Birthdays:
1977 ~ Lana Parrilla (née Lana Maria Parrilla), American actress. She is best known for her role as the Evil Queen on the television drama, Once Upon a Time. She was born in New York, New York.
1972 ~ Scott Foley (né Scott Kellerman Foley), American actor. He was born in Kansas City, Kansas.
1971 ~ Jim Rash (né James Rash), American actor best known for his role as Dean Craig Pelton on the television sit-com Community. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.
1966 ~ Kristoff St. John (d. Feb. 3, 2019), African-American actor. He portrayed Neil Winters on The Young and the Restless. He died of heart failure at age 52. He was born in New York, New York and died in Los Angeles, California.
1961 ~ Lolita Davidovich (née Lolita Davidović), Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Blaze Starr in the 1989 movie Blaze. She was born in London, Ontario, Canada.
1961 ~ Forest Whitaker (né Forest Steven Whitaker, III), American actor. He was born in Longview, Texas.
1956 ~ Marky Ramone (né Mark Steven Bell), American drummer and member of the Ramones. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1951 ~ Jesse Ventura (né James George Janos), American professional wrestler and politician. He served as the 38thGovernor of Minnesota. He served from January 1999 until January 2003. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
1950 ~ Arianna Huffington (née Ariadnē-Anna Stasinopoúlo), Greek-born American journalist and founder of The Huffington Post. She was born in Athens, Greece.
1946 ~ Linda Ronstadt (née Linda Marie Ronstadt), American musician. She was born in Tucson, Arizona.
1945 ~ Jan-Michael Vincent (d. Feb. 10, 2019), American hard-living actor and star of Airwolf who crashed and burned. He was born in Denver, Colorado. He died of cardiac arrest at age 73 in Asheville, North Carolina.
1936 ~ Larry Cohen (né Lawrence George Cohen; d. Mar. 23, 2019), American B-movie director who made schlock with a purpose. He was known for his horror and sci-fi films. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 82 in Beverly Hills, California.
1935 ~ Alex Karras (né Alexander George Karras; d. Oct. 10, 2012), American football player and actor. He was born in Gary, Indiana. He died at age 77 in Los Angeles, California.
1935 ~ Ken Kercheval (d. Apr. 21, 2019), American actor best known for his role as Cliff Barnes on the television drama Dallas. He was born in Wolcottville, Indiana. He died of lung cancer at age 83 in Clinton, Indiana.
1933 ~ Julian Bream (né Julian Alexander Bream; d. Aug. 14, 2020), British virtuoso who elevated the classical guitar and lute. He was born in London, England. He died a month after his 87th birthday.
1931 ~ Clive Cussler (né Clive Eric Cussler; d. Feb. 24, 2020), American scuba-writing adventure author who launched a paperback empire. He is best known for his 1976 novel Raise the Titanic! He was born in Aurora, Illinois. He died at age 88 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
1930 ~ Jacques Derrida (né Jackie Élie Derrida; d. Oct. 9, 2004), Algerian-born French philosopher. He died at age 74 in Paris, France.
1930 ~ Stephen Smale, American mathematician. He is best known for his work in topology and mathematical economics. He was born in Flint, Michigan.
1926 ~ Leopoldo Galtieri (d. Jan. 12, 2003), 44th President of Argentina. He was president from December 1981 until June 1982, during the last military dictatorship. He was removed following the British invasion of the Falkland Islands. He died at age 76 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1925 ~ Creed Black (né Creed Carter Black, d. Aug. 16, 2011), American newsman who made a mantra of fearless reporting. He was born in Harlan, Kentucky. He died of complications from a stroke a month after his 86th birthday in Miami, Florida.
1925 ~ D.A. Pennebaker (né Donn Alan Pennebaker; d. Aug. 1, 2019), American documentarian who showed life up close. He was born in Evanston, Illinois. He died 17 days after his 94th birthday in Sag Harbor, New York.
1924 ~ Brian Sutton-Smith (d. Mar. 7, 2015), New Zealander scholar who made a life’s work of play. He is best known for his work, The Ambiguity of Play. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand. He died at age 90 in White River Junction, Vermont.
1924 ~ Jeremiah Denton, Jr. (né Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr., d. Mar. 28, 2014), the American Admiral POW who defied his captors. He later became a United States Senator from Alabama from 1981 to 1987. He was born in Mobile, Alabama. He died at age 89 in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
1922 ~ Leon Lederman (né Leon Max Lederman; d. Oct. 3, 2018), American physicist and mathematician. He was the recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is known for his 1993 book The God Particle, which established the importance of the Higgs boson. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 96 in Rexburg, Idaho.
1921 ~ Robert Bruce Merrifield (d. May 14, 2006), American chemist and recipient of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He died at age 84 in Cresskill, New Jersey.
1919 ~ Dame Iris Murdoch (née Jean Iris Murdoch, d. Feb. 8, 1999), Irish writer. She was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died at age 79 in Oxford, England.
1919 ~ Vernon Mountcastle (né Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle; d. Jan. 11, 2015), American scientist who revealed the brain’s secrets. He discovered and characterized the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex. He was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky. He died of complications of the flu in Baltimore, Maryland at age 96.
1918 ~ Bertram Brockhouse (né Bertram Neville Brockhouse, d. Oct. 13, 2003), Canadian physicist and recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. He died at age 85 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
1917 ~ Robert Conquest (né George Robert Acworth Conquest; d. Aug. 3, 2015), British-American historian who documented Stalin’s Crimes. He is most well-known for his influential works on Soviet history, including The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purges of the 1930s. He was born in England. He died 19 days after his 98th birthday in Stanford, California.
1915 ~ Arthur Rothstein (d. Nov. 11, 1985), American photojournalist. He died at age 70. He was born in New York, New York. He died in New Rochelle, New York.
1902 ~ Eric Hoffer (d. May 21, 1983), American social and moral philosopher. Shortly before his death, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 89 in San Francisco, California.
1892 ~ Walter Benjamin (né Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin; d. Sept. 26, 1940), German-Jewish philosopher. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He left Germany in 1932 to escape from Nazi Germany. He died by suicide at age 48 in Portbou, Spain.
1865 ~ Wilhelm Wirtinger (d. Jan. 15, 1945), Austrian mathematician. He died at age 79.
1858 ~ Emmeline Pankhurst (née Emmeline Goulden, d. June 14, 1928), English suffragist and activist. She was born in Manchester, England. She died a month before her 70th birthday in London, England.
1796 ~ Thomas Bulfinch (d. May 27, 1867), American banker and writer. He is best known for the book Bulfinch’s Mythology. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He died at age 70 in Boston, Massachusetts.
1779 ~ Clement Clarke Moore (d. July 10, 1863), American author and educator. He is best known for his book that became known as The Night Before Christmas. He was born in New York, New York. He died 5 days before his 84thbirthday in Newport, Rhode Island.
1638 ~ Giovanni Viviani (né Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, d. 1693), Italian composer and violinist. The exact date of his death is not known.
1606 ~ Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (d. Oct. 4, 1669), Dutch painter. He is generally known simply by his first name, Rembrandt. He died at age 63 in Amsterdam, Dutch Republis.
1573 ~ Inigo Jones (d. June 21, 1652), English architect. He was born and died in London, England. He died 24 days before his 79th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ Catastrophic flooding in Germany caused hundreds of deaths by drowning.
2020 ~ United States Federal taxes were due. The due date for filing 2019 taxes was delayed from April 15 to July 15 due the chaos the Covid-19 pandemic caused.
2016 ~ Factions of the Turkish Armed Forces attempted a coup against the government of President Recep Erdoğan. It failed.
2006 ~ Twitter, a social media platform, was launched.
1964 ~ Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater (1909 ~ 1998) was nominated by the Republican Party to run for President.
1941 ~ Nazi Germany began to deport over 100,000 Jews from occupied Netherlands to extermination camps.
1916 ~ William Boeing (1881 ~ 1956) and George Conrad Westervelt (1879 ~ 1956) incorporated Pacifico Aero Products. The company was later renamed as the Boeing Company.
1910 ~ In his book, Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin (1856 ~ 1926) gave the name to a condition we call Alzheimer’s Disease, which he named in honor of his colleague, Alois Alzheimer (1864 ~ 1915).
1903 ~ The Ford Motor Company took its first order. Ernest Pfenning, a dentist from Chicago, ordered a Model A at a cost of $850. The new car was delivered to him about a week later.
1888 ~ The volcanic Mount Bandai in Japan erupted killing over 500 people.
1870 ~ Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted into the Union during the Post-Civil War Reconstruction period.
1838 ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 ~ 1882) delivered the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, in which he discussed the Biblical miracles and declared Jesus to be a great man, but not G~d. His audience was not amused.
1834 ~ The Spanish Inquisition was officially abolished by María Cristina de Borbón (1806 ~ 1878), Queen Regent of Spain. It had remained in existence for over 350 years. Practicing Judaism in Spain, however, was still officially forbidden until 1967.
1823 ~ A fire destroyed the ancient Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
1815 ~ Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 ~ 1821) surrendered aboard the HMS Bellerophon during the Napoleonic Wars.
1806 ~ Lieutenant Zebulon Pike (1779 ~ 1813) began an expedition from Missouri to explore the American West. Pike’s Peak in Colorado is named after him.
1799 ~ The Rosetta Stone was found by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard (1772 ~ 1832) in the Egyptian village of Rosetta during Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign.
1207 ~ John, King of England (1166 ~ 1216) expelled the Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton (1150 ~ 1228).
1149 ~ The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was consecrated.
1099 ~ During the First Crusade, Christian soldiers took control of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
70 ~ The traditional date ascribed to Titus (39 ~ 81) leading his army to breach the walls of Jerusalem. This date was the 17th day of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Peter R. de Vries (né Peter Rudolf de Vries; b. Nov. 14, 1956), Dutch investigative journalist and crime reporter. He reported in high-visibility crimes, such as the disappearance of Natalee Holloway. He was born in Aalsmeer, Netherlands. He was assassinated at age 64 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
2019 ~ Mortimer Caplin (né Mortimer Maxwell Caplin; b. July 11, 1916), American tax attorney and Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from February 1961 until July 1964. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Chevy Chase, Maryland 4 days after his 103rd birthday.
2017 ~ Martin Landau (né Martin James Landau; b. June 20, 1928), American versatile actor who fought against typecasting. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of an abdominal hemorrhage 25 days after his 89th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
2012 ~ Celeste Holm (b. Apr. 29, 1917), American actress who was a city girl who first starred as a rube. She was born and died in Manhattan, New York. She died at age 95.
1997 ~ Gianni Versace (né Giovanni Maria Versace, b. Dec. 2, 1946), Italian fashion designer who founded the House of Versace. He was murdered outside his home in Miami, Florida by Andrew Cunanan. He was 50 years old.
1991 ~ Bert Convy (né Bernard Whalen Convy; b. July 23, 1933), American game show host. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died of a brain tumor 8 days before his 58th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1979 ~ Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (b. Mar. 12, 1911), President of Mexico. He served as President from December 1964 through November 1970. He died of cancer at age 68.
1976 ~ Paul Gallico (né Paul William Gallico, b. July 26, 1897), American author. He wrote The Silent Miaow. He was born in New York, New York. He died 11 days before his 79th birthday in Antibes, France.
1961 ~ Nina Bari (née Nina Karlova Bari; b. Nov. 19, 1901), Russian mathematician. She was born and died in Moscow, Russia.She was killed at age 59 when she fell in front of a metro train.
1948 ~ John J. Pershing (né John Joseph Pershing; b. Sept. 13, 1860), American army general. He was known as Black Jack. He is best known for being the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front during World War I. He was born in Laclede, Missouri. He died of congestive heart failure at age 87 in Washington, D.C.
1940 ~ Robert Wadlow (né Robert Pershing Wadlow; b. Feb. 22, 1918), the world’s tallest-ever recorded human. He was 8 ft., 11 in. tall. He was born in Alton, Illinois. He died at age 22 in Manistee, Michigan.
1931 ~ Ladislaus Bortkeiwiez (b. Aug. 7, 1868), Russian mathematician. He was born in St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia. He died 23 days before his 63rd birthday in Berlin, Germany.
1919~ Emil Fischer (né Hermann Emil Louis Fischer; d. Oct. 9, 1852), German chemist and recipient of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 66 in Berlin, Germany.
1916 ~ Élie Metchnikoff (also known as Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov; b. May 15, 1845), Russian microbiologist and recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in immunology. He is also credited with discovering macrophages. He died at age 71 in Paris, France.
1904 ~ Anton Chekhov (né Anton Paviovich Chekhov, b. Jan. 29, 1860), Russian playwright. He died at age 44 of tuberculosis.
1883 ~ General Tom Thumb (né Charles Sherwood Stratton, b. Jan. 4, 1838), American circus performer. He was a dwarf who achieved fame as a performer in the P.T. Barnum circus. He was born and died in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He died at age 45.
1542 ~ Lisa del Giocondo (née Lisa Gherardini; b. June 15, 1479), Italian woman believed to be the subject of diVinci’s Mona Lisa. She died a month after her 63rd birthday.
1521 ~ Juan Ponce de León (b. 1474), Spanish explorer. This is the date generally ascribed to his death. He is believed to have been about 47 years old at the time of his death. He died in what is now Havana, Cuba.
1445 ~ Joan Beaufort (b. 1404), Queen consort of Scotland. Her first husband was James I, King of Scotland. After his assassination, she married James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorne. She was of the House of Beaufort. She was the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 40 or 41 at the time of her death.
1406 ~ William, Duke of Austria (b. 1370). He ruled from 1386 until his death in 1406. He was married to Princess Joanna of Naples. She became known as Joanna II, Queen of Naples after William’s death. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Leopold III, Duke of Austria and Viridis Visconti. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 36 at the time of his death.
1299 ~ Eric II Magnusson, King of Norway (b. 1268). He ruled from May 1280 until his death 19 years later. He was married twice. His first wife was Princess Margaret of Scotland. After her death in childbirth, he married Isabel Bruce. He was of the House of Sverre. He was the son of Magnus VI, King of Norway and Ingeborg of Denmark. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 30 or 31.
1291 ~ Rudolph I, King of Germany (b. May 1, 1218). He ruled from September 1273 until his death in July 1291. He was married twice. His first wife was Gertrude of Hohenberg. His second wife was Isabella of Burgundy. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg. He died at age 73.
998 ~ Abū al-Wafā Būzjānī (b. June 10, 940), Persian mathematician and astronomer. The exact dates of his birth and death are unknown. He is believed to have been about 58 at the time of his death.
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