hungary during the short-lived First Hungarian People’s Republic from January 1919 until March 1919. He died 15 days after his 80th birthday in exile in Vence, France.
1873 ~ John H. Trumbull (né John Harper Trumbull; d. May 21, 1961), 70th Governor of Connecticut. He served as Governor from January 1925 until January 1931. He was born in Ashford, Connecticut. He died at age 88 in Hartford, Connecticut.
1871 ~ Boris Galerkin (d. July 12, 1945), Russian mathematician. He died at age 74 in Moscow, Soviet Union.
1866 ~ Eugène Cosserat (né Eugène-Maurice-Pierre Cosserat; d. May 31, 1931), French mathematician and astronomer. He was born in Amiens, France. He died at age 65 in Toulouse, France.
1847 ~ Carl Josef Bayer (d. Oct. 4, 1904), Austrian chemist who invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite. He died at age 57.
1826 ~ John Buford (d. Dec. 16, 1863), American Union general who served the United States in the American Civil War. He is best known for his role during the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg by identifying, taking, and holding the “high ground” while in command of his division. He was born in Woodford County, Kentucky. He died of illness, possibly typhus, at age 37 in Washington, D.C.
1822 ~ Jules Antoine Lissajous (d. June 24, 1880), French mathematician. He was born in Versailles, France. He died at age 58.
1817 ~ Edwards Pierrepont (d. Mar. 6, 1892), 33rd Attorney General of the United States. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant from April 1875 until May 1876. He was born in North Haven, Connecticut. He died of a massive stroke 2 days after his 75th birthday in New York, New York.
1781 ~ Rebecca Gratz (d. Aug. 27, 1869), American-Jewish educator and philanthropist. She was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. She died at age 88 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1678 ~ Antonio Vivaldi (né Antonio Lucio Vavaldi; d. July 28, 1741), Italian composer. He was born in Venice, Republic of Venice. He died at age 63.
1394 ~ Prince Henry the Navigator (d. Nov. 13, 1460), member of the Portuguese royal family. He was a patron of early Portuguese exploration. He never married and had no known children. He was of the House of Aviz. He was the son of John I, King of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 66.
1188 ~ Infanta Blanche of Castile (d. Nov. 27, 1251), Queen consort of France and wife of Louis VIII, King of France (1187 ~ 1226). They married in 1200. They had several children, including Louis IX, King of France. She was of the House of Ivrea. She was the daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and Princess Eleanor of England. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 64.
895 ~ Liu Zhiyuan (d. Mar. 10, 948), Chinese emperor and founder of the Later Han Dynasty. He died 6 days after his 53rd birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Nik Wallenda (b. 1970) became the first person to walk on a steel cable across the Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua. The expand was 1,800 feet.
2018 ~ Sergei Skripall (b. 1951), a former Russian military intelligence officer and his daughter Yulia (b. 1985) were poisoned in Salisbury, England with a Russian-developed Novichok nerve agent. Both recovered.
1998 ~ In Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also applied when both parties are of the same sex. Justice Antonin Scalia (1936 ~ 2016) authored the opinion.
1985 ~ The United States Food and Drug Administration approved a blood test for AIDS.
1977 ~ The 1977 Vrancea earthquake struck in eastern and southern Europe. Most of the 1,500 casualties were from Bucharest, Romania.
1974 ~ People magazine was first published. Mia Farrow (b. 1945) graced the first cover.
1933 ~ The Hindenburg zeppelin made its maiden test flight. There were 87 passengers and crew on the initial flight. It then began carrying passengers for the next 18 months until it was destroyed trying to land in Lakehurst, New Jersey in May 1937.
1933 ~ Frances Perkins (1880 ~ 1965) became the 4th United States Secretary of Labor, thus becoming the first female member of United States Cabinet. She served under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) and Harry S Truman (1884 ~ 1972).
1933 ~ Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) was inaugurated as President for his first term. He was the last president to be inaugurated on March 4.
1918 ~ Spanish flu made its appearance at the start of a world-wide pandemic.
1917 ~ Jeannette Rankin (1880 ~ 1973) took her seat as a United States Representative from of Montana, became the first female member elected to the United States Congress. She is the only member of Congress to have voted against the United States’s participation and entry into both the World War I and World War II.
1913 ~ The United States Department of Labor came into being.
1901 ~ William McKinley (1843 ~ 1901) was inaugurated into his second term as President of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt (1858 ~ 1919) was inaugurated as Vice President.
1861 ~ The official flag of the Confederate State of America, the “Stars and Bars”, was adopted. A final version of the Confederate Flag would be adopted on this date by the Confederate Congress in 1865.
1837 ~ The city of Chicago became incorporated.
1797 ~ John Adams (1735 ~ 1826) was sworn in as the Second President of the United States.
1794 ~ The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. This Amendment deals with State’s sovereign immunity.
1791 ~ Vermont became the 14th State of the Union.
1789 ~ The United States Congress met for the first time under the provisions of the United States Constitution. They first met in New York City. The Bill of Rights was also drafted and proposed to Congress. This date of March 4 was Inauguration Day until 1937.
1681 ~ William Penn (1644 ~ 1718) was granted a land charter from Charles II, King of England (1630 ~ 1685) for an area that would later become Pennsylvania.
1665 ~ Charles II, King of England (1630 ~ 1685) declared war on the Netherlands, marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, a conflict between England and the Netherlands over the sea trade routes.
1628 ~ The Massachusetts Bay Colony was granted a Royal Charter.
1519 ~ Hernán Cortés (1485 ~ 1547) landed in what is now Mexico.
1493 ~ Christopher Columbus (1451 ~ 1506) returned to Portugal from his first exploratory voyage to the New World.
1461 ~ During the English War of the Roses, the Lancastrian Henry VI, King of England (1421 ~ 1471) was deposed by his Yorkist cousin, who became Edward IV, King of England (1442 ~ 1483).
1368 ~ Władysław II Jagiełło (d. 1434) was crowned King of Poland.
1351 ~ Ramathibodi I (1314 ~ 1369), became the King of Siam. He reigned until his death in 1369. He was known as Prince U Thong before he ascended to the throne.
1152 ~ Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (1122 ~ 1190), also known as Barbarossa, or Red Beard, was elected King of the Germans. He would later become the Holy Roman Emperor.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (b. Jan. 18, 1920), Peruvian diplomat and 5th General-Secretary of the United Nations. He served in this position from January 1982 through December 1991. He also served as the Prime Minister of Peru from November 2000 until July 2001. He was born and died in Lima, Peru. He died at age 100.
2019 ~ Luke Perry (né Coy Luther Perry, III; b. Oct. 11, 1966), American actor who was the 90210 hunk who became a teen obsession. He was born in Mansfield, Ohio. He died of a massive stroke at age 52 in Burbank, California.
2018 ~ Russ Solomon (né Russell Malcolm Solomon; b. Sept. 22, 1925), American entrepreneur and art collector who founded Tower Records. He was born and died in Sacramento, California. He died at age 92.
2017 ~ Thomas Starzl (né Thomas Earl Starzl; b. Mar. 11, 1926), American surgeon and transplant pioneer who loathed surgery. He was an expert on organ transplant was performed the first human liver transplants. He is often referred to as the Father of Modern Transplantation. He was born in Le Mars, Iowa. He died 7 days before his 91st birthday in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
2016 ~ Pat Conroy (né Donald Patrick Conroy; b. Oct. 26, 1945), American Southern author. He wrote many novels and memoirs, including The Great Santini. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 70 in Beaufort, South Carolina.
2013 ~ Lillian Cahn (née Lillian Lenovitz; b. Dec. 11, 1923), Hungarian-born businesswoman who co-founded Coach, Inc. She died at age 89 in Manhattan, New York.
2011 ~ Simon van der Meer (b. Nov. 24, 1925), Dutch particle accelerator physicist and recipient of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in The Hague, Netherlands. He died at age 85 in Geneva, Switzerland.
2009 ~ Horton Foote (né Albert Horton Foote, Jr.; b. Mar. 14, 1916), American award-winning playwright who was considered an American Chekhov. He was born in Wharton, Texas. He died 10 days before his 93rd birthday in Hartford, Connecticut.
2008 ~ Gary Gygax (né Ernest Gary Gygax; b. July 27, 1938), American “nerd” who invented Dungeons and Dragons. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died of an abdominal aneurysm at age 69 in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
2007 ~ Thomas Eagleton (né Thomas Francis Eagleton; b. Sept. 4, 1929), American United States Senator from Missouri. He was briefly the vice-presidential nominee with George McGovern in the 1972 election. He was born and died in St. Louis, Missouri. He died heart and respiratory problems at age 77.
1999 ~ Harry Blackmun (né Harry Andrew Blackmun; b. Nov. 12, 1908), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Richard Nixon. He served on the Court from June 1970 until August 1994. He replaced Abe Fortas on the High Court. He was succeeded by Stephen Breyer. He is best known as being the author of Roe v. Wade. He was born in Nashville, Illinois. He died at age 90 in Arlington, Virginia.
1996 ~ Minnie Pearl (née Sarah Ophelia Colley; b. Oct. 25, 1912), American country singer and comedian. She was born in Centerville, Tennessee. She died at age 83 in Nashville, Tennessee.
1994 ~ John Candy (né John Franklin Candy; b. Oct. 31, 1950), Canadian actor and comedian. He was born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. He died of a heart attack at age 43 in Durango, Mexico.
1990 ~ Hank Gathers (né Eric Wilson Gathers; b. Feb. 11, 1967), American basketball player. He was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He collapsed and died during a game in Los Angeles, California. He died less than a month after his 23rd birthday.
1986 ~ Albert Lehninger (né Albert Lester Lehninger; b. Feb. 17, 1917), American biochemist and author of numerous college textbooks. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He died at about 3 weeks after his 69th birthday.
1986 ~ Lyudmila Rudenko (b. July 27, 1904), Russian chess master. She was the first woman to be awarded the International Master title. She was born in Lubny, Russian Empire. She died at age 81 in Leningrad, Soviet Union.
1967 ~ Michel Plancherel (b. Jan. 16, 1885), Swiss mathematician. He died at age 82 in Zurich, Switzerland.
1963 ~ William Carlos William (b. Sept. 17, 1883), American poet and physician. He was born and died in Rutherford, New Jersey. He died at age 79.
1952 ~ Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (b. Nov. 27, 1857), English neurophysiologist. He was the recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the function of neurons. He died at age 94.
1941 ~ Ludwig Quidde (b. Mar. 23, 1858), German pacifist and recipient of the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in the Free City of Bremen. He died 19 days before his 83rd birthday in Geneva, Switzerland.
1927 ~ Ira Remsen (b. Feb. 10, 1846), American chemist. He is credited with discovering the artificial sweetener saccharin. He was born in New York City and died in Carmel, California less than a month after his 81st birthday.
1915 ~ William Willett (b. Aug. 10, 1856), English builder and advocate for the establishment of Daylight Saving Time. He died of influenza at age 58 before Daylight Savings Time was established.
1906 ~ John McAllister Schofield (b. Sept. 29, 1831), 28th United States Secretary of War. He served under Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant from June 1868 until March 1869. He was born in Gerry, New York. He died at age 74 in St. Augustine, Florida.
1888 ~ Amos Bronson Alcott (b. Nov. 29, 1799), American philosopher and educator. He was the father of author Louisa May Alcott, who was born in his 33rd birthday. He was born in Wolcott, Connecticut and died at age 88 in Boston, Massachusetts.
1883 ~ Alexander H. Stephens (né Alexander Hamilton Stephens; b. Feb. 11, 1812), Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He served under Confederate President Jefferson Davis. After the Civil War, he became the 50thGovernor of Georgia. He was born in Crawfordville, Georgia. He died less than a month after his 71st birthday in Atlanta, Georgia.
1858 ~ Matthew C. Perry (né Matthew Calbraith Perry; b. Apr. 10, 1794), Commodore of the United States Navy. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island. He died of rheumatic fever about a month before his 64th birthday in New York, New York.
1852 ~ Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (b. Mar. 31, 1809), Russian writer. He died 27 days before his 43rd birthday in Moscow, Russia.
1832 ~ Jean-François Champollion (b. Dec. 23, 1790), French historian and linguist who is best known for deciphering the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone. He died of a stroke at age 41 in Paris, France.
1795 ~ John Collins (b. June 8, 1717), 3rd Governor of Rhode Island. He served as Governor from May 1786 until May 1790. He was born and died in Newport, Rhode Island. He died at age 77.
1728 ~ Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (b. Jan. 27, 1708), member of the Romanov royal family. She was also the Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp through her marriage to Charles Frederick I, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1700 ~ 1739). They married in 1725. She was of the House of Romanov. She was the daughter of Peter I, Tsar of Russia and Catherine I, Tsarina of Russia. She was born before her parents married. She died at age 20 following complications of childbirth. Her son became Peter III, Tsar of Russia.
1496 ~ Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (b. Oct. 26, 1427), member of the Austrian royal family. He was married twice His first wife was Princess Eleanor of Scotland (1433 ~ 1480), whom he married in 1449. After Eleanor died, he married his second wife, Catherine of Saxony (1468 ~ 1524) in 1484. She was 16-years old at the time of their marriage. There were no children of either marriage. He was of the House of Habsburg, Leopoldian line. He was the son of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria and Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He died at age 68.
1484 ~ Saint Casimir (b. Oct. 3, 1458), Polish prince and Saint in the Catholic Church. He was known for his piety, devotion to God, and generosity towards the sick and poor. He was of the Jagiellon Dynasty. He was the second son of Casimir IV, King of Poland and Elizabeth of Austria. He died at age 25 of tuberculosis.
1371 ~ Jeanne d’Évreux (b. 1310), Queen consort of France and third wife of Charles IV, King of France (1294 ~ 1328). They married in 1324. She was of the House of Évreux. She was the daughter of Louis, Count of Évreux and Margaret of Artois. She was Roman Catholic. The exact date of her birth is not known. She died at about age 60 or 61.
1238 ~ Joan of England (b. July 22, 1210), Queen consort of Scotland and first wife of Alexander II, King of Scots (1198 ~ 1249). They married in 1221. She was of the House of Plantagenet. She was the daughter of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême. She died at age 27.
1193 ~ Saladin (b. 1137), Kurdish sultan of Egypt and Syria. He ruled from 1174 until his death 19 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 55 or 56 at the time of his death.
1172 ~ Stephen III, King of Hungary (b. Summer 1147). He was married to Agnes of Austria ( 1154 ~ 1182). He was of the House of Árpád. He was the son of Géza II, King of Hungary and Euphrosyne of Kiev. The exact date of is birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 24 or 25 at the time of his death. He may have been poisoned.
561 ~ Pope Pelagius I. He was Pope from April 556 until his death 6 years later. The date of his birth is unknown.
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