Birthdays:
1971 ~ Amy Barger, American astronomer.
1969 ~ Jesse L. Martin (né Jesse Lamont Watkins), African-American actor. He is best known for his role as Detective Ed Green on the television drama Law & Order. He was born in Rocky Mount, Virginia.
1963 ~ Martin O’Malley (né Martin Joseph O’Malley), American politician and 61st Governor of Maryland. He served as Governor from January 2007 until January 2015. He was a Democratic presidential candidate in the 2016 United State Presidential campaign. He was born in Washington, D.C.
1960 ~ Sir Mark Rylance (né David Mark Rylance Waters), British actor. He was born in Ashford, Kent, England.
1955 ~ Kevin Costner (né Kevin Michael Costner), American actor. He was born in Lynwood, California.
1951 ~ Elijah Cummings (né Elijah Eugene Cummings; d. Oct. 17, 2019), African-American civil rights pioneer who infuriated President Trump. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland. He was born and died in Baltimore, Maryland. He died following a long illness at age 68.
1937 ~ John Hume (d. Aug. 3, 2020), Northern Irish politician and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize. He was one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process. He was born and died in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. He died at age 83.
1933 ~ Ray Dolby (né Ray Milton Dolby; d. Sept. 12, 2013), American audio engineer who refined recordings and an innovator. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He died of leukemia at age 80 in San Francisco, California.
1930 ~ Clarabelle Lansing (d. Apr. 28, 1988), American stewardess on the ill-fated Aloha Airlines Flight 243. She was the only fatality when the fuselage ripped open mid-flight. She was 58 years old.
1925 ~ Art Paul (né Arthur Paul; d. Apr. 28, 2018), American graphic designer who gave Playboy its bunny. He was born and died in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 93.
1921 ~ Yoichiro Nambu (d. July 5, 2015), Japanese-born American physicist and recipient of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. He died at age 94.
1920 ~ William Liebenow (d. Feb. 27, 2017), American Navy skipper who rescued a stranded John F. Kennedy in 1943 during World War II. As a Lieutenant in the Navy, he used the cover of darkness to take his patrol boat into enemy waters to rescue the crew of PT-109. He was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He died in Mount Airy, North Carolina about a month after his 97th birthday.
1911 ~ Danny Kaye (né David Daniel Kaminsky; d. Mar. 3, 1987), American actor, singer, and comedian. He was born in New York, New York. He died of heart failure at age 76 in Los Angeles, California.
1908 ~ Jacob Bronowski (d. Aug. 22, 1974), Polish-born English mathematician. He was born in Łódź, Poland. His family moved to England during World War I. He died of a heart attack at age 66 in East Hampton, New York.
1904 ~ Cary Grant (né Archibald Alexander Leach; d. Nov. 29, 1986), British-born American actor. He was born in Bristol, England. He died of a stroke at age 82 in Davenport, Iowa where he was preparing for a stage performance.
1901 ~ Ivan Petrovsky (d. Jan. 15, 1973), Russian mathematician. His work focused on partial differential equations. He was born in Sevsk, Russian Empire. He died 3 days before his 72nd birthday in Moscow, USSR.
1892 ~ Oliver Hardy (né Norvell Hardy; d. Aug. 7, 1957), American comedian and half of the Laurel and Hardy comedy team. He was born in Harlem, Georgia. He died of cerebral thrombosis at age 65 in North Hollywood, California.
1882 ~ A.A. Milne (né Alan Alexander Milne; d. Jan. 31, 1956), English author, best known for his Winnie the Poohseries of children’s books. He was born in London, England. He died 2 weeks after his 74th birthday.
1877 ~ Sam Zemurray (né Schmuel Zmurri; d. Nov. 30, 1961), Russian-born American businessman who founded the Cuyamel Fruit Company. He entered the banana trade, establishing a center in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was known as Sam the Banana Man. The story of his rise in the trade was depicted in Rich Cohen’s book, The Fish that Ate the Whale. He died in New Orleans at age 84.
1856 ~ Daniel Williams (né Daniel Hale Williams; d. Aug. 4, 1931), African-American surgeon. In 1893, he is reported to have performed the first successful pericardium heart surgery to repair a wound. The patient survived and lived an additional 20 years. Williams was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. He died at age 75 in Idlewild, Michigan.
1854 ~ Thomas Watson (né Thomas Augustus Watson; d. Dec. 13, 1934), American assistant to Alexander Graham Bell during the invention of the telephone. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts. He died of heart disease in Pass-a-Grille Key, Florida just over a month before his 81st birthday.
1850 ~ Seth Low (d. Sept. 17, 1916), 92nd Mayor of New York City. He was Mayor from January 1902 through December 1903. He had previously served as the President of Columbia University from 1890 until 1901. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of cancer at age 66 in Bedford Hills, New York.
1813 ~ Joseph Glidden (né Joseph Farwell Glidden; d. Oct. 9, 1906), American farmer who patented barbed wire. He was born in Charlestown, New Hampshire. He died at age 93 in DeKalb, Illinois.
1795 ~ Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia (d. Mar. 1, 1865), Queen consort of the Netherlands. She was the wife of William II, King of the Netherlands (1792 ~ 1849). They married in 1816. They were the parents of William III, King of the Netherlands. She was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. She was the daughter of Paul I, Tsar of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. She was Russian Orthodox. She died at age 70.
1782 ~ Daniel Webster (d. Oct. 24, 1852), American politician and attorney. He was the 14th and 19th United States Secretary of State. He served under President Millard Fillmore from July 1850 to October 1852 and William Henry Harrison from March 1841 until May 1843. He also served two non-consecutive terms as a United States Senator from Massachusetts. He was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire, and died in Marshfield, Massachusetts. He died at age 70.
1779 ~ Peter Mark Roget (d. Sept. 12, 1869), French physician and lexicographer. He is best known for publishing the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, now known simply as Roget’s Thesaurus. He was born in London, England. He died at age 90.
1752 ~ John Nash (d. May 13, 1835), British architect. He designed many buildings, including Buckingham Palace. He was born in London, England. He died at age 83.
1689 ~ Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu; d. Feb. 10, 1755), French lawyer and philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. He died in Paris, France 23 days after his 66th birthday.
1519 ~ Isabella Jagiellon (d. Sept. 15, 1559), Queen consort of Hungary and wife of John Zápolya, King of Hungary and Croatia (1490 ~ 1540). They were the parents of John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary. She was of the House of Jagiellon. They married in 1539. She was the daughter of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Bona Sforza. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 40 following a long illness.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ Martin Luther King, Jr., Day was observed in the United States.
2016 ~ Martin Luther King, Jr., Day was observed in the United States.
2009 ~ Hamas announced it would accept the Israeli Defense Forces’s offer of a ceasefire to end the assault during the Gaza War.
2003 ~ A bushfire destroyed more than 500 homes in Canberra, Australia. At least 4 people were killed in the fire.
1993 ~ Martin Luther King, Jr., Day was officially observed for the first time in all 50 of the United States. The day of observation as a Federal Holiday began on January 20, 1986, however, all the States did not recognize this as a Holiday until 7 years later.
1991 ~ During the Gulf War, three Iraqi SCUD missiles hit Ramat Gan, outside of Tel Aviv, in Israel killing 3 people and injuring 96 others.
1990 ~ Marion Barry (1936 ~ 2014), Mayor of Washington, D.C., was arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting.
1983 ~ The International Olympic Committee restored the Olympic medals to the family of Jim Thorpe (1887 ~ 1953). He had received gold medals in the 1912 Olympics but was stripped of these medals after the Olympic Committee learned that he had been paid for playing semi-professional baseball for two seasons.
1978 ~ The roof of the Hartford Civic Center in Connecticut collapsed due to heavy snow. The collapse fell just hours after the University of Connecticut basketball team beat the University of Massachusetts team. When the roof collapsed, no one was in the building and there were no injuries.
1977 ~ The bacterium that caused Legionnaires’ disease was isolated and identified as Legionella pneumophila.
1974 ~ The Disengagement of Forces Agreement was signed between Israel and Egypt, thereby ending the conflict on the Egyptian front of the Yom Kippur War.
1967 ~ Albert DeSalvo (1931 ~ 1973), the criminal known as the “Boston Strangler”, was convicted of numerous crimes and murder. He was sentenced to life in prison, where in 1973, he was stabbed to death by a fellow inmate.
1945 ~ The Red Army liberated the Kraków ghetto.
1944 ~ The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City held its first jazz concert. The performers included Louis Armstrong (1901 ~ 1971), Benny Goodman (1909 ~ 1986) and Artie Shaw (1910 ~ 2004).
1943 ~ The first Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of the Jews during World War II.
1919 ~ Bentley Motors Limited was founded.
1919 ~ The Paris Peace Conference following World War I began in Paris, France.
1911 ~ Eugene B. Ely (1886 ~ 1911) landed an aircraft on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania in the San Francisco Bay. It was the first recorded landing of an aircraft on a ship.
1903 ~ United States President Theodore Roosevelt (1858 ~ 1919) sent a radio message to Edward VII, King of England (1841 ~ 1910) making the first transatlantic radio transmission originating from the United States.
1896 ~ An X-ray machine was formally displayed for the first time.
1778 ~ James Cook (1728 ~ 1779) became the first known European to reach the Hawaiian Islands, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of the James Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718 ~ 1792).
1586 ~ A 7.9 magnitude earthquake, known as the Tenshō earthquake, struck in Honshu, Japan. The quake and its ensuing tsunami killed an estimated 8,000 people.
1535 ~ The Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1571 ~ 1541) founded Lima, which would become the capital of Peru.
1520 ~ Christian II, King of Denmark and Norway (1481 ~ 1559) defeated the Swedes at Lake Ȧsuden.
1486 ~ Henry VII, King of England (1457 ~ 1509) married Elizabeth of York (1466 ~ 1503), daughter of Edward IV, King of England (1442 ~ 1483). This marriage united the Houses of Lancaster and York.
1126 ~ Emperor Huizong (1082 ~ 1135) the 8th emperor of the Song dynasty abdicated the throne in favor of his son Emperor Qinzong (1100 ~ 1161).
Good-Byes:
2023 ~ David Crosby (né David Van Cortlandt Crosby; b. Aug. 14, 1941), American folk-rock superstar who created chaos offstage. He began his career as a member of The Byrds. He later was a member of the group Crosby, Stills & Nash. He was known for his outspoken personality, politics and personal troubles. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 81 following a long illness.
2022 ~ Luisa Harris (née Luisa Mae Harris; b. Feb. 10, 1955), African-American professional basketball player. She was known as the Queen of Basketball. She was the only woman to be official drafted by the NBA when she was selected by the New Orleans Jazz in 1977. She declined the invitation to join the team because she was pregnant at the time. She was born in Minter City, Mississippi. She died at a month before her 68th birthday in Mound Bayou, Mississippi.
2022 ~ André Leon Talley (b. Oct. 16, 1948), African-American fashion outsider who became a tastemaker. He was the first African-American male creative director at Vogue magazine. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died at age 73 in White Plains, New York of complications of a heart attack and Covid-19.
2020 ~ Frieda Caplan (née Frieda Rapoport; b. Aug. 10, 1923), American “Kiwi Queen” who gave Americans a taste of the exotic. She was the founder of Frieda’s Specialty Produce and brought exotic fruit to American stores. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She died at age 96 in Los Alamitos.
2018 ~ Peter Mayle (b. June 14, 1939), British author. He is best known for his memoirs of living in Provence, France. He was born in Brighton, England. He died at age 78 in Ménerbes, France.
2018 ~ Julius Lester (né Julius Bernard Lester; b. Jan. 27, 1939), African-American author of children’s books. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died 9 days before his 79th birthday in Palmer, Massachusetts.
2018 ~ Stansfield Turner (b. Dec. 1, 1923), 12th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He served in that capacity during the Carter Administration from March 1977 until January 1981. He was born in Highland Park, Illinois. He died at age 94 in Seattle, Washington.
2017 ~ Roberta Peters (née Roberta Peterman; b. May 4, 1930), American overnight success who became an opera legend. She was born in The Bronx, New York. She died of Parkinson’s disease at age 86 in Rye, New York.
2016 ~ Glenn Frye (né Glenn Lewis Frye; b. Nov. 6, 1948), American songsmith who made the band, the Eagles, superstars. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died of complications of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia at age 67 in Manhattan, New York.
2011 ~ Sargent Shriver (né Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.; b. Nov. 9, 1915), American politician who married into the Kennedy clan. He was married to Eunice Kennedy. He was the Kennedy in-law who battled poverty. He also served as the 21st United States Ambassador to France. He was the father of journalist Maria Shriver. He was born in Westminster, Maryland. He died at age 95 in Bethesda, Maryland.
2010 ~ Robert B. Parker (né Robert Brown Parker; b. Sept. 17, 1932), American author best known for creating Spenser in his detective series. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He died at age 77 of a heart attack in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2008 ~ Jimmy James (né Bertram Arthur James; b. Apr. 17, 1915), British RAF flier who was a participant in, and survivor of, the Great Escape during World War II, which was later depicted in the movie of the same name. He died at age 85.
2000 ~ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (née Margarete Lihotzky; b. Jan. 23, 1897), Austrian architect. She is best known for designing what is known as the Frankfurt kitchen. She was also a communist activist in the Austrian resistance to Nazism. She was born and died in Vienna, Austria. She died of complications of influenza just 5 days before her 103rdbirthday.
1997 ~ Paul Tsongas (né Paul Efthenuis Tsongas; b. Feb. 14, 1941), American politician from Massachusetts. He served in the United States House of Representatives and as a United States Senator. He was born and died in Lowell, Massachusetts. He died of complications of pneumonia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma less than a month before his 56thbirthday.
1995 ~ Adolf Butenandt (b. Mar. 24, 1903), German chemist and recipient of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on sex hormones. He was a member of the Nazi party and in accordance with government policy did not accept the award when it was granted. Following World War II, however, he accepted the award. He died at age 91.
1993 ~ Eleanor Hibbert (née Eleanor Alice Buford; b. Sept. 1, 1906), British author of historical romances. She wrote under several pseudonyms, including Victoria Holt. She was born in London, England. She died at age 86 while on a cruise ship somewhere between Athens, Greece and Port Said, Egypt. She was buried at sea.
1989 ~ Bruce Chatwin (né Charles Bruce Chatwin; b. May 13, 1940), English travel writer. He died following a long illness at age 48.
1980 ~ Sir Cecil Beaton (né Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton; b. Jan. 14, 1904). British fashion photographer. He died 4 days after his 76th birthday.
1974 ~ Bill Finger (né Milton Finger; b. Feb. 8, 1914), American author and co-creator, along with Bob Kane, of Batman. He was born in Denver, Colorado. He died of heart disease 21 days before his 60th birthday in Manhattan, New York.
1971 ~ Nora Stanton Blatch Barney (née Nora Stanton Blatch; b. Sept. 30, 1883), American civil engineer, architect, and women’s rights activist. She was the first woman to earn an engineering degree from Cornell University and one of the first American women to earn a degree in that field. She was the granddaughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She was born in England. She died in Greenwich, Connecticut at age 87.
1969 ~ Tsökahovi Tewanima (b. 1888), Hopi Native American Olympian distance runner. When he was a child, the United States government ordered him, and other Native American children, to attend a government-sanctioned boarding school. While attending the school, he was known as Lewis Tewanima. He competed in the 1908 and 1912 Olympics. He was born and died on a reservation in Arizona. The exact date of his birth is not known.
1963 ~ Ted Titchmarsh (né Edward Charles Titchmarsh; b. June 1, 1899), English mathematician. He died at age 63 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.
1956 ~ Konstantin Päts (b. Feb. 23, 1874), 1st President of Estonia. He served as president from April 1938 until July 1940. He died at age 81.
1952 ~ Curly Howard (né Jerome Lester Horwitz; b. Oct. 22, 1903), American actor and comedian. He was one of the Three Stooges. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 48 in San Gabriel, California.
1949 ~ Charles Ponzi (né Carlo Pietro Giovanni Guglielmo; b. Mar. 3, 1882), Italian-born criminal, for whom the term Ponzi scheme was named. He was sentenced to 5 years in federal prison on fraud charges. After being released from federal prison, the State of Massachusetts charged him with 22 counts of larceny. He was born in Lugo, Italy. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil at age 66.
1936 ~ Rudyard Kipling (né Joseph Rudyard Kipling; b. Dec. 30, 1865), British writer. In 1907, he became the first English writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Bombay, British India. He died 19 days after his 70th birthday in London, England.
1890 ~ Amadeo I, King of Spain (b. May 30, 1845). He ruled over Spain from November 1870 until February 1873. He abdicated the throne in February 1873 and Spain became a republic. He left Spain and returned to Italy, where he became the Duke of Aosta. He was married twice. His first wife was Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo (1847 ~ 1876). His second wife was Maria Letizia Bonaparte (1866 ~ 1926). He was of the House of Savoy. He was the son of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy and Adelaide of Austria. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 44.
1873 ~ Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (né Edward George Earle Lytton Bylwer-Lytton, b. May 25, 1803), British novelist, poet, playwright, and politician. He is best known for drafting the line: It was a dark and stormy night. He was born in London, England. He died at age 69.
1869 ~ Bertalan Szemere (b. Aug. 27, 1812), Hungarian poet. He also served as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was in Office from May 1849 until August 1849 during the short period of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He was born in Vatta, Hungary. He died at age 56 in Budapest, Hungary.
1862 ~ John Tyler (b. Mar. 29, 1790), 10th President of the United States. John Tyler was also the 10th Vice President, although he served in that Office for only a month. He became the first Vice President to become President following the death of an incumbent president. President William Henry Harrison had died within a month of taking office. Following his presidency, Tyler went on to serve in the Confederate Congress. He was born on Greenway Plantation in Charles City County, Virginia. Tyler died at age 71 in Richmond, Virginia.
1860 ~ John Nelson (b. June 1, 1791), 17th United States Attorney General. He served in the John Tyler administration from July 1843 until March 1845. He was born in Frederick, Maryland. He died at age 68 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1586 ~ Margaret of Parma (b. July 5, 1522), Governor of the Netherlands in her own right from 1559 to 1567 and again from 1578 to 1582. She was also the Duchess consort of Florence through her marriage to Alessandro de’Medici, Duke of Florence (1510 ~ 1537). They married in 1537. He was her first husband. After his assassination, she married Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (1524 ~ 1586). She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst. She died at age 63.
1367 ~ Peter I, King of Portugal (b. Apr. 8, 1320). He was also known as both Peter the Just and Peter the Cruel. He ruled Portugal from May 1357 until his death in 1367. He was married twice. His first wife was Constanza Manuel (1316 ~ 1349). They married in 1340. She died in childbirth in 1349. He then married his mistress, Inês de Castro (1325 ~ 1355), in 1354. He was of the House of Burgundy. He was the son of Afonso IV, King of Portugal and Infanta Beatrice of Castile. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 46.
1357 ~ Infanta Maria of Portugal (b. Feb. 9, 1313), Queen consort of Castile and León. She was the second wife of Alfonso XI, King of Castile (1311 ~ 1350). They married in 1328. It was an unhappy marriage. She was of the Portuguese House of Burgundy. She was the daughter of Afonso IV, King of Portugal and Beatrice of Castile. She was Roman Catholic. She died 22 days before her 44th birthday.
1271 ~ Saint Margaret of Hungary (b. Jan. 27, 1242), Dominican nun and Hungarian princess. She never married and had no children. She was of the Árpád dynasty. She was the daughter of Béla IV, King of Hungary and Croatia and Maria Laskarina. She died 9 days before her 28th birthday.
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