Birthdays:
1982 ~ Eduardo Saverin (né Eduardo Luiz Saverin), Brazilian co-founder of FaceBook. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil.
1955 ~ Bruce Willis (né Walter Bruce Willis), American actor. He was born in Germany.
1952 ~ Harvey Weinstein, American film director, actor, and producer. In the fall of 2017, he was accused of sexual abuse of numerous women and was ousted from his job. In 2018, he was charged with rape. In February 2020, he was convicted of two felonies and sentenced to 23 years in prison. He was born in Flushing, New York, New York.
1947 ~ Glenn Close (née Glenda Veronica Close), American actress. She was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.
1944 ~ Paul C.P. McIlhenny (d. Feb. 23, 2013), American businessman from Avery Island, Louisiana whose family owned the McIlhenny Tabasco Sauce company. He was born in Houston, Texas. He died in New Orleans, Louisiana less than a month before his 69th birthday.
1943 ~ Mario J. Molina (né Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez; d. Oct. 7, 2020), Mexican chemist and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in elucidating the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer. He was born and died in Mexico City, Mexico. He died at age 77.
1937 ~ Klara Kasparova (née Klara Shagenovna Kasparova; d. Dec. 25, 2020), Soviet engineer who gave up her successful career to become a full-time mentor and de facto manager to her chess prodigy son, Garry Kasparov. She was born in Baku, Azerbaijan. She died in Moscow, Russia at age 83 of complications of Covid-19.
1936 ~ Ursula Andress, Swiss model and actress. She is best known for her role as Honey Ryder in the first Bond film, Dr. No. She was born in Ostermundigen, Switzerland.
1933 ~ Philip Roth (né Philip Milton Roth; d. May 22, 2018), American literary titan who shocked and wowed America. He is best known for his novel Portnoy’s Complaint. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died of congestive heart failure at age 85 in New York, New York.
1933 ~ Richard Williams (né Richard Edmund Williams; d. Aug. 16, 2019), Canadian animator who really framed Roger Rabbit. He was a film animator and voice actor. He was best known for serving as the animation director for the 1988 movie, Who Framed Roger Rabbit? He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He died of cancer at age 86 in Bristol, England.
1933 ~ Phyllis Newman (d. Sept. 15, 2019), American actress. She was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. She died of a lung disorder at age 86 in Manhattan, New York.
1933 ~ Leonard Lauder (né Leonard Alan Lauder), American businessman and heir to the Estée Lauder Companies cosmetics fortune, founded by his parents, Estée and Joseph Lauder, in 1946.
1933 ~ Renée Taylor (née Renée Adorée Wexler), American actress. She was born in The Bronx, New York.
1927 ~ Richard Bolles (né Richard Nelson Bolles; d. Mar. 31, 2017), American clergyman who became a job-searching guru. He was an Episcopal priest who wrote the book, What Color is Your Parachute? He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died 12 days after his 90th birthday in Danville, California.
1925 ~ Brent Scowcroft (d. Aug. 6, 2020), 9th and 17th United States National Security Advisor. He served under President Gerald Ford from November 1975 until January 1977; and George H.W. Bush from January 1989 until January 1993. He was born in Ogden, Utah. He died in Falls Church, Virginia at age 95.
1922 ~ Guy Lewis (né Gus Vernon Lewis, II; d. Nov. 26, 2015), the American college basketball coach who led the University Houston Cougars. He was born in Arp, Texas. He died at age 93 in Kyle, Texas.
1922 ~ Hiroo Onoda (d. Jan. 16, 2014), Japanese soldier who refused to surrender in 1945 following World War II. It was not until 1974 that his former commander personally issued orders relieving him from his duties. He died at age 91 in Tokyo, Japan.
1919 ~ Sally Lilienthal (née Sally Ann Lowengart; d. Oct. 24, 2006), American nuclear disarmament activist. She founded Ploughshares Fund in 1918. She was born in Portland, Oregon. She died at age 87 in San Francisco, California.
1916 ~ Irving Wallace (d. June 29, 1990), American journalist and author. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 74 in Los Angeles, California.
1914 ~ Leonidas Alaoglu (d. Aug. 25, 1981), Greek-Canadian mathematician. He was born in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. He died at age 67.
1914 ~ Jiang Qing (d. May 14, 1991), Chinese widow of Mao Zedong. She died at age 77 in Beijing, China.
1912 ~ William Frankland (né Alfred William Frankland; d. Apr. 2, 2020), British immunologist and allergist. He transformed the world’s understanding of allergies and helped millions of hay fever sufferers by developing the idea of a pollen count. He was born in Sussex, England. He died in London, England of complications of Covid-19. He died 14 days after his 108th birthday in London, England.
1906 ~ Adolf Eichmann (né Otto Adolf Eichmann; d. June 1, 1962), German SS officer. He was one of the primary organizers of the Holocaust. After World War II, he and his family escaped and lived in Argentina for many years, where he was ultimately captured by Mossad and transferred to Israel where he was brought to trial for war crimes. He was convicted and hanged at age 56.
1905 ~ Albert Speer (né Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer; d. Sept. 1, 1981), Nazi architect, who acknowledged moral responsibility for war crimes at the Nuremburg trials. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his war crimes. He died of a stroke at age 76 in London, England.
1904 ~ John Sirica (né John Joseph Sirica; d. Aug. 14, 1992), American judge. He was the Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. He is best known for presiding over the Watergate hearings. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. He died at age 88 in Washington, D.C.
1900 ~ Frédéric-Joliot Curie (d. Aug. 14, 1958), French physicist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He was the husband of physicist Irène Joliet-Curie, daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 58.
1891 ~ Earl Warren (d. July 9, 1974), 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He served on the Court from October 1953 until June 1969. He replaced Fred Vinson as Chief Justice on the Court. Warren Burger succeeded him as Chief Justice. He had previously headed the investigation into the death of President John F. Kennedy and its subsequent report became known as the Warren Commission. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 83 in Washington, D.C.
1883 ~ Sir Norman Haworth (né Walter Norman Haworth; d. Mar 19, 1950), British chemist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C. He died of a heart attack on his 67th birthday.
1881 ~ Edith Nourse Rogers (d. Sept. 10, 1960), American social worker and politician. She was the first woman from Massachusetts to serve in Congress. She served in the House of Representatives from June 1925 until her death on September 1960. She was born in Saco, Maine and died in Boston, Massachusetts. She died at age 79.
1868 ~ Senda Berenson Abbott (née Senda Valvrojenski; d. Feb. 16, 1954), Russian-born athlete and teacher. She was a major figure in women’s basketball and was the author of the first basketball guide for women. In 1987, she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. She died a month before her 86th birthday in Santa Barbara, California.
1860 ~ William Jennings Bryan (d. July 26, 1925), American lawyer and politician. He served as the 41st United States Secretary of State. He held that office from March 1913 until June 1915 during the Woodrow Wilson administration. He is most famous for his defense during the Scopes “Monkey” trial. He was born in Salem, Illinois. He died just 5 days following the conclusion of the Scopes trial. He died at age 65 in Dayton, Tennessee.
1848 ~ Wyatt Earp (né Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp; d. Jan. 13, 1929), American law enforcement officer in the Wild West. He is best known for his role in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. He was born in Monmouth, Illinois. He died at age 80 in Los Angeles, California.
1821 ~ Sir Richard Francis Burton (d. Oct. 20, 1890), British soldier, geographer and diplomat. He died of a heart attack at age 69.
1813 ~ David Livingston (d. May 1, 1873), Scottish missionary and explorer. He is known for exploring Africa to find the source of the Nile River. He died of malaria and dysentery in what is today known as Zambia. He was 60 years old.
1629 ~ Alexis I, Tsar of Russia (d. Feb. 8, 1676). He was Tsar from July 12, 1645 until his death. He was married twice. His first wife was Maria Ilyinichan Miloslavskaya (1624 ~ 1669). They married in 1648. After her death, he married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina (1651 ~ 1694). They married in 1671. He was of the House of Romanov. He was the son of Michael, Tsar of Russia and Eudoxia Streshneva. He died at age 46. His son, Ivan V, Tsar of Russia died on the 20th anniversary of his death and his other son, Peter the Great, died on the 49th anniversary of his death.
1604 ~ John IV, King of Portugal (d. Nov. 6, 1656). He ruled Portugal from December 1640 until his death in November 1656. He was married to Luisa de Guzmán. They married in 1633. He was of the House of Braganza. He was the son of Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza and Ana de Velasco y Girón. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 52.
1590 ~ William Bradford (d. May 9, 1657), English Separatist and politician and 5-term Governor of Plymouth Colony. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but this is the date generally ascribed to his birth. He died at age 67.
1488 ~ Johannes Magnus (d. Mar. 22, 1544), Swedish archbishop and theologian. He was the last functioning Catholic bishop in Sweden. He died 3 days after his 56th birthday in Rome, Italy.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ The Islandic volcano Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes peninsula began erupting just 20 miles from the capital of Rekyjavik. The eruption, its first in nearly 800 years, lit up the sky with spectacular orange hues and sent lava flowing gently down the mountainsides.
2018 ~ The last known male northern white rhinoceros died in Kenya. He was the last male of his subspecies, thereby causing the extinction of this species.
2003 ~ President George W. Bush (b. 1946) ordered American troops to Iraq. The Iraqi war lasted until 2011.
1987 ~ Televangelist Jim Bakker (b. 1940) resigned as head of the PTL Club due to a sex scandal. Jerry Falwell (1933 ~ 2007) took over control of the program.
1982 ~ Argentinian forces landed on South Georgia Island causing the short-lived Falklands War with the United Kingdom.
1979 ~ The United States House of Representatives began broadcasting its daily business via C-SPAN.
1962 ~ Bob Dylan (b. 1941) released his first album for Columbia Records. It was a self-titled album.
1944 ~ Nazi forces began the occupation of Hungary.
1932 ~ The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney, Australia opened.
1931 ~ Nevada approved of legalized gambling.
1920 ~ The United States Senate rejected approval of the Treaty of Versailles for the second time. It had initially declined approval of the treaty in November 1919.
1918 ~ The United States Congress established time zones throughout the country and approved the usage of daylight savings time.
1895 ~ The Lumière brothers, Auguste (1862 ~ 1954) and Louis (1864 ~ 1948), recorded their first footage using their patented cinematography.
1497 ~ Manuel I, King of Portugal (1469 ~ 1521), ordered the forced conversion of all Jewish children.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Glynn Lunney (né Glynn Stephen Lunney; b. Nov. 27, 1936), American engineer and NASA flight director who helped save Apollo 13. He was born in Old Forge, Pennsylvania. He died in Clear Lake, Texas at age 84.
2017 ~ Jimmy Breslin (né James Earle Breslin; b. Oct. 17, 1928), American streetwise columnist who spoke truth to power. He was the voice of New York City. In addition to newspaper columns, he wrote novels. He is best known for his novel .44, a fictionalized account of the Son of Sam murders. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died of pneumonia at age 88.
2014 ~ Ken Forsse (né Earl Kenneth Forsse, b. Sept. 25, 1936), American inventor who delighted children. He is best known for creating Teddy Ruxpin, the “must-have” Christmas present of 1985. He was born in Bellwoods, Nebraska. He died of congestive heart failure at age 77 in Laguna Woods, California.
2014 ~ Fred Phelps, Sr. (né Fred Waldron Phelps; b. Nov. 13, 1929), American Baptist preacher who embraced hate. He was the head of the independent Westboro Baptist Church, based in Topeka, Kansas. He was known for his vehemently anti-gay activism. He was born in Meridian, Mississippi. He died at age 84 in Topeka, Kansas.
2014 ~ Lawrence Walsh (né Lawrence Edward Walsh; b. Jan. 8, 1912), Canadian-born American lawyer and United States Deputy Attorney General. He was in office during the Eisenhower administration from 1957 to 1960. He is best known for serving as Independent Counsel to investigate the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan administration. He was born in Port Maitland, Nova Scotia, Canada. He died at age 102 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
2013 ~ Harry Reems (né Herbert Streicher; b. Aug. 27, 1947), American porn pioneer who became a cause Célèbre. He is best known for his role in Deep Throat. He died at age 65 of pancreatic cancer.
2008 ~ Paul Scofield (né David Paul Scofield; b. Jan. 21, 1922), British actor. He died at age 86 of leukemia.
2008 ~ Sir Arthur C. Clarke (né Arthur Charles Clark; b. Dec. 16, 1917), British science fiction writer. He is best known for being a co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey. He was born in Minehead, Somerset, England. He died at age 90 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
2006 ~ Channing Pollock (b. Aug. 16, 1926), American magician and actor. He was born in Sacramento, California. He died of cancer in Las Vegas, Nevada at age 79.
2005 ~ John DeLorean (né John Zachary DeLorean; b. Jan. 6, 1925), American engineer and automaker. He was the founder of the DeLorean Motor Company. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died following a stroke at age 80 in Summit, New Jersey.
1997 ~ Willem de Kooning (b. Apr. 24, 1904), Dutch artist and painter. He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He died just over a month before his 93rd birthday in East Hampton, New York.
1996 ~ Chen Jingrun (b. May 22, 1933), Chinese mathematician. He made significant contributions to number theory. He died at age 62 in Beijing, China.
1987 ~ Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie (b. Aug. 15, 1892), French physicist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to quantum theory. He died at age 94.
1984 ~ Garry Winogrand (b. Jan. 14, 1928), American photographer. He was best known for his street photography. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 56 of gall bladder cancer in Tijuana, Mexico. He had gone to Mexico seeking an alternative medicine for his cancer.
1978 ~ Gaston Julia (né Gaston Maurice Julia; b. Feb. 3, 1893), French mathematician. He was born in French Algeria. He died at age 85 in Paris, France.
1974 ~ Anne Klein (née Hannah Golofski; b. Aug. 3, 1923), American fashion designer and founder of namesake Anne Klein & Company. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of breast cancer at age 50 in New York, New York.
1962 ~ Samuel Cate Prescott (b. Apr. 5, 1872), American microbiologist and food scientist. He was born in South Hampton, New Hampshire. He died at age 89 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1955 ~ Mihály Károlyi (b. Mar. 4, 1875), President of Hungary during the short-lived First Hungarian People’s Republic from January 1919 until March 1919. He died 15 days after his 80th birthday in exile in Vence, France.
1950 ~ Sir Norman Haworth (né Walter Norman Haworth; b. Mar 19, 1883), British chemist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C. He died of a heart attack on his 67th birthday.
1950 ~ Edgar Rice Burroughs (b. Sept. 1, 1875), American author best known as the creator of Tarzan. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died of a heart attack at age 74 in Tarzana, California.
1944 ~ William Hale Thompson (b. May 14, 1869), Mayor of Chicago. He served for several terms in that office. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 74 in Chicago, Illinois
1943 ~ Frank Nitti (né Francesco Raffaele Nitto; b. Jan. 27, 1886), Italian-American ganster. He was known as “The Enforcer.” He was one of Al Capone’s top henchmen, and became boss after Al Capone’s arrest. He was born in Italy. He died by suicide at age 57 at the Chicago Central Rail yard.
1930 ~ Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (né Arthur James Balfour; b. July 25, 1848), Scottish-English politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as Prime Minister from July 1902 until December 1905. He is best known for the Balfour Declaration, drafted in 1917, which was a letter recognizing the need for a Jewish state in the Middle East. He was born in Scotland. He died at age 81 in Woking, Surrey, England.
1927 ~ Henry Campbell Black (b. Oct. 17, 1860), founder of Black’s Law Dictionary, the definitive legal dictionary. He was born in Ossining, New York. He died at age 66 in Washington, D.C.
1747 ~ Countess Catherine Opalińska (b. Oct. 13, 1680), Queen consort of Poland and wife of Stanisław I, King of Poland (1677 ~ 1766). They married in 1698. She was of the House of Opaliński. She was the daughter of Jan Karol Opaliński and Zofia Czarnkowska. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 66.
1721 ~ Pope Clement XI (né Giovanni Frencesco Albani; b. July 23, 1649). He was Pope from November 1700 until his death 21 years later. He died at age 71.
1702 ~ King William III, King of England (b. Nov. 14, 1650). He was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689 until his death in 1702. Prior to becoming King, he was known as the Prince William of Orange. He was married to Mary II, Queen of England (1662 ~ 1695). They married in 1677. He and his wife reigned as William and Mary. His date of birth and death is sometimes noted as being November 4, 1650 and March 8, 1702, respectively, because the Julian calendar was in use in England at the time of his birth. He was of the House of Orange-Nassau. He was the son of William II, Prince of Orange and Mary, Princess Royal. He was born in his mother’s 29th birthday. He was Protestant. He died of pneumonia at age 51.
1687 ~ René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (b. Nov. 22, 1643), French explorer. He is best known for his searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. He claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France. He was murdered by his own men near what is today near Huntsville, Texas. He was 43 years old.
1330 ~ Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (b. Aug. 5, 1301), member of the English royal family. He was married to Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell (1297 ~ 1349). He was of the House of Plantagenet. He was the son of Edward I, King of England and his second wife, Princess Margaret of France. He was executed at age 28.
1286 ~ Alexander III, King of Scotland (b. Sept. 4, 1241). He became King in July 1249 at age 9 following the death of his father. He remained King until his death at age 44 from a fall from a horse. He was married twice. His first wife was Margaret of England. After her death, he married Yolande de Dreux. He was of the House of Dunkeld. He was the son of Alexander II, King of Scotland and Marie de Coucy.
1279 ~ Zhao Bing (b. Feb. 12, 1271), 18th and last Chinese Emperor of the Song Dynasty and 9th and last Chinese Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He reigned from May 1278 until his death a year later. He died was killed at age 7.
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