Birthdays:
1997 ~ Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist for education for girls. In October 2012, because of her belief that young women should receive an education, she was shot in the head by the Taliban. At age 17, she was the youngest recipient of any Nobel Prize. She was awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize. She was born in Mingora, Pakistan.
1957 ~ Rick Husband (né Rick Douglas Husband; d. Feb. 1, 2003), American astronaut who was the Commander of the Space Shuttle Columbia when it disintegrated during reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. He was born in Amarillo, Texas. He was 45 years old at the time of his death.
1956 ~ Mel Harris (née Mary Ellen Harris), American actress best known for her role as Hope Steadman on ThirtySomething. She was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
1948 ~ Jay Thomas (né Jon Thomas Terrell; d. Aug. 24, 2017), American actor best known for his role as Eddie LaBec on Cheers and as Jerry Gold on Murphy Brown. He was born in Kermit, Texas. He died of throat cancer at age 69 in Santa Barbara, California.
1937 ~ Bill Cosby (né William Henry Cosby, Jr.), American comedian. In 2015, he became caught up in a sex scandal. In 2018, he was convicted of 3 counts of aggravated indecent assault and sentenced to 2 to10 years in prison. On June 30, 2021, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court overturned his sexual assault conviction. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1937 ~ Robert McFarlane (né Robert Carl McFarlane; d. May 12, 2022), 13th United States National Security Advisor. He served under President Ronald Reagan from October 1983 until December 1985. He was the Iran-Contra operative who lived with regret. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died at age 84 in Lansing, Michigan.
1935 ~ Satoshi Ōmura, Japanese biochemist and recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
1934 ~ Van Cliburn (né Harvey Lavan Cliburn, Jr.; d. Feb. 27, 2013), American pianist who became a Cold War hero. He entered into, and won, the International Tchaikovsky Competition in 1958. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He died at age 78 in Fort Worth, Texas.
1933 ~ Donald E. Westlake (né Donald Edwin Westlake; d. Dec. 31, 2008), American prolific writer who was a master of mysteries. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 75 while on vacation in Mexico.
1928 ~ Elias James Corey, American organic chemist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Methuen, Massachusetts.
1923 ~ Sy Berger (né Seymour Perry Berger; d. Dec. 14, 2014), American Topps salesman who reinvented the baseball card. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 91 in Rockville Centre, New York.
1922 ~ Mark Hatfield (né Mark Odom Hatfield; d. Aug. 7, 2011), American republican from Oregon who strove for the center. He had also served as the 29th Governor of Oregon. He was born in Dallas, Oregon. He died less than a month after his 89th birthday in Portland, Oregon.
1917 ~ Andrew Wyeth (né Andrew Newell Wyeth, d. Jan. 16, 2009), American artist who painted the American psyche. He was born and died in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. He died at age 91 and is buried in Cushing, Maine.
1913 ~ Willis Lamb, Jr. (né Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr.; d. May 15, 2008), American physicist and recipient of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 94 in Tuscon, Arizona.
1908 ~ Milton Berle (né Mendel Berlinger; d. Mar. 27, 2002), American actor and comedian. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 93 in Los Angeles, California.
1904 ~ Pablo Neruda (né Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto; d. Sept. 23, 1973), Chilean poet and recipient of the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died under mysterious circumstances at age 69. In 2013, his body was exhumed to determine whether or not he had been murdered. The results were indecisive.
1895 ~ Oscar Hammerstein, II (né Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein, II; d. Aug. 23, 1960), American lyricist. He was born in New York, New York. He died of stomach cancer at age 65 in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
1895 ~ R. Buckminster Fuller (né Richard Buckminster Fuller; d. July 1, 1983), American architect. He was born in Milton, Massachusetts. He died 11 days before his 88th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1884 ~ Amedeo Modigliani (né Amedeo Clemente Modigliani; d. Jan. 24, 1920), Italian painter and sculptor. He died of tubercular meningitis at age 35 in Paris, France.
1884 ~ Louis B. Mayer (né Lazar Meir; d. Oct. 29, 1957), Russian-born American movie producer. He was a cofounder of MGM studios. He died of leukemia at age 73 in Los Angeles, California.
1879 ~ Margherita Piazzola Beloch (d. Sept. 28, 1976), Italian mathematician. She is best known for her contribution to mathematical paper folding and algebraic topology. She was born in Frascati, Italy. She died at age 97 in Rome, Italy.
1872 ~ Emil Hácha (d. June 27, 1945), 3rd President of Czechoslovakia. He served as President from November 1938 until March 1939, when the country came under German control. He died three weeks before his 73rd birthday under mysterious circumstances.
1870 ~ Louis II, Prince of Monaco (né Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi, d. May 9, 1949). He reigned over Monaco from June 11922 until his death in 1940. He was married to Ghislaine Dommanget. He was of the House of Grimaldi. He was the son of Albert I, Prince of Monaco and Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton. He died at age 78.
1854 ~ George Eastman (d. Mar. 14, 1932), American inventor and pioneer in the field of photography. He founded the Eastman Kodak Company. He was born in Waterville, New York. He died by suicide at age 77 in Rochester, New York.
1852 ~ Hipólito Yrigoyen (d. July 3, 1933), President of Argentina. He served two terms: the first from October 1916 until October 1922, and the second from October 1928 until September 1930. He was born and died in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died 9 days before his 81st birthday.
1849 ~ Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet (d. Dec. 29, 1919), Canadian physician and one of the founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was the first physician to bring medical students out of the lecture hall and into the wards for bedside clinical training. He died at age 70.
1817 ~ Henry David Thoreau (d. May 6, 1862), American author and philosopher. He was born and died in Concord, Massachusetts. He died of bronchitis at age 44.
1730 ~ Josiah Wedgwood (d. Jan. 3, 1795), English potter and founder of the Wedgwood Company. He died at age 64.
1651 ~ Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain (d. Mar. 12, 1673), Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire. She was the first wife of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain and Mariana of Austria. She died at age 21 of complications of childbirth.
Events that Changed the World:
2006 ~ The Lebanon-Israel conflict began. The conflict ran through mid-August 2006 and ended in a stalemate.
1984 ~ Geraldine Ferraro (1935 ~ 2011) became the first women to run for Vice President of the United States on a major party ticket.
1962 ~ The Rolling Stones performed their first public concert. The concert was held at the Marquee Club in London, England.
1917 ~ Illegal kidnapping and deportation of about 1,300 striking mine workers and their supporters. A posse of about 2,000 were deputized and “authorized” to arrest the strikers. The deportation began in Bisbee, Arizona and the strikers were transported to New Mexico. This was known at the Bisbee Deportation.
1862 ~ The United States Congress authorized the Medal of Honor for personal acts of valor above and beyond the call of duty.
1812 ~ During the War of 1812, the United States invaded Canada.
1562 ~ Fray Diego de Landa (1524 ~ 1579), the acting Bishop of the Yucatán, ordered the sacred books of the Mayans be burned.
1561 ~ St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow was consecrated.
1543 ~ Henry VIII, King of (1491 ~ 1547) married his sixth and final wife, Catherine Parr (1512 ~ 1548).
Good-Bye:
2021 ~ Edwin W. Edwards (né Edwin Washington Edwards; b. Aug. 7, 1927), American politician and four-term Governor of the State of Louisiana. He was the roguish governor who played fast and loose. He was born in Marksville, Louisiana. He died in Gonzales, Louisiana less than a month before his 94th birthday.
2016 ~ David Margolis (b. Dec. 18, 1939), American eccentric prosecutor who took on the mob. He was the head of the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section of United States Department of Justice for 14 years. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He died of heart disease in Church Falls, Virginia. He was 76 years old.
2013 ~ Amar Bose (né Amar Gopal Bose; b. Nov. 2, 1929), American engineer who pioneered acoustic excellence. He was the founder of the Bose Company. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 83 in Wayland, Massachusetts.
2008 ~ Tony Snow (né Robert Anthony Snow; b. June 1, 1955), 26th White House Press Secretary. He was the sharp-tongued broadcaster who spoke for President George W. Bush. He was born in Berea, Kentucky. He died at age 53 from colon cancer in Washington, D.C.
1996 ~ John Chancellor (né John William Chancellor; b. July 14, 1927), American journalist and news anchor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died of stomach cancer 2 days before his 69th birthday in Princeton, New Jersey.
1973 ~ Lon Chaney, Jr. (né Creighton Tull Chaney; b. Feb. 10, 1906), American actor best known for his role in early silent horror films. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Territory. He died of heart failure at age 67 in San Clemente, California.
1945 ~ Boris Galerkin (b. March 4, 1871), Russian mathematician. He died at age 74 Moscow, Soviet Union.
1935 ~ Alfred Dreyfus (b. Oct. 9, 1859), Jewish French military officer and target of the anti-Semitism in the Dreyfus Affair. He was accused of treason solely based on the basis of his religion. He was ultimately exonerated of all charges. He died at age 75 in Paris, France.
1934 ~ Ole Evinrude (né Ole Andreassen Aaslundeie; b. Apr. 19, 1877), Norwegian inventor of the outboard motor. He was born in Gjøvik, Norway. He died at age 57 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1931 ~ Nathan Söderblom (né Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom; b. Jan. 15, 1866), Swedish archbishop and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 65.
1926 ~ Gertrude Bell (née Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell; b. July 14, 1868), English archaeologist, writer and spy. She died 2 days before her 58th birthday of an overdose of sleeping pills in Baghdad, Iraq. Her death may have been a suicide.
1914 ~ Horace Lurton (né Horace Harmon Lurton; b. Feb. 26, 1844), Associate Justice on the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President William Taft. He replaced Rufus Peckham on the Court. He was succeeded on the Court by James Clark McReynolds. He was nominated to the Court at age 65, making him the oldest Justice at the time to be appointed. He served on the Court for 5 years. He was born in Newport, Kentucky. He died of a sudden heart attack in Atlantic City, New Jersey while still in Office at age 70.
1910 ~ Charles Rolls (né Charles Stewart Rolls; b. Aug. 27, 1887), English engineer and aviator. He was the co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited. He died at age 32 in an air crash accident.
1892 ~ Alexander Cartwright, Jr. (né Alexander Joy Cartwright, Jr.; b. Apr. 17, 1820), American firefighter. He is credited with inventing the game of baseball. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 72 in Honolulu, O’ahu, Kingdom of Hawaii.
1849 ~ Dolley Madison (née Dorothea Dandridge Payne; b. May 20, 1768), American First Lady and wife of President James Madison. She had previously been married to John Todd. He died of yellow fever at age 29. She then married James Madison. She was born in Guilford County, North Carolina. She died at age 81 in Washington, D.C.
1804 ~ Alexander Hamilton (b. Jan. 11, 1755/1757), 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury. The exact year of his birth is not known. He was born in Nevis. He was killed one day after being shot in a duel by Aaron Burr in Manhattan, New York. He is believed to have been between 47 and 49 at the time of his death. In 2015, the Broadway rap musical, Hamilton, which is based on his life, premiered in New York.
1682 ~ Jean-Félix Picard (b. July 21, 1620), French astronomer. He died at less than 2 weeks before his 62nd birthday in Paris, France.
1536 ~ Desiderius Erasmus (né Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus; b. Oct. 28, 1466), Dutch theologian and philosopher. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is generally believed to have been born on October 28. He was 69 years old.
965 ~ Meng Chang (b. 919), 2nd and last Chinese Emperor of the Later Shu dynasty. The exact date of his birth is not known.
783 ~ Bertrada of Laon (b. 720s), Queen consort of Franks. She was the wife of Pipin the Short, King of the Franks and mother of Charlemagne. She was the daughter of Charibert of Laon and an unnamed mother.
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