Birthdays:
1974 ~ Christian Bale (né Christian Charles Philip Bale), Welsh actor. He was born in Haverfordwest, Wales.
1974 ~ Olivia Colman (née Sarah Caroline Olivia Colman), English actress. She is best known for her role as Queen Anne in the movie The Favorite. She was born in Norwich, England.
1968 ~ Felipe VI, King of Spain. He ascended to the throne in June 2014 upon the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos I. In 2004, he married Letizia Ortiz Racasolano. He is of the House of Bourbon-Anjou. He is the son of Joan Carlos I, King of Spain and Sophia of Greece and Denmark. He is Roman Catholic. He was born in Madrid, Spain.
1962 ~ Mary Kay Letourneau (née Mary Katherine Schmitz; d. July 6, 2020), American school teacher charged with second-degree rape of one of her 6th grade students. After serving time in prison, she married the student. They were married for 14 years before separating. She was born in Tustin, California. She died of colon cancer at age 58 in Des Moines, Washington.
1962 ~ Abdullah II, King of Jordan. He became king in 1999, following the death of his father, Hussein, King of Jordan. In 1993, he married Raina A;-Yassin. He was born in Amman, Jordon.
1957 ~ Payne Stewart (né William Payne Stewart; d. Oct. 25, 1999), American golfer. He was born in Springfield, Missouri. He was killed in a Lear airplane crash over Mina, South Dakota at age 42.
1955 ~ John Baldacci (né John Elias Baldacci), 73rd Governor of Maine. He served as Governor from January 2003 until January 2011. He was born in Bangor, Maine.
1949 ~ Peter Agre, American physician and molecular biologist. He was the recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Northfield, Minnesota.
1948 ~ Miles Reid (né Miles Anthony Reid), English mathematician who works in algebraic geometry. He was born in Hoddesdon, England.
1945 ~ Meir Dagan (né Meir Hubermann; d. Mar. 17, 2016), Israeli military officer and Director of Mossad from 2002 until 2011. He was the daring commando who led Israel’s spy agency. He was born in Kherson, Ukraine. He died of cancer at age 71 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1942 ~ Marty Balin (né Martyn Jerel Buchwald; d. Sept. 27, 2018), American s inger who sparked a rock revolution. He founded the band Jefferson Airplane. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died at age 76 in Tampa, Florida.
1941 ~ Dick Cheney (né Richard Bruce Cheney), 46th Vice President of the United States. He served under President George W. Bush from January 2001 until January 2009. He had previously served as the 17th United States Secretary of Defense during the George H.W. Bush administration from March 1989 until January 1993. He also served as a Representative from Wyoming in the United States House of Representatives. From November 1975 until January 1977, he served as the White House Chief of Staff for President Gerald Ford. The 2018 movie Vice was a depiction of his life. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska.
1937 ~ Vanessa Redgrave, English actress. She was born in London, England.
1937 ~ Boris Spassky (né Boris Vasilievich Spassky), Russian chess master. He was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1935 ~ Richard Brautigan (né Richard Gary Brautigan; d. Sept. 16, 1984), American poet, novelist and short story writer. He was born in Tacoma, Washington. He died by suicide at age 49 in Bolinas, California.
1931 ~ Shirley Hazzard (d. Dec. 12, 2016), Australian writer best known for her book The Transit of Venus. She was born in Sydney, Australia. She died at age 85 in Manhattan, New York.
1930 ~ Gene Hackman (né Eugene Allen Hackman), American actor. He was born in San Bernardino, California.
1928 ~ Harold Prince (né Harold Smith; d. July 31, 2019), American stage and Broadway giant who shook up musicals. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died at age 91 in Keflavik, Iceland.
1927 ~ Olof Palme (né Sven Olaf Joachim Palme; d. Feb. 28, 1986), Prime Minister of Sweden. He was born and died in Stockholm, Sweden. He was assassinated a month after his 59th birthday.
1925 ~ Douglas Engelbart (né Douglas Carl Engelbart; d. July 2, 2013), American computer scientist and inventor of the computer mouse. He was also responsible for laying out the principles of computer networking. He was born in Eugene, Oregon. He died at age 88 in Atherton, California.
1924 ~ Margaret Yorke (née Margaret Beda Larminie; d. Nov. 17, 2012), British crime fiction author. She died at age 88.
1922 ~ Dick Martin (né Thomas Richard Martin, d. May 24, 2008), American comedian and goofy co-host of Laugh-In. He was born in Battle Creek, Michigan. He died at age 86 in Santa Monica, California.
1915 ~ John Profumo, 5th Baron Profumo (né John Dennis Profumo; d. Mar. 9, 2006), British Secretary of State for War. His career was ended after he was caught in a sex scandal in the 1960s. He died of a stroke at age 91.
1914 ~ David Wayne (né Wayne James McMeekan; d. Feb. 9, 1995), American actor. He was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He died of lung cancer 10 days after his 81st birthday in Santa Monica, California.
1912 ~ Barbara W. Tuchman (née Barbara Wertheim; d. Feb. 6, 1989), American historian. She is best known for her book The Guns of August, which is about the first month of World War I. She was born in New York, New York. She died 7 days after her 77th birthday in Greenwich, Connecticut.
1899 ~ Max Theiler (d. Aug. 11, 1972), South African virologist and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing a vaccine against yellow fever. He was born in Pretoria, South Africa. He died at age 73 in New Haven, Connecticut.
1894 ~ Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria (d. Aug. 28, 1943). He reigned over Bulgaria from October 1918 until his death 25 years later. He is best known for taking steps to protect the Jews of Bulgaria during World War II. In 1930, he married Princess Giovanna of Italy. He was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháy. He was the son of Ferdinand I, King of Bulgaria and Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. He was Eastern Orthodox. He died of a heart attack at age 49. He was succeeded by his son, Simeon II, King of Bulgaria.
1882 ~ Franklin D. Roosevelt (né Franklin Delano Roosevelt; d. Apr. 12, 1945), 32nd United States President. He served in Office from March 1933 until his death on this date in 1945. He is the only President to have been elected for 3 terms full terms. He was born in Hyde Park, New York. He died at age 63 shortly into the beginning of his 4th term in Warm Springs, Georgia.
1844 ~ Richard Greener (né Richard Theodore Greener; d. May 2, 1922), lawyer who was the first African-American to graduate from Harvard College. He went on to become the dean of the Howard University School of Law. He was the father of Belle da Costa Green who served as the personal librarian to J.P. Morgan. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died age 78 in Chicago, Illinois.
1841 ~ Félix Faure (né Félix François Faure; d. Feb. 16, 1899), President of France. He served as President from January 1895 until his death in February 1899. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died in Office of apoplexy just 17 days after his 58th birthday.
1816 ~ Nathaniel Banks (né Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, d. Sept. 1, 1894), 24th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor from January 1858 until January 1861. He also served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from February 1856 until March 1857. He was born and died in Waltham, Massachusetts. He was 78 at the time of his death.
1736 ~ James Watt (d. Aug. 25, 1819), Scottish-English inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist. He is best known for the creation of the modern steam engine. He died at age 83.
1615 ~ Thomas Rolfe (d. 1675), American son of Pocahontas and her husband, John Rolfe. The exact date of his death is not known. He may have died as late as 1680.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ The World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 pandemic to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
1975 ~ The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, located at the site of the shipwrecked USS Monitor, was established as the first United States Marine Sanctuary.
1972 ~ British Paratroopers killed 14 unarmed civil rights marchers in Northern Ireland in this date, which became known as Bloody Sunday.
1969 ~ The Beatles’ last public performance took place on the roof of Apple Records in London. The police later broke up this impromptu concert.
1968 ~ The Tet Offensive was launched by forces of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam and the United States. It was one of the largest military campaigns in the Vietnam War. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command centers throughout South Vietnam. The offense occurred late at night and in the early morning hours of January 31, on the Vietnamese New Year, hence the name of the event.
1948 ~ Mahatma Gandhi (1869 ~ 1948) was assassinated by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse (1910 ~ 1949), who would later be executed by hanging.
1948 ~ The British South American Airways’ Tudor IV Star Tiger disappeared without a trace over the Bermuda Triangle.
1933 ~ The Lone Ranger debuted on the radio.
1933 ~ Adolf Hitler (1889 ~ 1945) was sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1889 ~ Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (1858 ~ 1889), heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, was found dead with his 17-year-old mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera (1871 ~ 1889). They had killed themselves in a suicide pact.
1862 ~ The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor, was launched.
1847 ~ Yerba Buena, California was renamed San Francisco.
1835 ~ Richard Lawrence (1800 ~ 1861) attempted an assassination attempt on President Andrew Jackson (1767 ~ 1845) in the first known assassination attempt against an American president. Lawrence spent the rest of his life in an insane asylum.
1826 ~ The first modern suspension bridge, the Menai Suspension Bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the northwest coast of Wales, opened.
1820 ~ Irish sailor Edward Bransfield (1785 ~ 1852) claimed the discovery of Antarctica with the sighting of its Trinity Peninsula.
1815 ~ President James Madison (1751 ~ 1836) approved the Act of the United States Congress to the purchase of Thomas Jefferson's library. Jefferson had nearly 6,500 volumes, which became the nucleus of the Library of Congress.
1661 ~ Oliver Cromwell (1599 ~ 1658), Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, was ritually executed 2 years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of Charles I, King of England (1600 ~ 1649), the monarch he had deposed in 1649.
1607 ~ A massive flood unexpectedly struck along the coast of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England, which may have been caused by a tsunami. It is believed about 2,000 people were drowned.
516 BCE ~ The traditional date ascribed to the completion of the Second Temple of Jerusalem.
Good-byes:
2023 ~ Bobby Hull (né Robert Marvin Hull; b. Jan. 3, 1939), Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Point Anne, Ontario, Canada. He died 27 days after his 84th birthday in Wheaton, Illinois.
2020 ~~ Fred Silverman (b. Sept. 13, 1937), American master showman who made hit TV. He was a television executive who worked at CBS, ABC and NBC. He brought such shows to American audiences as M*A*S*H, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Hill Street Blues. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 82 in Los Angeles, California.
2018 ~ Mark Saling (né Mark Wayne Saling; b. Aug. 17, 1982), American actor and musician. He was best known for his role as Puck on the television series Glee. He had been arrested on charges of possession of child pornography. He pled guilty but died by suicide before he was sentenced. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He died at age 35 in Los Angeles, California.
2017 ~ Harold Rosen (b. Mar. 20, 1926), American electrical engineer and satellite pioneer who got the world talking. He was known as the Father of the Communication Satellite. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died at age 90 of complications of a stroke in Los Angeles, California.
2015 ~ Želju Mitev Želev (b. Mar. 3, 1935), President of Bulgaria from January 1992 until January 1997. He died at age 79.
2015 ~ Carl Djerassi (b. Oct. 29, 1923), Austrian-born chemist who helped develop the birth control pill. In his later life, he became a novelist. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 91 in San Francisco, California.
2013 ~ Patty Andrews (née Patricia Marie Andrews; b. Feb. 16, 1918), last surviving member of the Andrews Sisters vocal trio. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She died 17 days before her 95th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
2009 ~ Ingemar Johansson (né Jens Ingemar Johansson, b. Sept. 22, 1932), Swedish world heavyweight champion who beat Floyd Patterson. He was known as The Hammer Thor. He died at age 76.
2009 ~ Milton Parker (b. Jan. 10, 1919), American businessman, restaurateur, and co-founder of the Carnegie Deli. He made the Carnegie Deli famous. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died 20 days after his 90th birthday,
2007 ~ Sidney Sheldon (né Sidney Schechtel; b. Feb. 11, 1917), American author. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died 12 days before his 90th birthday in Rancho Mirage, California.
2006 ~ Wendy Wasserstein (b. Oct. 18, 1950), American playwright. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of lymphoma at age 55 in Manhattan, New York.
2006 ~ Coretta Scott King (né Coretta Scott; b. Apr. 27, 1927), American civil rights activist and wife of Martin Luther King, Jr. She was born in Heiberger, Alabama. She died of ovarian cancer at age 78 years old in Rosarito Beach, Baja California, Mexico.
1995 ~ Gerald Durrell (né Gerald Malcolm Durrell; b. Jan. 7, 1925), British naturalist and author. He wrote The Whispering Lands, which is about Patagonia. He was born in British India. He died 23 days after his 70th birthday in Saint Helier, Jersey.
1993 ~ Alexandra of Yugoslavia (b. Mar. 25, 1921), Queen consort of Yugoslavia and wife of Peter II, King of Yugoslavia. They married in 1944. She was of the House of Glücksburg. She was the daughter of Alexander, King of Greece and morganatic wife, Aspasia Manos. She was born in Athens, Greece. She died in England at age 71.
1991 ~ John Bardeen (b. May 23, 1908), American physicist and recipient of the 1956 and 1972 Nobel Prizes in Physics. To date, he is the only individual to have won two Nobel Prizes in Physics. He was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He died in Boston, Massachusetts at age 82.
1980 ~ Professor Longhair (né Henry Roeland Byrd; b. Dec. 19, 1918), African-American New Orleans Blues singer-songwriter and pianist. He was born in Bogalusa, Louisiana and died in New Orleans. He died of a heart attack at age 61.
1973 ~ Elizabeth Baker (née Elizabeth Faulkner Baker; b. Dec. 10, 1885), American economist. She was born in Abilene, Kansas. She died at age 87 in Seattle, Washington.
1969 ~ Dominique Pire (né George Charles Clement Ghislain Pire; b. Feb. 10, 1910), Belgian monk and recipient of the 1958 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in assisting refugees following World War II. He died of complications following surgery 11 days before his 59th birthday.
1958 ~ Ernst Hienkel (b. Jan. 24, 1888), German aviation engineer. He was a member of the Nazi party. He died 6 days after his 70th birthday.
1951 ~ Ferdinand Porsche (b. Sept. 3, 1875), Austrian-German engineer and businessman. He founded the Porsche automobile company. He joined the Nazi party in connection with his contract to develop cars for Germany. He died of a stroke at age 75.
1948 ~ Orville Wright (b. Aug. 19, 1871), American aviation pioneer, who along with his brother, Wilber (1867 ~ 1912), invented the airplane. Orville was born and died in Dayton, Ohio. He died of a heart attack at age 76.
1948 ~ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi aka Mahatma Gandhi (b. Oct. 2, 1869), Indian pacifist and spiritual leader. He advocated non-violent disobedience. He was assassinated by a Hindu extremist. He was 78 at the time of his death.
1934 ~ Frank Doubleday (né Frank Nelson Doubleday; b. Jan. 8, 1862), American publisher and founder of the Doubleday Publishing Company. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died 22 days after his 72nd birthday.
1928 ~ Johannes Fibiger (né Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger; b. Apr. 23, 1867), Danish physician and recipient of the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died of colon cancer at age 60 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1910 ~ Granville Woods (né Granville Tailer Woods; b. Apr. 23, 1856), African-American inventor and engineer. He held over 50 patents. He was born in Columbus, Ohio. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 53 in New York, New York.
1889 ~ Archduke Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (b. Aug. 21, 1858), heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown. He was married to Princess Stéphanie of Belgium. They married in 1881. He was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the son of Franz Joseph I, Archduke of Austria and Elisabeth in Bavaria. He was found dead in a suicide pact with his mistress Baron Mary Vetsera at age 30.
1888 ~ Asa Gray (b. Nov. 18, 1810), American botanist. He was born in Sauquoit, New York. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died at age 77.
1836 ~ Betsy Ross (née Elizabeth Griscom; b. Jan. 1, 1752), American seamstress who is credited with making the first American Flag, although there is no evidence to support this legend. She married three times. John Ross was her first husband, and it is his name that she is known by. After he died, she married Joseph Ashburn. He died within 3 years of their marriage. Her third husband was John Claypoole. She died 29 days after her 84th birthday in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1788 ~ Charles Edward Stuart (b. Dec. 20, 1720), pretender to the British Throne. He was married to Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern. He was of the House of Stuart. He was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart and Maria Clementina Sobieska. His grandfather was James II, King of England. He died of a stroke a month after his 67th birthday.
1730 ~ Peter II, Tsar of Russia (b. Oct. 23, 1715). He was Emperor from May 1727 until his death 3 years later in January 3 1730. He never married. He was of the House of Romanov. He was the son of Alexi Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, and his 1st wife Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was Russian Orthodox. He died of smallpox at age 14.
1716 ~ Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d’Arquein (b. June 28, 1641), Queen consort of Poland and wife of John III Sobieski, King of Poland. He was her second husband. They married in 1665. She had previously been married to John Zamoyski. They were married from 1658 until his death in 1665. She was the daughter of Henri de la Grange d’Arquein and Françoise de la Châtre. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 74.
1649 ~ Charles I, King of England and Ireland and King of Scotland (b. Nov. 19, 1600). He was king from March 1625 until his execution in January 1649. He was married to Henrietta Marie of France. They married in 1625. He was of the House of Stuart. He was the son of James VI, King of England /James I, King of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. He was Anglican. He was tried and convicted of high treason and was beheaded at age 48 during the English Civil War.
970 ~ Peter I, Tsar of Bulgaria. He was Tsar from 927 until 969. He was married to Irene Lekapene. Little is known of her life. He then became a monk and died of a stroke in January 970. He was of the Krum’s dynasty. He was the son of Simeon I, King of Bulgaria and the sister of George Sursuvul. The date of his birth is not known.
680 ~ Balthild (b. 620s), Queen consort of Burgundy and wife of Clovis II, King of Burgundy. She is also known as Saint Balthild in the Catholic Church.
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