Birthdays:
1968 ~ Thom Yorke (né Thomas Edward Yorke), English musician and frontman for the band Radiohead.
1955 ~ Yo-Yo Ma, American cellist. He was born in Paris, France.
1952 ~ Vladimir Putin, 4th President of the Russian Federation. He assumed the Office of President in 2012. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia.
1946 ~ Anita Shreve (née Anita Hale Shreve; d. Mar. 29, 2018), American novelist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died of cancer in Newfields, New Hampshire at age 71.
1943 ~ Oliver North (né Oliver Laurence North), American former military officer and central figure in the Iran-Contra affair. He was convicted in the Iran-Contra affair, but his convictions were overturned and all charges against him were dismissed in 1991. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.
1942 ~ Joy Behar (née Josephine Victoria Occhiuto), American comedian and talk show host. She was born in New York, New York.
1939 ~ Sir Harry Kroto (né Harold Walter Krotoschiner; d. Apr. 30, 2016), British chemist and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 76.
1939 ~ Clive James (né Vivian Leopold James; d. Nov. 24, 2019), Australian author, literary critic, broadcaster and memoirist. He is best known for his autobiographical series, Unreliable Memoirs. He was born in Kogarah, Australia. He died in Cambridge, England at age 80.
1935 ~ Thomas Keneally (né Thomas Michael Keneally), Australian novelist. He is best known for his book, Schindler’s Ark, which was made in the movie, Schindler’s List. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
1934 ~ Amiri Baraka (né Everett LeRoi Jones; d. Jan. 9, 2014), African-American poet who preached revolution. He was born and died in Newark, New Jersey. He died at age 79.
1931 ~ Desmond Tutu (né Desmond Mpilo Tutu), South African archbishop and recipient of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in Klerksdorp, South Africa.
1927 ~ Al Martino (né Alfred Cini; d. Oct. 13, 2009), American chart-topping crooner who sang in The Godfather. He was born in Philadelphia. He died 6 days after his 82nd birthday in Springfield, Pennsylvania.
1919 ~ Henriette Avram (née Henriette Regina Davidson; d. Apr. 22, 2006), American computer scientist. She is best known for developing the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging). She was born in New York, New York. She died at age 86 in Miami, Florida.
1917 ~ June Allyson (née Eleanor Geisman; d. July 8, 2006), American actress, best known for her role as Timmy’s mother in Lassie. She was born in The Bronx, New York. She died of respiratory failure at age 88 in Ojai, California.
1916 ~ Walt Rostow (né Walt Whitman Rostow; d. Feb. 13, 2003), 7th United States National Security Advisor. He served under President Lyndon B. Johnson from April 1966 until January 1969. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 86 in Austin, Texas.
1912 ~ Fernando Belaúnde Terry (d. June 4, 2002), President of Peru. He served two non-consecutive terms, first from July 1963 until October 1968, and second from July 1980 until July 1985. He was born and died in Lima, Peru. He died at age 89.
1907 ~ Helen MacInnes (née Helen Clark MacInnes; d. Sept. 20, 1985), Scottish-American librarian and author of espionage novels. She died about 3 weeks before her 78th birthday. She was born in Glasgow, Scotland. She died in New York, New York.
1900 ~ Heinrich Himmler (né Heinrich Luitpold Himmler; d. May 23, 1945), German Nazi commander and head of the SS. He committed suicide while in Allied custody. He was 44 years old.
1897 ~ Elijah Muhammad (né Elijah Robert Poole; d. Feb. 25, 1975), American religious leader of the Nation of Islam. He died at age 77.
1888 ~ Henry A. Wallace (né Henry Agard Wallace; d. Nov. 18, 1965), 33rd Vice President of the United States. He served as President Franklin D. Roosevelt second Vice President from January 20, 1941 until January 20, 1945. He had previously served as the 11th United States Secretary of Agriculture from March 4, 1933 until September 4, 1940 during the Roosevelt administration. After serving as Vice President, he became the 10th United States Secretary of Commerce, under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. He died at age 77.
1885 ~ Niels Bohr (né Niels Henrik David Bohr; d. Nov. 18, 1962), Danish physicist and recipient of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics. In the 1930s, he aided refugees from Nazism. He died at age 77.
1879 ~ Joe Hill (né Joel Emmanuel Hägglund, d. Nov. 19, 1915), Swedish-born American labor activist. He was executed by firing squad on murder charges at age 36.
1769 ~ Solomon Sibley (d. Apr. 4, 1846), 1st Mayor of Detroit, Michigan. He served as Mayor in 1806. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts. He died at age 76.
1748 ~ King Charles XIII of Sweden (d. Feb. 5, 1818). He died at age 69.
1417 ~ Frederick I of Denmark (d. Apr. 10, 1533). He was King from 1523 until his death 10 years later. He died at age 61.
Events that Changed the World:
2016 ~ Hurricane Matthew struck in Florida. The storm killed over 800 people. The storm formed on September 28 and dissipated on October 9, 2016.
2003 ~ Arnold Schwarzenegger (b. 1947) was elected Governor of California. He took office in November 2003 and served until January 2011.
2001 ~ The United States began its invasion of Afghanistan with an air assault.
1998 ~ Matthew Shepard (1976 ~ 1998), a gay student at the University of Wyoming, was found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten. He would die 5 days later from his injuries.
1996 ~ The Fox News Channel began broadcasting.
1993 ~ The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993 ended 103 days after it began, when the Mississippi River began to fall below the flood level.
1985 ~ The cruise ship, MS Achille Lauro, was hijacked by the Palestine Liberation Organization in the Mediterranean Sea. The hijackers killed Leon Klinghoffer (1916 ~ 1985), an American Jew; then threw his body overboard. Composer John Adams (b. 1947) later made this event into an opera entitled The Death of Klinghoffer. It premiered in Brussels in 1991. The opera has antisemitic overtones.
1960 ~ Presidential candidates, John Kennedy (1917 ~ 1963) and Richard Nixon (1913 ~ 1994), debated their Cold War foreign policies.
1958 ~ The United States manned space-flight project became known as Project Mercury.
1950 ~ Mother Teresa (1910 ~ 1997) build an order called the Missionary of Charity.
1949 ~ The communist German Democratic Republic, also known as East Germany, was formed.
1944 ~ During an uprising at the Birkenau concentration camp, Jewish prisoners burned down a crematorium.
1933 ~ Air France was created through the merger of five French airlines.
1919 ~ KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, was founded. It remains the oldest airline still in operation under its original name.
1913 ~ The assembly line at the Ford automobile factory began.
1868 ~ Although founded on April 27, 1865, Cornell University was inaugurated on this date with the initial student enrollment at 412. All the students in the class were male.
1840 ~ Willem II (1792 ~ 1849) became King of the Netherlands.
1691 ~ The Province of Massachusetts Bay was issued a charter.
1582 ~ Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day was skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Mario J. Molina (né Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez; b. Mar. 19, 1943), Mexican chemist and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in elucidating the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer. He was born and died in Mexico City, Mexico. He died at age 77.
2020 ~ Tom Kennedy (né James Edward Narz; b. Feb. 26, 1927), American game show host. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He died at age 93 in Oxnard, California.
2009 ~ Irving Penn (b. June 16, 1917), American fashion photographer who created art. He died at age 92.
2008 ~ George Palade (né George Emil Palade; b. Nov. 19, 1912), Romanian cell biologist and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 95.
2005 ~ Charles Rocket (né Charles Adams Claverie; b. Aug. 24, 1949), American actor. He was born in Bangor, Maine. His death at age 56 was ruled a suicide.
1995 ~ Olga Taussky-Todd (b. Aug. 30, 1906), Austrian-born mathematician. She died at age 89.
1994 ~ Niels Kaj Jerne (b. Dec. 23, 1911), English-born Dutch immunologist and recipient of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 82.
1993 ~ Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (b. Oct. 17, 1906), Russian mathematician. He died 10 days before his 87thbirthday.
1993 ~ Agnes de Mille (née Agnes George de Mille; b. Sept. 18, 1905), American choreographer. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died 19 days after her 88th birthday.
1991 ~ Leo Durocher (né Leo Ernest Durocher; b. July 27, 1905), American baseball player and manager. He died at age 86.
1967 ~ Sir Ralph Norman Angell (b. Dec. 26, 1872), British politician and recipient of the 1933 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 94.
1956 ~ Clarence Birdseye (né Clarence Frank Birdseye, II; b. Dec. 9, 1886), American businessman who perfected the modern technique of freezing foods. He later founded the Birds Eye Company. He died of a heart attack at age 69.
1950 ~ Willis Carrier (né Willis Haviland Carrier; d. Nov. 26, 1876), American engineer and inventor of air conditioning. He died at age 73.
1931 ~ Daniel French (né Daniel Chester French; b. Apr. 20, 1850), American sculptor and designer of the Lincoln statue in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. He was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. He died in Stockbridge, Massachusetts at age 81.
1925 ~ Christy Mathewson (né Christopher Mathewson; b. Aug. 12, 1880), American baseball player. In 1936, he was elected as one of the first members into the Baseball Hall of Fame. He died of tuberculosis at age 45.
1904 ~ Isabella Lucy Bird (b. Oct. 15, 1831), English explorer, writer and natural historian. She died a week before her 73rd birthday.
1903 ~ Rudolf Lipschitz (b. May 14, 1832), German mathematician. He died at age 71.
1894 ~ Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (b. Aug. 29, 1809), American physician and author. He was the father of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and died in Boston. He died at age 85.
1857 ~ Louis McLane (b. May 28, 1786), 12th United States Secretary of State. He served in this position during the Andrew Jackson administration from May 1833 until June 1834. He previously served as the 10th United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Andrew Jackson administration. He was born in Smyrna, Delaware. He died at age 71 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1849 ~ Edgar Allan Poe (b. Jan. 19, 1809), American writer and poet. His short story, The Murder in the Rue Morgue, is considered the first modern detective story. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 40.
1796 ~ Thomas Reid (b. May 7, 1710), Scottish mathematician and philosopher. He died at age 86.
1792 ~ George Mason (b. Dec. 11, 1725), American statesman. He was a delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 and is known as being one of 3 men who refused to sign the Constitution. He died at age 66.
1571 ~ Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. July 9, 1511), Queen consort of Denmark and Norway from 1534 until the death of her husband, Christian III in 1559. She died 12 years later at age 60.
988 ~ Qian Chu (b. Sept. 29, 926), last Chinese king of the Wuyue. He surrendered his kingdom to the Song Dynasty. He died 8 days after his 59th birthday.
951 ~ Shi Zong (b. Jan. 29, 919), Chinese Emperor of the Liao dynasty. He ruled from May 947 until his death in October 951. He died at age 32.
929 ~ King Charles III (b. Sept. 17, 879), known as Charles the Simple of France. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. He died 20 days weeks after his 50th birthday.
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