Birthdays:
1965 ~ Diane Lane (née Diane Colleen Lane), American actress. She was born in New York, New York.
1953 ~ Jim Jarmusch (né James Robert Jarmusch), American film director. He was born in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
1940 ~ Sir John Hurt (né John Vincent Hurt; d. Jan. 25, 2017), British actor who made outsiders his specialty. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. He died of pancreatic cancer 3 days after his 77th birthday in Cromer, Norfolk, England.
1938 ~ Peter Beard (né Peter Hill Beard; disappeared Mar. 31, 2020), American photographer who embraced the wild side. He split his time between a tented camp in Kenya photographing African wildlife, and New York City. He was born in New York, New York. He disappeared on Montauk Point, New York. His body was found on April 19, 2020. He was 82 years old.
1937 ~ Joseph Wambaugh (né Joseph Aloysius Wambaugh, Jr.), American police officer and author of detective novels. He was born in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1936 ~ Alan J. Heeger (né Alan Jay Heeger), American physicist. He was the recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work in the development of conductive polymers. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa.
1934 ~ Bill Bixby (né Wilfred Bailey Everett Bixby, III; d. Nov. 21, 1993), American actor. He is best known for his role as Tom Corbett on The Courtship of Eddie’s Father, and as Dr. David Banner on The Incredible Hulk. He was born in San Francisco, California. He died of prostate cancer at age 59 in Los Angeles, California.
1934 ~ Graham Kerr, English chef and author. He is best known for his cooking television show, which ran from 1969 to 1971, called The Galloping Gourmet. He was born in London, England.
1932 ~ Piper Laurie (née Rosetta Jacobs; d. Oct. 14, 2023), American actress who went from starlet to acclaim. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She died at age 91 in Los Angeles, California.
1931 ~ Sam Cooke (né Samuel Dale Cook, d. Dec. 11, 1964), African-American singer and musician. He was born in Clarksville, Mississippi. He was murdered under mysterious circumstances about a month before his 34th birthday in Chicago, Illinois.
1928 ~ Birch Bayh (né Birch Evan Bayh, Jr.; d. Mar. 14, 2019), American farmer who became a Senate giant. He served as a United States Senator from Indiana from January 1963 until January 1981. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He died at age 91 in Easton, Maryland.
1921 ~ Bill Loud (né William Carberry Loud; d. July 26, 2018), American father who headed An American Family. An American Family was considered the first television reality show. It aired on public television in 1973 and was about the daily life of an upper middle class family in California. He was born in Eugene, Oregon. He died at age 97 in Los Angeles, California.
1920 ~ Irving Kristol (d. Sept. 18, 2009), American journalist. He was known as the Godfather of Neoconservatism. He was the father of neoconservative writer Bill Kristol. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 89 in Falls Church, Virginia.
1909 ~ U Thant (d. Nov. 25, 1974), Burmese diplomat and 3rd United Nations Secretary-General. He held that position from November 1961 until November 1966. He died of lung cancer at age 65 in New York, New York.
1908 ~ Lev Landau (né Lev Davidovich Landau; d. Apr. 1, 1968), Russian physicist and recipient of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died in Moscow, Soviet Union at age 60 from complications of injuries sustained in a serious car accident that had occurred 6 year earlier.
1907 ~ Douglas Corrigan (d. Dec. 9, 1995), American pilot and engineer. He earned the nickname Wrong Way Corrigan following a flight he was to pilot from New York to California, but instead he ended up in Ireland. He was born in Galveston, Texas. He died at age 88 in Santa Ana, California.
1904 ~ George Balanchine (né Georgiy Melitonovich Balanchivadze; d. Apr. 30, 1983), Russian-born dancer and choreographer. He was a co-founder of the New York Ballet. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. He died at age 79 in New York, New York.
1898 ~ Sergei Eisenstein (né Sergei Malkailovich Eisenstein; d. Feb. 11, 1948), Soviet film director and film theorist. He is best known for his 1925 silent film Battleship Potemkin. He was born in Riga, governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire. He died of a heart attack 20 days after his 50th birthday in Moscow, USSR.
1891 ~ Antonio Gramsci (né Antonio Francesco Gramsci; d. Apr. 27, 1937), Italian political theorist, Marxist philosopher, linguist, and writer. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. He was born in Ales, Italy. He died at age 46 in Rome, Italy.
1890 ~ Fred M. Vinson (né Frederick Moore Vinson; d. Sept. 8, 1953), 13th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Harry Truman. He replaced Harlan F. Stone as Chief Justice. Earl Warren succeeded him as the Chief Justice. He served on the Court from June 1946 until his death 8 years later. He had previously served as the 53rd United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Truman administration. He was born in Louisa, Kentucky. He died unexpectedly of a heart attack at age 63 in Washington, D.C.
1880 ~ Frigyes Riesz (d. Feb. 28, 1956), Hungarian mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to functional analysis. He died at age 76 in Budapest, Hungary.
1875 ~ D.W. Griffith (né David Llewelyn Wark Griffith; d. July 23, 1948), American film director, best known for his 1915 epic film, The Birth of a Nation. He was born in Oldham County, Kentucky. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 73 in Hollywood, California.
1867 ~ Gisela Januszewska (d. Mar. 2, 1942), Austrian physician. She was born in what is now the Czech Republic. She was Jewish and was one of the few physicians to ensure that Bosnian Muslim women received proper medical care. During World War II, she was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp where she died at age 76.
1865 ~ Wilbur Scoville (né Wilbur Lincoln Scoville; d. Mar. 10, 1942), American pharmacist and chemist. He is best known for the development of the Scoville Organoleptic Test, which is the standardized scale for measuring the pungency and heat of various chili peppers. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He died at age 77 in Gainesville, Florida.
1858 ~ Beatrice Webb, Baroness Passfield (né Martha Beatrice Potter; d. Apr. 30, 1943), British sociologist and economist. She was one of the founders of the London School of Economics. She coined the phrase collective bargaining. She died at age 85.
1852 ~ Joshua Alexander (né Joshua Willis Alexander; d. Feb. 27, 1936), 2nd United States Secretary of Commerce. He served in the Woodrow Wilson administration from December 1919 until March 1921. He had previously served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri from March 1907 until December 1919. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died about a month after his 84th birthday in Gallatin, Missouri.
1849 ~ August Strindberg (né Johan August Strindberg; d. May 14, 1912), Swedish playwright best known for his play, Miss Julie. He was born and died in Stockholm, Sweden. He died at age 63 following a long illness.
1797 ~ Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria (d. Dec. 11, 1826), Queen consort of Portugal and Empress consort of Brazil. She was the first wife of Peter IV, King of Portugal (1798 ~ 1834). They married in 1817. After Peter became the Emperor of Brazil, she became the Empress consort of Brazil. She was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She was the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 29, probably of complications of childbirth.
1788 ~ Lord Byron (né George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron; d. Apr. 19, 1824), English-Scottish poet. He was born in London, England. He died at age 36.
1740 ~ Noah Phelps (d. Nov. 4, 1809), American spy during the American Revolutionary War. He was born and died in Simsbury, Connecticut. He died at age 69.
1654 ~ Captain William Kidd (d. May 23, 1701), Scottish pirate. He was convicted of piracy and murder and was hanged in London. The exact date of his birth is not known, but it is often ascribed to January 22, 1654. He was 47 at the time of his death.
1592 ~ Pierre Gassendi (d. Oct. 24, 1655), French philosopher, priest and mathematician. He was born in Champtercier, France. He died at age 63 in Paris, France.
1572 ~ John Donne (d. Mar. 31, 1631), English writer and cleric in the Church of England. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 59.
1561 ~ Sir Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban (d. Apr. 9, 1626), English statesman and philosopher. He died of pneumonia at age 65 in London, England.
1552 ~ Sir Walter Raleigh (d. Oct. 29, 1618), English explorer and adventurer. Although he had been a favorite of Queen Elizabeth, he fell out of favor. He was executed by beheading on October 29, 1618 for allegedly conspiring against King James I of England. He was born in Devon, England. He was executed in London, England. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been born on January 22, 1552, thus making him 65 at the time of his death.
1522 ~ Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans (d. Sept. 9, 1545). He was of the House of Valois-Angoulême. He was the third son of Francis I, King of France and Claude of France. He never married. He died of influenza at age 23.
1440 ~ Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. Oct. 27, 1505). He was known as Ivan the Great. He ruled as the Grand Prince of Moscow from April 1462 until his death in October 1505. He was married twice; first to Maria Borisovna of Tver(1442 ~ 1467), and then to Sophia Palaiologina (1440s ~ 1503). His first wife may have been poisoned. He was of the House of Rurik. He was the son of Vasily II, Grand Prince of Moscow and Maria of Borovsk. He was Russian Orthodox. He died at age 65.
Events that Changed the World:
2006 ~ Evo Morales (b. 1959) was inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the first indigenous president of his country. He remained in power until November 2019, when after a dispute of the elections, he fled to Mexico and was granted political asylum.
2002 ~ Kmart filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, becoming the largest retailer in the United States to do so.
1998 ~ Ted Kaczynski (1942 ~ 2023) pled guilty to all federal charges against him and acknowledged that he was responsible for sending bombs to various individuals over a 17-year period. His bombs were primarily targeted at universities. His bombs ultimately killed 3 individuals and injured 20 others.
1995 ~ A double suicide attack by the two Gazans in at the Beit Lid Junction killed 19 Israeli soldiers. It was the first suicide attack by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
1991 ~ During the Gulf War, three Iraqi SCUD missiles hit Ramat Gan in Israel killing 3 people and injuring 96 others. Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel ran for about a month, from January 17 through February 23.
1984 ~ The Apple Macintosh was introduced during the Super Bowl XVIII, with its famous 1984 television commercial. The Macintosh was the first personal computer to popularize the mouse.
1973 ~ The United States Supreme Court handed down its decision in Roe v. Wade, legalizing abortion in all 50 states. The decision was authored by Associate Justice Henry Blackmun (1908 ~ 1999). Over the next 50 years, the United States Supreme Court began to chip away at women’s rights Constitutionally guaranteed under this case. In 2022, the Supreme Court, in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, held that the Constitution does not confer women a right to abortion, effectively overruling Roe. Instead, the Court held that the individual States have the power to regulate any aspect of abortion not protected by federal law.
1968 ~ Apollo 5 carried the first Lunar module into space.
1957 ~ Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula.
1946 ~ The predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Central Intelligence Group, was founded.
1924 ~ Ramsay MacDonald (1866 ~ 1937) became the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served two terms as Prime Minister, both under the reign of George V, King of the United Kingdom.
1915 ~ A train plunged off the tracks into a canyon in Guadalajara, Mexico, killing over 600 people.
1906 ~ The SS Valencia ran aground on the rocks near Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Over 130 people were killed in the incident.
1905 ~ Russian workers staged a march on the Winter Palace that ended in a massacre by Czarist troops, known as Bloody Sunday. This event marked the beginning of the Revolution of 1905. (In accordance with the Julian calendar, this event occurred on January 9, 1905.)
1901 ~ Edward VII (1841 ~ 1910) was proclaimed King of the United Kingdom following the death of his mother, Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1819 ~ 1901).
1890 ~ The United Mine Workers of America was founded in Columbus, Ohio.
1506 ~ The first contingent of Swiss Guards arrived to defend the Vatican.
871 ~ At the Battle of Basing, the West Saxons, led by Æthelred I, King of Wessex (847 ~ 871), were defeated by the Danelaw Vikings.
Good-Byes:
2022 ~ Thích Nhất Hạnh (né Nguyễn Xuân Bảo; b. Oct. 11, 1926), Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk who became the Father of Mindfulness. He was a major influence on Western practices of Buddhism. He was born and died in Huế, Thừa Thiên-Huế Province, Vietnam. He died at age 95.
2021 ~ Hank Aaron (né Henry Louis Aaron; b. Feb. 5, 1934), African-American baseball player. He was the home run king who bested Babe Ruth. He played for 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves. He is known as Hammerin’ Hank. He was born in Mobile, Alabama. He died just 14 days before his 87th birthday in Atlanta, Georgia.
2018 ~ Ursula K. LeGuin (née Ursula Kroeber LeGuin; b. Oct. 21, 1929), American science-fiction novelist who conjured fantastic worlds. She was born in Berkeley, California. She died at age 88 in Portland, Oregon.
2015 ~ Peggy Charren (née Peggy Sundelle Walzer; b. Mar. 9, 1928), American activist who campaigned for quality children’s television. She was the founder of Action for Children’s Television. She was born in New York, New York. She died in Denham, Massachusetts at age 86.
2012 ~ Joe Paterno (né Joseph Vincent Paterno; b. Dec. 21, 1926), legendary football coach at Pennsylvania State University. He was forced to resign from his coaching position in November 2011 following the arrest of his long-time assistant coach, Jerry Sandusky, who was arrested on child sexual abuse charges. Paterno allowed his staff to ignore sexual abuse towards young boys by Sandusky, thus his resignation was due to his inaction after learning Sandusky had been abusing young boys. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died a month after his 85th birthday in State College, Pennsylvania.
2010 ~ Jean Simmons (née Jean Merilyn Simmons; b. Jan. 31, 1929), English actress who brought quiet strength to her roles. She was born in London, England. She died 9 days before her 81st birthday in Santa Monica, California.
2008 ~ Heath Ledger (né Heath Andrew Ledger; b. Apr. 4, 1979), Australian actor. He was born in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. He died of a drug overdose at age 28 in New York, New York.
2005 ~ Rose Mary Woods (b. Dec. 26, 1917), American presidential secretary who protected President Nixon during the Watergate scandal. She is best known for erasing 18 minutes of the Watergate tapes. She was born in Sebring, Ohio. She died less than a month before her 88th birthday in Alliance, Ohio.
2004 ~ Ann Miller (née Johnnie Lucille Collier; b. Apr. 12, 1923), American actor and dancer. She was born in Chireno, Texas. She died of lung cancer at age 80 in Los Angeles, California.
2002 ~ Stanley Marcus (né Harold Stanley Marcus; b. Apr. 20, 1905), American businessman and son of the co-founder of the Neiman Marcus department store. He was born and died in Dallas, Texas. He died at age 96.
2001 ~ Anne Burns (b. Nov. 23, 1915), British aeronautical engineer and glider pilot. She was an expert on clean-air turbulence due to “wind-shear.” In 1977, her glider was hit by a bird and damaged. She bailed out with minor injuries, thus, at age 62, becoming the first woman since the 1930s to become a member of the Caterpillar Club, an informal association of people to successfully use a parachute to bail out of a disabled aircraft. She died at age 85.
2000 ~ Craig Claiborne (b. Sept. 4, 1920), American journalist, restaurant critic and cookbook author. He was born in Sunflower, Mississippi. He died at age 79 in New York, New York.
1995 ~ Rose Kennedy (née Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald; b. July 22, 1890), Kennedy family matriarch and wife of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died at age 104 in Barnstable, Massachusetts.
1994 ~ Telly Savalas (né Aristotelis Savalas; b. Jan. 21, 1922), Greek American actor, best known for his role as Kojak on the television show of the same name. He was born in Garden City, New York. He died of cancer 1 day after his 72ndbirthday in Universal City, California.
1982 ~ Eduardo F. Montalva (né Eduardo Nicanor Frei Montalva; b. Jan. 16, 1911), President of Chile. He served as President from November 1964 until November 1970. He was born and died in Santiago, Chile. He died 6 days after his 71st birthday.
1980 ~ Yitzhak Baer (d. Dec. 20, 1888), German-Israeli historian. He was an expert in medieval Spanish Jewish history. He died a month after his 91st birthday in Jerusalem, Israel.
1973 ~ Lyndon B. Johnson (né Lyndon Baines Johnson; b. Aug. 27, 1908), 36th President of the United States. He began his Presidency after the assassination of President Kennedy. He served from November 1963 until January 1969. He served as the 37th Vice President from January 1961 until November 22, 1963. He was born and died in Stonewall, Texas. He died of a heart attack at age 64.
1968 ~ Duke Kahanamoku (né Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku; b. Aug. 24, 1890), Native Hawaiian American competition swimmer and surfer. He is credited with being the father of surfing. He was known as the Big Kahuna. He was born and died in Honolulu, Hawaii. He died at age 77.
1959 ~ Elisabeth Moore (née Elisabeth Holmes Moore; b. Mar. 5, 1876), American tennis player. She was a 4-time winner of the American Championship. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1971. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of congestive heart failure at age 82 in Starke, Florida.
1954 ~ Princess Margaret of Prussia (b. Apr. 22, 1872), member of the German royal family. She was the Queen consort-elect of Finland and wife of Frederick Charles, King-elect of Finland (1868 ~ 1942). They married in 1893. She was of the House of Hohenzollern. She was the daughter of Frederick III, Emperor of Germany and Victoria, Princess Royal. She was the granddaughter of Victoria, Queen of Great Britain. She died at age 81.
1951 ~ Harald Bohr (né Harald August Bohr; b. Apr. 22, 1887), Danish mathematician. He was a leading critic of the antisemitic policies in the German mathematical establishment in the 1930s. He was the brother of physicist Niels Bohr. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He died at age 63 in Gentofte, Denmark.
1945 ~ Else Lasker-Schüler (née Elisabeth Schüler; b. Feb. 11, 1869), German poet. In 1934, she fled Nazi Germany and moved to Jerusalem, where she left for the rest of her life. She died 20 days before her 76th birthday.
1933 ~ Elisabeth Marbury (b. June 19, 1856), American author and theatrical and literary agent. She was a pioneer in shaping business methods of the modern commercial theater. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died at age 76.
1925 ~ Fanny Workman (née Fanny Bullock; b. Jan. 8, 1859), American mountaineer, geographer and cartographer. She traveled around the world, including in the Himalayas, and wrote several travel books. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. She died following a long illness just 2 weeks after her 66th birthday in Cannes, France.
1922 ~ Pope Benedict XV (né Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa; b. Nov. 21, 1854). He was Pope from September 1914 until his death 8 years later. He died of pneumonia at age 67.
1922 ~ Camille Jordan (né Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan; b. Jan. 5, 1838), French mathematician. He was born in Lyon, France. He died less than 3 weeks after his 84th birthday in Paris, France.
1922 ~ Fredrik Bajer (b. Apr. 21, 1837), Danish politician and recipient of the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 84 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1909 ~ Emil Erlenmeyer (né Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer; b. June 28, 1825), German chemist best known for designing the Erlenmeyer flask. He died at age 83.
1901 ~ Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India (née Alexandrina Victoria; b. May 24, 1819). She reigned as Queen of the United Kingdom beginning when she was 18 years old in June 1835 until her death 66 years later. She was also the Empress of India from May 1878 until her death. She was born Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent. In 1849, she married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819 ~ 1862). Together they had nine children, including her successor, Edward VII, King of England. They also had 42 grandchildren, 34 or whom survived into adulthood. She was the last monarch from the House of Hanover. She was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She was Anglican. She died at age 81.
1900 ~ David E. Hughes (né David Edward Hughes; b. May 16, 1831), English scientist and musician. He was the co-inventor of the microphone. He died at age 68.
1892 ~ Joseph P. Bradley (né Joseph Philo Bradley; b. Mar. 14, 1813), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Ulysses S. Grant. His seat was established with his nomination. He was succeeded by George Shiras. He served on the Court from March 1870 until his death 22 years later. He was born in Berne, New York. He died at age 78 in Washington, D.C.
1779 ~ Jeremiah Dixon (b. July 27, 1733), English surveyor. He is best known for his work with Charles Mason (1728 ~ 1786) in determining what was later called the Mason-Dixon Line, after both surveyors. Dixon was born and died in Cocksfield, County Durham, England. He died at age 45.
1707 ~ Richard Towneley (b. Oct. 10, 1629), British mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 77.
1666 ~ Shah Jahan (b. Jan. 5, 1592), Mughal emperor. He is best known for having the Taj Mahal, built as a burial tomb for his wife. He died 17 days after his 74th birthday.
1592 ~ Elisabeth of Austria (b. July 5, 1554), Queen consort of France and wife of Charles IX, King of France (1550 ~ 1574). They married in 1570. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain. She died of pleurisy at age 37.
1188 ~ Ferdinand II, King of León and Galicia (b. 1137). He reigned from August 1157 until his death 31 years later. He was married three times. His first marriage to Urraca of Portugal (1148 ~ 1211) was annulled after 10 years due to consanguinity. They married in 1165. Little is known about the exact dates of her birth and death. She was of the Portuguese House of Burgundy. She was the daughter of Afonso I, King of Portugal and Maud of Savoy. After their marriage was annulled, she became a nun. His second wife was Teresa Fernández de Traba (d. 1180). They married in the 1778. After her death of complications of childbirth, he married Urraca López de Haro (1160 ~ 1230). She had previously been married to Nuño Meléndez. She became Ferdinan’s mistress after the death of his second wife. They married in 1187. Ferdinand was of the Castilian House of Ivrea. He was the son of Alfonso VII, King of León and Castile and Berenguela of Barcelona. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 50 or 51 at the time of his death.
935 ~ Ma, empress of the Southern Han dynasty. She reigned during the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The exact date of her birth is not known.
906 ~ He, empress of the Tang Dynasty. The date of her birth is not known.
239 ~ Cao Rui (b. 205), 2nd Chinese emperor of the State of Cao Wei. He reigned from June 226 until his death in January 239 during the Three Kingdoms period. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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