Birthdays:
1957 ~ Darryl Dawkins (d. Aug. 27, 2015), African-American professional basketball player. He was born in Orlando, Florida. He died of a heart attack at age 58 in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
1954 ~ Kailash Satyarthi, Indian engineer, and children’s peace activist. He campaigned against child labor and advocated for the universal right to education. He was the recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in Vidisha, India.
1951 ~ Carol Leigh (d. Nov. 16, 2022), American activist who invented the term “sex work”. She was a former prostitute and was known as the Scarlot Harlot, due to her curly red hair. She changed the language of prostitution from being viewed as a crime, to being a labor issue. She was born in New York, New York. She died of cancer at age 71 in San Francisco, California.
1948 ~ Larry Harvey (d. Apr. 28, 2018), American artist and freethinker who co-founded Burning Man. He was born and died in San Francisco, California. He died of a massive stroke at age 70.
1946 ~ Naomi Judd (née Diana Ellen Judd; d. Apr. 30, 2022), American country singer-songwriter who was dogged by demons. She is the mother of Wynonna Judd. She was born in Ashland, Kentucky. She suffered from depression and died by suicide at age 76 in Leiper’s Fork, Tennessee.
1942 ~ Clarence Clemmons (né Clarence Anicholas Clemmons, Jr.; d. June 18, 2011), African-American saxophonist who was the Big Man who gave Springsteen soul. He was a member of Bruce Springsteen’s E Street Band. He was born in Norfolk County, Virginia. He died in West Palm Beach, Florida of a stroke at age 69.
1933 ~ Jack Yufe (d. Nov. 9, 2015), the Trinidadian-Jewish man who found his identical ex-Nazi twin. He and his brother, Oskar Stöhr (d. 1997), were born to a German Catholic mother and a Romanian Jewish father. Their parents split when the boys were 6 months old and each twin was raised by a separate parent. Oskar lived with his strict Catholic mother in Nazi Germany, while Jack was brought up Jewish by his father who settled in the United States. Jack was raised Jewish and for a time served in the Israeli navy. Oskar, who was raised Catholic and joined the Hitler Youth, kept his Jewish identity a secret. The two met up again as young adults in 1954. Jack was 82 at the time of his death in San Diego, California.
1930 ~ Rod Taylor (né Rodney Sturt Taylor; d. Jan. 7, 2015), Australian actor who battled The Birds in Alfred Hitchcock’s 1963 movie. He died 4 days before his 85th birthday in Beverly Hills, California.
1925 ~ Grant Tinker (né Grant Almerin Tinker; d. Nov. 28, 2016), American television producer. His second wife was Mary Tyler Moore. He was born in Stamford, Connecticut. He died at age 90 in Los Angeles, California.
1924 ~ Roger Guillemin (né Roger Charles Louis Guillemin), French neuroendocrinologist and recipient of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on neurohormones. He was born in Dijon, France.
1923~ Carroll Shelby (né Carroll Hall Shelby; d. May 10, 2012), Texan chicken farmer and hot-rod designer. He was portrayed in the 2019 movie Ford vs. Ferrari. He was born in Leesburg, Texas. He died at age 89 in Dallas, Texas.
1921 ~ Juanita Kreps (née Clara Juanita Morris; d. July 5, 2010), 24th United States Secretary of Commerce. She served under President Jimmy Carter from January 1977 through October 1979. She was the first woman to hold that position and only the 4th woman to hold any cabinet position. She was born in Lynch, Kentucky. She died at age 89 in Durham, North Carolina.
1918 ~ Gunnar Sønsteby (d. May 10, 2012), Norwegian saboteur who foiled the Nazis. He was a member of the Norway resistance movement during German occupation. He was born in Rjukan, Norway. He died in Oslo, Norway at 94 years old.
1911 ~ Brunhilde Pomsel (d. Jan. 27, 2017), the German secretary who kept her Nazi past secret. She was the private secretary to Joseph Goebbels and last surviving eyewitness to the Nazi power scheme but did not speak about her role in the War until after she was 100. She insisted that she had no idea of Nazi atrocities, despite being at the heart of Goebbels’ propaganda machine. She was born in Berlin, Germany. She died 16 days after her 106th birthday in Munich, Germany.
1907 ~ Abraham Joshua Heschel (d. Dec. 23, 1972), Polish-born American rabbi, theologian, and philosopher. Heschel was a leader in the American Civil Rights movement in the United States. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. He died 19 days before his 66th birthday in New York, New York.
1906 ~ Albert Hofmann (d. Apr. 29, 2008), Swiss chemist who was the first to synthesize and try LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland. He died of a heart attack at age 102 in Burg im Leimental, Switzerland.
1887 ~ Aldo Leopold (d. Apr. 21, 1948), American author, naturalist, and environmentalist. He was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics. He was born in Burlington, Iowa. He died of a heart at age 61 in Baraboo, Wisconsin while battling a wildfire.
1885 ~ Alice Paul (née Alice Stokes Paul; d. July 9, 1877), American suffragist. She was born in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. She died at age 92 in Moorestown, New Jersey.
1870 ~ Alexander Stirling Calder (d. Jan. 7, 1945), American sculptor. He was the son of sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and the father of a son, also named Alexander Calder. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died 4 days before his 75th birthday in Manhattan, New York.
1858 ~ Harry Gordon Selfridge, Sr. (d. May 8, 1947), American businessman and founder of the the London-based Selfridges Department Store. A British television series entitled Mr. Selfridge, is a fictional account of his life. He was born in Ripon, Wisconsin. He died of pneumonia at age 89 in London, England.
1845 ~ Albert Victor Bäcklund (d. Feb. 23, 1922), Swedish mathematician. He died at age 77.
1842 ~ William James (d. Aug. 26, 1910), American philosopher and psychologist. He has been called the Father of American Psychology. He was the brother of novelist Henry James. He was born in New York, New York. He died of heart failure at age 68 in Chocorua, New Hampshire.
1815 ~ Sir John A. Macdonald (né John Alexander Macdonald; d. June 6, 1891), 1st Prime Minister of Canada. He served as Prime Minister during the reign of Queen Victoria, from October 1878 until June 1891. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He died at age 76 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
1807 ~ Ezra Cornell (d. Dec. 9, 1874), American businessman and founder of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died about a month before his 68th birthday in Ithaca, New York.
1760 ~ Oliver Wolcott, Jr. (d. June 1, 1833), American lawyer and 2nd United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served as Secretary of the Treasury from February 1795 until December 1800, under both Presidents Washington and John Adams. He subsequently served as the Governor of Connecticut from May 1817 until May 1827. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut Colony, British America. He died at age 73 in New York, New York.
1755/1757 ~ Alexander Hamilton (d. July 12, 1804), 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury. The exact year of his birth is not known. He was born in Charlestown, Nevis. He was killed one day after being shot in a duel by Aaron Burr. He is believed to have been between 47 and 49 at the time of his death. In 2015, the Broadway rap musical, Hamilton, which is based on his life, premiered in New York.
1522 ~ Eleanor of Toledo (d. Dec. 17, 1562), Duchess consort of Florence and first wife of Cosimo I de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519 ~ 1547). They married in 1539. She was of the House of Alba de Tormes. She was the daughter of Pedro de Toledo y Zúñiga and María Osorio y Pimentel. She was Roman Catholic. She died of malaria at age 40.
1650 ~ Diana Glauber (d. 1721), Dutch painter. She was known for her portraits. She stopped painting after she lost her sight. She was born in Ultrecht, Dutch Republic. The exact date of her death is not known.
1395 ~ Princess Michele of France (d. July 8, 1422), Duchess consort of Burgundy. She was the first wife of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (1396 ~ 1467). They married in 1409. She was also known as Michele of Valois. She was of the House of Valois. She was the daughter of Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. She died at age 27, most likely of poisoning one of her ladies in waiting.
347 ~ Theodosius I (d. Jan. 17, 395), Roman emperor from January 379 until his death in January 395. He was known as Theodosius the Great. He was the last Roman emperor to have ruled both the eastern and western portions of the Roman Empire. He is believed to have died 6 days after his 48th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ The State of Mississippi formally adopted a new State Flag that features a magnolia blossom surrounded by white stars and the phrase “In God We Trust.” The flag replaced the former flag, which had displayed a Confederate battle emblem.
2005 ~ A mudslide on California’s U.S. Route 101, the main coastal route between San Francisco and Los Angeles, killed 10 people and injured many more.
1972 ~ East Pakistan was renamed Bangladesh.
1964 ~ The United States Surgeon General, Dr. Luther Terry (1911 ~ 1985), published the first report saying smoking may be unhealthy.
1962 ~ An avalanche on Mount Husacarán in Peru, which was caused by a rapid increase in temperature, killed approximately 4,000 people when several towns and villages on the mountain were buried in the snow.
1949 ~ The first recorded case of significant snowfall in Los Angeles, California. In some places, up to a foot of snow accumulated in the city. The storm began on January 9 and continued through January 12.
1935 ~ Amelia Earhart (1897 ~ 1937) became the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
1927 ~ Louis B. Mayer (1884 ~ 1957), head of the film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, announced the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
1922 ~ Insulin was first used to treat diabetes. Thirteen-year-old Leonard Thompson (1908 ~ 1935) was the first person injected with insulin to treat his Type 1 diabetes.
1917 ~ An indecent known as the Kingsland explosion occurred at a munitions factory in Lyndhurst, New Jersey. The explosion was determined to be sabotage during World War I.
1912 ~ Immigrant textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts went on strike to protest the reduction in wages which the mill owners made in response to the mandated shorter work week.
1861 ~ Alabama became the 4th state to secede from the Union in the pre-Civil War era.
1787 ~ William Herschel (1738 ~ 1822) discovered two moons of Uranus: Titania and Oberon.
1759 ~ The first American life insurance company was incorporated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1693 ~ Mount Etna erupted in Italy, which was followed by a powerful earthquake that destroyed parts of Sicily and Malta.
1569 ~ The first recorded lottery was held outside Old St. Paul’s Cathedral in England. The coffers were running low, and Queen Elizabeth I (1533 ~ 1603) could either raise taxes or hold a lottery to raise money. She opted for the lottery.
1158 ~ Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia (1110 ~ 1174) became King of Bohemia. He was of the House of Přemyslid. He was the son of Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia and Richeza of Berg.
1055 ~ Theodora (980 ~ 1056) was crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
Good-Byes:
2023 ~ Charles Kimbrough (né Charles Mayberry Kimbrough; b. May 23, 1936), American actor best known for his role as Jim Dial on the television sit-com Murphy Brown. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. He died at age 86 in Culver City, California.
2019 ~ Sir Michael Atiyah (né Michael Francis Atiyah; b. Apr. 22, 1929), British mathematician specializing in geometry. He was born in London, England. He died at age 89 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
2015 ~ Anita Ekberg (née Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg; b. Sept. 29, 1931), Swedish bombshell who lit up La Dolce Vita. She was a former Miss Sweden. She died at age 83.
2015 ~ Vernon Mountcastle (Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle; b. July 15, 1919), American scientist who revealed the brain’s secrets. He discovered and characterized the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex. He was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky. He died of complications of the flu at age 96 in Baltimore, Maryland.
2014 ~ Ariel Sharon (né Ariel Scheinermann, b. Feb. 26, 1928), 11th Prime Minister of Israel. He was a retired General. He had been a commander in the Israeli Army from its inception in 1948, thus he led Israel in war and peace. He suffered a massive stroke in January 2006 and remained in a coma for the rest of his life. He died at age 85 in Ramat Gan, Israel.
2013 ~ Aaron Swartz (né Aaron Hillel Swartz; b. Nov. 8, 1986), Computer wizard whose activism for an open Web led to wire-fraud charges. He was arrested on computer hacking and died by suicide before his trial. He was born in Highland Pari, Illinois. He died at age 26 in Brooklyn, New York.
2010 ~ Éric Rohmer (né Maurice Henri Joseph Schérer; b. Mar. 21, 1920), French film director who specialized in art-house fare. He was born in Tulle, France. He died at age 89 in Paris, France.
2010 ~ Miep Gies (née Hermine Santruschitz; b. Feb. 15, 1909), Dutch secretary who help hide Anne Frank and her family during World War II. Following the War, she discovered and preserved Anne Frank’s diary. She was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. She died about a month before her 101st birthday in Hoorn, North Holland, Netherlands.
2008 ~ Sir Edmund Hillary (né Edmund Percival Hillary; b. July 20, 1919), New Zealand mountaineer and explorer. He led the first expedition known to have reached the top of Mt. Everest. He was born and died in Auckland, New Zealand. He died at age 88.
2004 ~ Spalding Gray (né Spalding Rockwell Gray; b. June 5, 1941), American actor and writer. He was bornin Providence, Rhode Island. He died by a drowning suicide at age 62 in New York, New York.
2000 ~ Ivan Combe (né Ivan DeBlois Combe; b. Apr. 21, 1911), American businessman and developer of Clearasil. He was born in Fremont, Iowa. He died at age 88 in Greenwich, Connecticut.
1991 ~ Carl David Anderson (b. Sept. 3, 1905), American physicist and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the positron. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 85 in San Marino, California.
1988 ~ Isidor Isaac Rabi (né Israel Isaac Rabi; b. July 29, 1898), Hungarian-born American physicist and recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance. He died at age 89 in New York, New York.
1982 ~ Paul Lynde (né Paul Edward Lynde; b. June 13, 1926), American comedian and game show panelist. He was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio. He died of a heart attack at age 55 in Beverly Hills, California.
1968 ~ Moshe Zvi Segal (b. Sept. 23, 1876), Israeli rabbi and Talmudic scholar. He died at age 91.
1954 ~ Oscar Straus (né Oscar Nathan Strauss; b. Mar. 6, 1870), Viennese operetta composer. He died at age 83.
1941 ~ Emanuel Lasker (b. Dec. 24, 1868), German mathematician. He was the World Chess Champion for 27 years, from 1894 until 1921. He was born in Berlinchen, Prussia (now Barlinek, Poland). He died of a kidney infection 17 days after his 72nd birthday in New York, New York.
1928 ~ Thomas Hardy (b. June 2, 1840), English writer best known for his novels, Jude the Obscure and Far from the Madding Crowd. He died at age 87.
1914 ~ Carl Jacobsen (né Carl Christian Hillman Jacobsen; b. Mar. 2, 1842), Dutch brewer and patron of the arts. The Carlsberg Brewery is named after him. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He died at age 71.
1905 ~ Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter (b. Apr. 15, 1847), Polish Hasidic rabbi. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. He died at age 57 in Ger, Poland.
1893 ~ Benjamin Franklin Butler (b. Nov. 5, 1818), 33rd Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor from January 1883 until January 1884. He was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire. He died at age 74 in Washington, D.C.
1874 ~ Gail Borden, II (b. Nov. 9, 1801), American publisher and inventor. He invented condensed milk. After his death, the name of his company, the New York Condensed Milk Company, was renamed the Borden Dairy Company. He was born in Norwich, New York. He died at age 72 in Bordon, Texas.
1843 ~ Francis Scott Key (b. Aug. 1, 1779), American lawyer who is best known for writing the words to the Star-Spangled Banner, the American National Anthem. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland. He died at age 63 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1836~ John Molson (b. Dec. 28, 1763), English-born Canadian brewer and founder of the Molson Brewing Company. He died 14 days after his 72nd birthday.
1794 ~ Robert Forsythe (b. 1754), the first United States Marshal to be killed while carrying out his duties. He was born in Scotland. He was killed in Augusta, Georgia while trying to serve court papers. He was about 40 years old at the time of his death and left a widow with 2 sons.
1757 ~ Louis Bertrand Castel (b. Nov. 15, 1688), French Jesuit priest and mathematician. He died at age 68.
1494 ~ Domenico Ghirlandiao (b. June 2, 1449), Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. He was born and died in Florence, Republic of Florence. He died at age 45.
937 ~ Lui, Chinese Empress of Later Tang and wife of Li Congke. She died in a mass suicide. The date of her birth is not known.
937 ~ Li Congke (b. Feb. 11, 885), Chinese Emperor and last emperor of the Later Tang dynasty. He ruled from May 834 until January 937. He died in a mass suicide a month before his 52nd birthday.
937 ~ Cao, Chinese Empress of Later Tang and wife of Later Tang’s second Emperor Li Siyuan. The date of her birth is not known. She died in a mass suicide.
705 ~ Pope John VI (b. 655). He was Pope from October 701 until his death on this date 3 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been about 49 or 50 at the time of his death.
142 ~ Pope Hyginus. Very little is known about this Pope who reigned from approximately 136 until his death in 142.
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