Birthdays:
1969 ~ Giles Coren (né Giles Robin Patrick Coren), British columnist and food writer. He was born in Paddington, London, England.
1953 ~ Ken Burns (né Kenneth Lauren Burns), American documentary film director. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1953 ~ Tim Gunn (né Timothy MacKenzie Gunn), American fashion consultant and television host. He was born in Washington, D.C.
1950 ~ Jenny Holzer, American conceptual artist. She was born in Gallipolis, Ohio.
1944 ~ Jim Bridwell (d. Feb. 16, 2018), American renegade rock climber who conquered Yosemite. He was born in San Antonio, Texas. He died in Palm Springs California at age 73 from complications of hepatitis, which he acquired from a tattoo in the 1980s.
1942 ~ Tony Sirico (né Gennaro Anthony Sirico, Jr.; d. July 8, 2022), The ex-mobster and actor who knew how to play them. He had been arrested numerous times and spent time in prison before taking up acting. He is best known for his role as Paulie “Walnuts” Gaultieri in The Sopranos. He was born in New York, New York. He died 3 weeks before his 80th birthday in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
1940 ~ Betty Harris, African-American chemist. She received her Ph.D. at the University of New Mexico. She is known for her work on the chemistry of explosives. She was born in Monroe, Louisiana.
1938 ~ Peter Jennings (né Peter Charles Archibald Ewart Jennings; d. Aug. 7, 2005), Canadian television journalist. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He died of lung cancer 9 days after his 67th birthday in New York, New York.
1937 ~ Daniel McFadden (né Daniel Little McFadden), American economist and recipient of the 2000 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina.
1936 ~ Elizabeth Dole (née Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford), United States Senator from North Carolina and wife of Bob Dole. She served as a United States Senator from January 2003 until January 2009. She also served as the 20thUnited States Secretary of Labor during the George H.W. Bush administration from January 1989 until November 1990. She had previously served as the 8th United States Secretary of Transportation during the Reagan administration from February 1983 until September 1987. She was born in Salisbury, North Carolina.
1934 ~ Albert Speer, Jr. (d. Sept. 15, 2017), German architect who worked to escape his Nazi father’s legacy. He was born in Berlin a year after Hitler took power. He became one of Germany’s most successful architects. He died at age 83 in Frankfurt, Germany.
1932 ~ Nancy Kasselbaum (née Nancy Landon), American politician. She served as a United States Senator from Kansas from December 1978 until 1997. She was the daughter of Alf Landon. After her divorce from her first husband, she married politician Howard Baker. She was born in Topeka, Kansas.
1930 ~ Paul Taylor (né Paul Belville Taylor, Jr.; d. Aug. 29, 2018), American choreographer who found light in darkness. He was born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. He died of renal failure a month after his 88th birthday in Manhattan, New York.
1925 ~ Harold W. Kuhn (né Harold William Kuhn; d. July 2, 2014), American mathematician. He was born in Santa Monica, California. He died 27 days before his 89th birthday in New York, New York.
1924 ~ Black Dahlia (née Elizabeth Short, d. Jan. 15, 1947), American waitress and murder victim. She was the victim of a gruesome and highly publicized murder, which remains unsolved. She was born in Hyde Park, Massachusetts. Her body was found in Los Angeles, California. She was 22 years old at the time of her death.
1917 ~ Rochus Misch (d. Sept. 5, 2013), German bodyguard who defended Hitler to the end. He served as a bodyguard and telephone operator to Hitler. He died at age 96 in Berlin, Germany.
1915 ~ Francis W. Sargent (né Francis Williams Sargent; d. Oct. 22, 1998), 64th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor from January 22, 1969 through January 2, 1975. He was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts. He died at age 83 in Dover, Massachusetts.
1914 ~ Irwin Corey (d. Feb. 6, 2017), American madcap comedian who mocked expertise. He was the world’s foremost authority on intellectual doublespeak. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 102.
1911 ~ Foster Furcolo (né John Foster Furcolo; d. July 5, 1995), 60th Governor of Massachusetts. He served as governor from January 1957 to January 1961. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died 3 weeks before his 84th birthday.
1905 ~ Dag Hammarskjöld (d. Sept. 18, 1961), Swedish economist. He also served as the 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations. He was killed in a plane crash on a mission to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in September 1961. Later that year, he was posthumously awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, being one of a very few honored with a Nobel Prize after death. He was 56 at the time of his death.
1905 ~ Clara Bow (née Clara Gordon Bow; d. Sept. 27, 1965), American silent film star, known as The It Girl, because of her role in the film It. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died at age 60 of a heart attack in Culver City, California.
1905 ~ Stanley Kunitz (né Stanley Jasspon Kunitz; d. May 14, 2006), American Poet Laureate. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He died at age 100 in New York, New York.
1900 ~ Eyvind Johnson (né Olof Edvin Verner Johsson; d. Aug 25, 1976), Swedish author and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died in Stockholm, Sweden just 27 days after his 76th birthday.
1898 ~ Isidor Isaac Rabi (né Israel Isaac Rabi, d. Jan. 11, 1988), Hungarian-born American physicist and recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance. He died at age 89 in New York, New York.
1885 ~ Theda Bara (née Theodosia Burr Goodman; d. Apr. 7, 1955), American silent film actress best known for her role in The Vamp. She was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died of stomach cancer at age 69 in Los Angeles, California.
1883 ~ Benito Mussolini (né Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini; d. Apr. 28, 1945), Fascist dictator of Italy. He served as the 27th Prime Minister of Italy from October 1922 until July 1943. He was executed by a firing squad, which consisted of members of the Italian resistance movement. He was 61.
1878 ~ Don Marquis (né Donald Robert Perry Marquis; d. Dec. 29, 1937), American humorist, journalist and author. He was born in Walnut, Illinois. He died of a stroke at age 59 in New York, New York.
1869 ~ Booth Tarkington (né Newton Booth Tarkington; d. May 19, 1946), American novelist. He is best known for his novel The Magnificent Ambersons. He was born and died in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died at age 76.
1861 ~ Alice Roosevelt (née Alice Hathaway Lee, d. Feb. 14, 1884), first wife of Theodore Roosevelt. She was born in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. She died of Bright’s Disease just 2 days after giving birth to their only child, named Alice Lee Roosevelt. She died in Manhattan, New York at age 22.
1849 ~ Max Nordau (né Simon Maximilian Südfeld; d. Jan. 23, 1923), Hungarian physician and co-founder, along with Theodor Herzl, of the World Zionist Organization. He was born in Pest, Kingdom of Hungary (currently known as Budapest, Hungary). He died at age 73 in Paris, France.
1805 ~ Alexis de Toqueville (né Alex Charles Henri Clérel de Tocqueville; d. Apr. 16, 1859), French historian and political scientist. He is best known for his work, Democracy in America. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 53 of tuberculosis in Cannes, France.
1356 ~ Martin the Elder, King of Aragon and King of Sicily (d. May 31, 1410). He reigned as King of Aragon from May 1396 until his death, and he ruled as King of Sicily from July 1409 until his death a year later. He was married twice. His first wife was María López de Luna, with whom he had 4 children, only one of which survived. His second wife was Margaret of Prades. There were no children of his second marriage. He was of the Aragon House of Barcelona. He was the son of Peter IV, King of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 53.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ The International Space Station temporarily spun out of control, moving 45 degrees out of attitude as a result of an engine malfunction of the Russian module Nauka.
1987 ~ British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1925 ~ 2013) and French President François Mitterand (1916 ~ 1996) signed an agreement to build a tunnel under the English Channel. The Tunnel opened in May 1994 and the first passenger service began in November 1994.
1981 ~ Britain’s Prince Charles (b. 1948) and Lady Diana Spencer (1961 ~ 1997) were married in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. They divorced in 1996.
1976 ~ David Berkowitz (b. 1953), who called himself the “Son of Sam”, committed his first murder.
1958 ~ President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890 ~ 1969) signed into law the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1957 ~ The International Atomic Energy Agency was established.
1948 ~ The Summer Olympics of 1948 opened in London, England. The games ran through August 14. It was the first Summer Olympics since 1936.
1921 ~ Adolf Hitler (1889 ~ 1945) became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.
1914 ~ The Cape Cod Canal opened. The Canal connects Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay.
1899 ~ The First Hague Convention international treaty was signed.
1836 ~ The Arc de Triomphe in Paris was inaugurated.
1588 ~ In the naval Battle of Gravelines, the English under the command of Lord Charles Howard (1536 ~ 1624) and Sir Francis Drake (1540 ~ 1596) defeated the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
1565 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 ~ 1587), married her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545 ~ 1567), Duke of Albany in Edinburgh, Scotland. He would be murdered within two years.
587 BCE ~ The traditional date ascribed to the destruction of Jerusalem and the First Temple by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Carl Levin (né Carl Milton Levin; b. June 28, 1934), American long-serving senator who grilled CEOs. He was a Democrat United States Senator from Michigan who served from January 1979 until January 2015. He was known for grilling Goldman Sachs at the 2010 hearings into their financial crisis. He was born and died in Detroit, Michigan. He died of lung cancer a month after his 87th birthday.
2021 ~ Jon Lindbergh (né Jon Morrow Lindbergh; b. Aug. 16, 1932), American son of aviator Charles Lindbergh who found adventure at sea. He was an aquanaut who worked as a United States Navy demolition expert. He was born in New York, New York. He died of renal cancer less than 3 weeks before his 89th birthday in Lewisburg, West Virginia.
2018 ~ Nikolai Volkoff (né Josip Hrvoje Peruzoviċ; b. Oct. 14, 1947), Yugoslav-born wrestler who played a Soviet villain in the ring. He died at age 70 in Glen Arm, Maryland.
2013 ~ Peter Flanigan (né Peter Magnus Flanigan; b. June 21, 1923), American investment banker and Nixon aide who pioneered education reform. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Salzburg, Austria just over a month after his 90th birthday.
2011 ~ Matthew Perry (né Matthew James Perry, Jr.; b. Aug. 3, 1921), African-American Federal District Court Judge and attorney who fought for civil rights. He was born and died in Columbia, South Carolina. He died 5 days before his 90thbirthday.
2009 ~ Dina Gottliebová Babbitt (née Annemarie Dina Gottliebová, b. Jan. 21, 1923), Czech-born Auschwitz prisoner who survived by painting. She had been selected to paint portraits of Romani inmates. She was born in Brno, Czechia. She died of stomach cancer at age 86 in Felton, California.
2008 ~ Bruce Ivins (né Bruce Edwards Ivins; b. Apr. 22, 1946), American scientist and bio-defense research. He was the primary suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks. He was born in Lebanon, Ohio. He committed suicide at age 62 after learning that the FBI was about to file charges against him.
2007 ~ Tom Snyder (né Thomas James Snyder; b. May 12, 1936), American journalist and talk show host. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconcin. He died of leukemia at age 71 in San Francisco, California.
1996 ~ Marcel-Paul Schützenberger (b. Oct. 24, 1920), French mathematician. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 75.
1994 ~ Dorothy Hodgkin (née Dorothy Mary Crowfoot; b. May 12, 1910), British biochemist and recipient of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography and was able to confirm the structure of penicillin. She was born in Cairo, Egypt. She died of a stroke at age 84.
1983 ~ David Niven (né James David Graham Nevin; b. Mar. 1, 1910), British actor. He was born in London, England. He died at age 73.
1983 ~ Luis Buñuel (b. Feb. 22, 1900), Spanish film director. He died at age 83 in Mexico City, Mexico.
1974 ~ “Mama” Cass Elliot (née Ellen Naomi Cohen; b. Sept. 19, 1941), American singer and member of The Mamas and Papas. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died of a heart attack at age 32 in London, England.
1913 ~ Tobias Asser (né Tobias Michael Carel Asser; b. Apr. 28, 1838), Dutch lawyer and recipient of the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the field of private international law. He was born in Amsterdam, United Kingdom of the Netherlands. He died at age 75 in The Hague, Netherlands.
1900 ~ Umberto I, King of Italy (b. Mar. 14, 1844). He ruled Italy from January 9, 1878 until his assassination on July 29, 1900. He was married to Margherita of Savoy. He was of the House of Savoy. He was the son of Victor Emanuele II, King of Italy and Adelaide of Austria. He was born on his father’s 24th birthday. He was 56 at the time of his assassination.
1890 ~ Vincent van Gogh (né Vincent Willem van Gogh; b. Mar. 30, 1853), Dutch painter. He died by suicide at age 37.
1856 ~ Robert Schumann (b. June 8, 1810), German composer. He was married to composer Clara Schumann. He died of pneumonia at age 46.
1839 ~ Gaspard de Prony (né Gaspard Clair François Marie Riche de Prony; b. July 22, 1755), French mathematician. His name is one of 72 inscribed in the Eiffel Tower. He died 7 days after his 84th birthday.
1781 ~ Johann Kies (b. Sept. 14, 1713), German mathematician. The crater on the moon Kies is named in his honor. He died at age 67.
1692 ~ Sarah Good (née Sarah Solart; b. July 21, 1653), American woman accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials. She was convicted of witchcraft. She was born in Wenham, Massachusetts. She was executed by hanging in Danvers, Massachusetts 8 days after her 39th birthday.
1644 ~ Pope Urban VIII (né Maffeo Barberini; b. Apr. 5, 1568). He was Pope from August 1623 until his death 21 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he was baptized on April 5, 1568. He died at age 76 in Rome, Papal States.
1589 ~ Maria of Palatinate-Simmern (b. July 24, 1561), Duchess of Södermanland. She was the first wife of Prince Charles, Duke of Södermanland, who later became Charles IX, King of Sweden. She died, however, before he became king. She was of the House of Wittelsbach. She was the daughter of Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse. She died following a long illness just 5 days after her 28th birthday.
1237 ~ Ingeborg of Denmark (b. 1174), Queen consort of France and second wife of King Philip II of France. She was of the House of Estridsen. She was the daughter of Valdemar I, King of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 62 or 63 at the time of her death.
1108 ~ Philip I, King of the Franks (b. May 23, 1052). He ruled from 1059 until his death in 1108. He was married twice. His first wife was Bertha of Holland. His second wife was Bertrade de Montfort. He was of the House of Capet. He was the son of Henry I, King of France and Anne of Kiev. He died at age 56.
1099 ~ Pope Urban II (né Ortho de Lagery; b. 1042). He was Pope from March 1088 until his death 11 years later. He is best known for initiating the First Crusade, from 1096 to 1099. He died before the fall of Jerusalem was known in the West. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 57 at the time of his death.
1095 ~ Ladislaus I, King of Hungary (b. 1040). He ruled Hungary from 1077 until his death in 1095. He was married to Adelaide of Rheinsfelden. He was of the Árpád Dynasty. He was the son of Béla I, King of Hungary and Richeza of Poland. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 54 or 55 at the time of his death.
1030 ~ Olaf II Haraldsson, King of Norway (b. 995). He ruled Norway from 1015 until his 1028. He was married to Astrid Olofsdotter of Sweden. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been about 34 or 35 at the time of his death.
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