Birthdays:
1969 ~ Zach Galifianakis (né Zachary Knight Galifianakis), American actor. He was born in Wilkesboro, North Carolina.
1956 ~ Theresa May (née Theresa Mary Brasier), Prime Minster of the United Kingdom. She assumed office in July 2016, following the Brexit referendum. She resigned in July 2019 after attempts at Brexit failed.
1950 ~ Randy Quaid (né Randy Randall Rudy Quaid), American actor. He was born in Houston, Texas.
1947 ~ Dave Arneson (né David Lance Arneson; d. Apr. 7, 2009), American gamester who co-invented Dungeons and Dragons. He died of cancer at age 61 in St. Paul, Minnesota..
1947 ~ Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist and recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Haifa, Israel.
1945 ~ Rod Carew (né Rodney Cline Carew), American baseball player. He was born in Gatún, Panama.
1935 ~ Dame Julie Andrews (née Julia Elizabeth Wells), English actress and singer, best known for her role as Mary Poppins in the movie of the same name.
1930 ~ Richard Harris (né Richard St. John Harris; d. Oct. 25, 2002), Irish actor. He died of Hodgkin’s lymphoma 24 days after his 72nd birthday.
1927 ~ Tom Bosley (né Thomas Edward Bosley; d. Oct 19, 2010), American actor. He is best known for portraying Howard Cunningham on Happy Days. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died 18 days after his 83rd birthday in Rancho Mirage, California.
1924 ~ William Rehnquist (né William Hubbs Rehnquist; d. Sept. 3, 2005), 16th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Richard Nixon, where he served as an Associate Justice from January 1972 until September 1986. He was elevated to Chief Justice by Ronald Reagan, and continued on the Court in that position from September 1986 until his death 19 years later. He had a summer home in northern Vermont and was even listed in the local phone book. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died about a month before his 81st birthday in Arlington, Virginia.
1924 ~ Jimmy Carter (né James Earl Carter, Jr.), 39th President of the United States and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. He served as President from January 1977 until January 1981. He had previously served as the 76thGovernor of Georgia from January 1971 until January 1975. He was born in Plains, Georgia.
1922 ~ Chen Ning Yang, Chinese-American physicist and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Heife, Republic of China.
1921 ~ James Whitmore (né James Allen Whitmore, Jr.; d. Feb. 6, 2009), American gruff character actor who specialized in ordinary guys. He was born in White Plains, New York. He died at age 87 in Malibu, California.
1920 ~ Walter Matthau (né Walter John Matthow; d. July 1, 2000), American actor who was the original sloppy Oscar Madison in the movie The Odd Couple. He was born in New York, New York. He died of heart disease at age 79 in Santa Monica, California.
1914 ~ Daniel J. Boorstin (né Daniel Joseph Boorstin; d. Feb. 28, 2004), American historian and writer. He was the 12th Librarian of Congress, where he served from November 1975 until September 1987, during the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He died at age 89 in Washington, D.C.
1912 ~ Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw (née Kathleen Mary Timpson; d. Aug. 10, 2014), British mathematician, astronomer and Lord Mayor of Manchester, England. She died at age 101.
1911 ~ Fletcher Knebel (d. Feb. 26, 1993), American author best known for his political fiction. He is best known for his novel Seven Days in May. He was born in Dayton, Ohio. He died by suicide following a long bout with cancer in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was 81 years old.
1910 ~ Bonnie Parker (née Bonnie Elizabeth Parker; d. May 23, 1934), American outlaw who, along with her partner, Clyde Barrow (1909 ~ 1934), robbed banks throughout the South and Midwest. She was born in Rowena, Texas. She and Clyde were killed in a police ambush in Gibsland, Bienville Parish, Louisiana. She was 23 years old.
1910 ~ José Enrique Moyal (d. May 22, 1998), Israeli-Australian mathematical physicist and engineer. He was born in Jerusalem. He died at age 87 in Canberra, Australia.
1910 ~ Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg (d. Mar. 20, 2012), Polish-born Israeli rabbi and scholar. He was born in Ostrov, Poland. He died at age 101 in Jerusalem, Israel.
1909 ~ Sam Yorty (né Samuel William Yorty; d. June 5, 1998), American politician and 37th Mayor of Los Angeles. He served as Mayor from July 1961 until July 1973. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He died at age 88 in Los Angeles, California.
1903 ~ Vladimir Horowitz (né Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz; d. Nov. 5, 1989), Ukrainian-born pianist. He was born in Kyvy. He died at age 86 of a heart attack in New York, New York.
1894 ~ Edgar Krahn (d. Mar. 6, 1961), Estonian mathematician. He was born before Estonia converted to the Gregorian calendar, so his birthday is sometimes listed as having occurred on September 19. He was born in Laiuse, Estonia. He died at age 66 in Rockville, Maryland.
1889 ~ Ralph W. Sockman (né Ralph Washington Sockman; d. Aug. 29, 1970), American minister and radio host. He was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio. He died at age 80 in New York, New York.
1881 ~ William E. Boeing (né Wilhelm Böing, d. Sept. 28, 1956), American aviation pioneer and founder of the Boeing Company. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died just 3 days before 75th birthday in Puget Sound, Washington.
1850 ~ David R. Francis (né David Rowland Francis; d. Jan. 15, 1927), 20th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under Presidents Grover Cleveland and William McKinley from September 1896 until March 1897. He had been the United States Ambassador to Russia during the Russian Revolution. He had previously served as the 27th Governor of Missouri, from January 1889 until January 1893. He was born in Richmond, Kentucky. He died at age 76 in St. Louis, Missouri.
1832 ~ Caroline Harrison (née Caroline Lavinia Scott; d. Oct. 25, 1892), American educator and First Lady of the United States. She was the wife of President Benjamin Harrison. They had married in October 1853. She was 56 years old when she assumed the role of First Lady. She was born in Oxford, Ohio. She died while still in the White House of tuberculosis just 24 days after her 60th birthday.
1808 ~ Mary Anna Custis Lee (née Mary Anna Randolph Custis; d. Nov. 5, 1873), American wife of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. She was also the great-granddaughter of Martha Custis Washington. She died at age 66 in Lexington, Virginia.
1754 ~ Paul I, Tsar of Russia (d. Mar. 23, 1801). His mother was Catherine the Great. He was murdered in his bedroom at St. Michael’s Castle. He was first hit with a sword, then strangled and finally trampled to death. He was 46 years old. [Note: under the Julian calendar, his death is recorded as March 11, 1801.].
1685 ~ Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Oct. 20, 1740). He reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor from October 1711 until his death in October 1740. He was of the House of Habsburg. He died three weeks after his 55thbirthday.
1671 ~ Luigi Guido Grandi (d. July 4, 1742), Italian monk and mathematician. He died at age 80.
1207 ~ Henry III, King of England (d. Nov. 16, 1272). He reigned as King of England from October 1216 until his death in November 1272. He died at age 65.
Events that Changed the World:
2017 ~ A mass shooting in Las Vegas killed over 58 people dead and hundreds of others wounded when a lone gunman opened fire on a crowd at an outdoor concert. The gunman then committed suicide.
2013 ~ The United States Government began a shut-down due to Congressional disagreement over the budget and the Affordable Health Care Act. The shut-down continued until October 17, 2013.
2012 ~ A ferry collision off the coast of Hong King killed 38 people and injured over 100 others.
1989 ~ Denmark became the first country to recognize same-sex legal relationships.
1988 ~ Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931) became the 8th and last head of the Soviet Union. He went on to become the President of the Soviet Union until the Office was abolished in December 1991.
1982 ~ EPCOT Center opened at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. EPCOT stands for Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow.
1979 ~ The United States returned sovereignty of the Panama Canal to Panama.
1979 ~ Pope John Paul II (1920 ~ 2005) made his first visit to the United States.
1975 ~ Muhammad Ali (1942 ~ 2016) defeated Joe Frazier (1944 ~ 2011) in a boxing match dubbed The Trilla in Manila, in Manila, Philippines
1971 ~ The first CAT scan was performed to diagnose a patient at the Atkinson Morley Hospital in London, England.
1971 ~ Walt Disney World opened in Orlando, Florida.
1969 ~ The SST Concorde broke the sound barrier for the first time.
1962 ~ The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson began airing. The show ran until May 22, 1992, when Johnny Carson (1925 ~ 2005) retired.
1960 ~ Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
1958 ~ NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, was created to replace NACA, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which was founded in 1915 to undertake, promote and institutionalize aeronautical research.
1957 ~ The words, In God We Trust, was added to all United States paper currency.
1949 ~ Mao Zedong (1893 ~ 1976) established the People’s Republic of China.
1946 ~ Mensa International was founded in the United Kingdom.
1946 ~ The Nuremberg Trials ended with the sentencing of Nazi leaders.
1940 ~ The Pennsylvania Turnpike opened to traffic. It is considered to be the first “superhighway” in the United States.
1936 ~ Francisco Franco (1892 ~ 1975) became head of Spain.
1931 ~ The George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York was completed. It would open to the public about three weeks later.
1920 ~ Sir Percy Cox (1864 ~ 1937) entered Basra to assume his responsibilities as the High Commissioner of Iraq.
1910 ~ A union member of the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers planted a bomb in the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles. Twenty-one people were killed in the explosion.
1908 ~ The Model T Ford first went on sale. The cost of the automobile was $825.
1903 ~ In the first game of the modern World Series, the Boston Americans played against the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Boston team went on to win the series 5-3.
1896 ~ Rural Free Postal Service began in the United States. The first state to use the service was West Virginia.
1891 ~ Stanford University in California was established.
1890 ~ The United States Congress established Yosemite National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
1880 ~ Thomas Edison (Feb. 11, 1847 ~ Oct. 18, 1931) opened the first electric lamp factory.
1880 ~ John Philip Sousa (1854 ~ 1932) became the leader of the United States Marine Band.
1854 ~ The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts, by Aaron Dennison (1812 ~ 1895), moved to Waltham, Massachusetts and became known as the Waltham Watch Company. It was a pioneer in the American system of watch manufacturing.
1843 ~ The News of the World tabloid began its publication in London, England. It remained publishing until 2011 when it finally folded due to a hacking scandal.
1800 ~ Spain ceded Louisiana to France. Three years later the United States would purchase the Louisiana territory.
1553 ~ Mary I (1516 ~ 1558) was crowned Queen of England.
959 ~ Edgar the Peaceable (943 ~ 975) became King of England.
331 B.C.E. ~ Alexander the Great (356 ~ 323 B.C.E.) defeated Darius III (380 ~ 330 B.C.E.) of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
Good-Byes:
2018 ~ Juan Romero (b. 1950), Mexican-American busboy who cradled Robert F Kennedy as he lay dying. He was born in Mazatán, Mexico. He died at age 68 in Modesto, California.
2018 ~ Charles Aznavour (né Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian; b. May 22, 1924), French-Armenian chanson master who crooned to the world. He gave his last concert less than 2 weeks before his death at age 91.
2017 ~ Arthur Janov (b. Aug. 21, 1924), American psychologist who believed in therapeutic screaming. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 93 in Malibu, California.
2013 ~ Tom Clancy (né Thomas Leo Clancy, Jr.; b. Apr. 12, 1947), American author of political thrillers who spoke the military’s language. He died at age 66.
2013 ~ Vladimir Miklyukov (b. Jan. 8, 1944), Russian mathematician. He died at age 69.
2010 ~ Georgi Arbatov (b. May 19, 1923), Soviet-Russian political scientist. He was born in Kherson, Ukraine. He died at age 87 in Moscow, Russia.
2009 ~ David I. Shapiro (né David Israel Shapiro; b. June 17, 1928), American First Amendment attorney who defended free speech. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of cardiac arrest at age 81 in London, England.
2008 ~ Nick Reynolds (né Nicholas Wells Reynolds, b. July 27, 1933), American folk musician and master of harmony who founded the Kingston Trio. He was a bongo player. He was born and died in San Diego, California. He died of acute respiratory disease at age 75.
2008 ~ Boris Yefimov (b. Sept. 28, 1899), Soviet political cartoonist who was a favorite of Joseph Stalin. He was known for his critical political caricatures of Adolf Hitler and other Nazis. He was born in Kyiv, Ukraine. He died 3 days after his 109th birthday in Moscow, Russia.
2007 ~ Harry Lee (b. Aug. 27, 1932), American sheriff from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. He was born and died in New Orleans. He died of leukemia at age 75.
2004 ~ Richard Avedon (b. May 15, 1923), American fashion photographer. He died at age 81.
1994 ~ Paul Lorenzen (b. Mar. 24, 1915), German mathematician. He died at age 79.
1992 ~ Petra Kelly (née Petra Karin Lehmann; b. Nov. 29, 1947), German political activist and ecofeminist. She was killed in a murder-suicide by her partner. She was 44 years old.
1990 ~ Curtis E. LeMay (né Curtis Emerson LeMay; b. Nov. 15, 1906), General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II. He served as the 5th United States Air Force Chief of Staff under the Presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from June 1961 until January 1965. He died at age 83.
1985 ~ E.B. White (né Elwyn Brooks White; b. July 11, 1899), American author, best known for his children’s novels, Charlotte’s Web and Stuart Little. He died in North Brooklin, Maine at age 86.
1972 ~ Louis B. Leaky (né Louis Seymour Bazett Leaky; b. Aug. 7, 1903), Kenyan-born British anthropologist and archaeologist. He died at age 69.
1966 ~ Mary Reddick (née Mary Logan; b. Dec. 31, 1914), African-American neuroembryologist. She died at age 51.
1942 ~ Ants Piip (b. Feb. 28, 1884), Prime Minister of Estonia. He served as Prime Minister from October 1920 until December 1920, at which time he became the 1st State Elder of Estonia. He served in that position for only a month until January 1921. He died in a Soviet prison camp at age 58.
1940 ~ Chiungtze C. Tsen (b. Apr. 2, 1898), Chinese mathematician. He died of a stomach ulcer at age 42.
1868 ~ Mongut (b. Oct. 18, 1804), Thia king. He is best known for being the king of Siam from the musical The King and I. He died 17 days before his 64th birthday.
1864 ~ Rose O’Neal Greenhow (b. 1817), Confederate spy during the American Civil War. She drowned at age 51 while trying to escape a Union gunboat. The exact date of her birth is not known.
1768 ~ Robert Simson (b. Oct. 14, 1687), Scottish mathematician. He died 2 weeks before his 81st birthday.
1578 ~ John of Austria (b. Feb. 24, 1545), illegitimate son of Charles V and his mistress Barbara Blomberg. He was born on his father’s 45 birthday. Soon after his birth, he was taken from his mother and raised in the family of Charles V. He died of fever at age 31.
1404 ~ Pope Boniface IX (né Piero Cybo Tomacelli; b. 1356). He was Pope from November 1389 until his death 4 year later. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
959 ~ Eadwig (b. 941), English king. He was King from 955 until his death 4 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 18 years old at the time of his death.
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