Birthdays:
1988 ~ Ocean Voung, Vietnamese-American poet. He was born in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
1965 ~ Steve Coogan (né Stephen John Coogan), British actor.
1961 ~ Isaac Mizrahi, American fashion designer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1952 ~ Harry Anderson (né Harry Laverne Anderson, d. Apr. 16, 2018), American actor, comedian and magician. He is best known for his role as Judge Harry Stone on the television sit-com, Night Court. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island. He died of a stroke complicated by influenza at age 65 in Asheville, North Carolina.
1947 ~ Nikolai Volkoff (né Josip Hrvoje Peruzoviċ; d. July 29, 2018), Yugoslav-born wrestler who played a Soviet villain in the ring. He was born in Yugoslavia. He died at age 70 in Glen Arm, Maryland.
1939 ~ Ralph Lauren (né Ralph Lifshitz), American fashion designer. He was born in the Bronx, New York.
1938 ~ John Dean (né John Wesley Dean, III), American attorney and 13th White House Counsel. He served under President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. He was born in Akron, Ohio.
1938 ~ Farah Pahlavi (née Farah Diba), Empress consort of Iran and Iranian wife of the deposed Mohammad Reza Pavhlai, the former Shah of Iran. She was born in Tehran, Iran.
1928 ~ John Parker (né John Victor Parker, d. July 14, 2014), United States District Judge for the Middle District of Louisiana. He was born and died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He served as Judge from October 1998 until his death at age 85.
1927 ~ Sir Roger Moore (né Roger George Moore; d. May 23, 2017), British actor best known for his portrayal of James Bond. He died of cancer at age 89.
1925 ~ Phillip Tobias (né Phillip Valentine Tobias; d. June 7, 2012), South African paleoanthropologist, best known for his work at South Africa’s hominid fossil sites. He was born in Durban, South Africa. He died at age 86 in Johannesburg, South Africa.
1925 ~ Lawrence Herkimer (né Lawrence Russell Herkimer; d. July 1, 2015), American cheerleading pioneer who invented the pom-pom. He was born in Muskegon, Michigan. He died in Dallas, Texas at age 89.
1916 ~ C. Everett Koop (né Charles Everett Koop; d. Feb. 25, 2013), American surgeon who became “America’s Doctor.” He was the 13th Surgeon General of the United States. He served from January 1982 until October 1989, during the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He is best known for his work on tobacco use, AIDS, and his support for the rights of children with disabilities. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 96 in Hanover, New Hampshire.
1914 ~ Raymond Davis, Jr. (d. May 31, 2006), American physicist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died at age 91 in Blue Point, New York.
1911 ~ Lê Ðúc Thǫ (d. Oct. 13, 1990), Vietnamese general and politician and recipient of the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize along with Henry Kissinger. He was the first Asian to be awarded the Peace Prize. Thǫ declined the Prize, however, because they were unable to agree to a peace treaty. Thǫ died one day before his 79th birthday.
1910 ~ John Wooden (né John Robert Wooden; d. June 4, 2010), American basketball player and head coach at the University of California, Los Angeles. He won 10 NCAA championships during his 12-year tenure at UCLA. He was born in Hall, Indiana. He died at age 99 in Los Angeles.
1906 ~ Hannah Arendt (née Johanna Cohn Arendt; d. Dec. 4, 1975), German political theorist and writer. She died of a heart attack at age 69 in New York, New York.
1894 ~ e.e. cummings (né Edward Estlin Cummings; d. Sept. 3, 1962), American poet. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and he died in Madison, New Hampshire. He died of a stroke at age 67.
1893 ~ Lillian Gish (née Lillian Diana Gish; d. Feb. 27, 1993), American silent film actress. She is sometimes referred to as the First Lady of American Cinema. She was born in Springfield, Ohio. She died at age 99 in New York, New York.
1890 ~ Dwight David Eisenhower (d. Mar. 28, 1969), American General and 34th President of the United States. He served as President from January 1953 until January 1961. He had previously served as the 1st Supreme Allied Commander of Europe from April 1951 until May 1952. He was also the 16th Chief of Staff of the Army under President Harry S Truman, from November 1945 until February 1948. He was born in Denison, Texas. He died of heart failure at age 78 in Washington, D.C.
1888 ~ Katherine Mansfield (née Katherine Mansfield Beauchamp; d. Jan. 9, 1923), New Zealand author. She died of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at age 34.
1882 ~ Éamon de Valera (né Geroge de Valera; d. Aug. 29, 1975), American-born President of the Irish Republic. He served as President from August 1921 until January 1922. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 92 in Dublin, Ireland.
1801 ~ Joseph Plateau (né Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau; d. Sept. 15, 1883), Belgian physicist and mathematician. He is best known for demonstrating the illusion of a moving image. He is also known for the physics of soap bubbles, known as Plateau’s laws. He died a month before his 82nd birthday.
1784 ~ Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (d. Sept. 29, 1833). He reigned in Spain from March 1808 until May 1808 and again from December 1813 until his death in September 1833. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Charles IV, King of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. He died 15 days before his 49th birthday.
1712 ~ George Grenville (d. Nov. 13, 1770), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was Prime Minister from August 1763 through July 1765, during the reign of King George III. He died a month after his 58th birthday.
1687 ~ Robert Simson (b. Oct. 1, 1768), Scottish mathematician. He died 2 weeks before his 81st birthday.
1644 ~ William Penn (d. July 30, 1718), English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania. He died at age 73.
1404 ~ Marie of Anjou (d. Nov. 29, 1463), Queen consort of France. She was the wife of Charles VII, King of France. She was of the House of Valois-Anjou. She was the daughter of Louis II, Duke of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon. She died at age 59.
Events that Changed the World:
1994 ~ The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (1922 ~ 1995), Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres (1923 ~ 2016), and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat (1929 ~ 2004) for their role in the establishment of the Oslo Accords.
1991 ~ Aung San Suu Kyi (b. 1945), was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1984 ~ Stephanie Fae Beauclair, known as “Baby Fae”, received a non-human heart transplant. She was born on this day but had a defective heart. She received the heart of a baboon. Although she died a month a day later, on November 15, 1984, the transplant was considered a success.
1981 ~ Hosni Mubarak (1928 ~ 2020), former Vice President of Egypt, was elected President of Egypt one week after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat (1918 ~ 1981). He would remain in power until he was ousted in February 2011.
1979 ~ The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C., was held. Over 100,000 people attended the march.
1968 ~ A 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck Western Australia, destroying the town of Meckering.
1962 ~ The Cuban Missile Crisis began when a United States Air Force U-2 reconnaissance plane flew over Cuba and took photographs of Soviet missiles.
1958 ~ The District of Columbia’s Bar Association voted to accept African-Americans as member attorneys.
1947 ~ Chuck Yeager (1923 ~ 2020) became the first person to break the sound barrier.
1943 ~ Prisoners at the Nazi Sobibor extermination camp in Poland revolted against their German guards. Eleven SS guards were killed. About half of the Camp’s 600 prisoners escaped; about 50 survived at the end of the war.
1926 ~ Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne (1882 ~ 1956), was first published.
1912 ~ An assassination attempt was made on former President Theodore Roosevelt (1858 ~ 1919) as he was giving a speech in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Roosevelt was wounded but did not seek medical attention until after he finished his speech.
1908 ~ The Chicago Cubs defeated the Detroit Lions, thereby winning the baseball World Series. The Cubs would not win another World Series until 2016.
1884 ~ George Eastman (1854 ~ 1932) received a patent on his photographic film.
1656 ~ Massachusetts enacted the first punitive legislation against the Quakers. Quakers were deemed as being spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
1586 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 ~ 1587), went on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1533 ~ 1603).
1582 ~ Because of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Poland, Portugal, Spain and Italy.
1322 ~ Robert the Bruce (1274 ~ 1329) of Scotland defeated Edward II, King of England (1284 ~ 1327), forcing the King to accept Scotland’s independence.
1066 ~ The Battle of Hastings began with the Norman conquest of England. William the Conqueror (1028 ~ 1087) would defeat the English army and Harold II, King of England (1022 ~ 1066) would be killed in the battle of the following day.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Fred Dean (né Frederick Rudolph Dean; b. Feb. 24, 1952), American professional football player. He was a fearless pass-rushing specialist who helped lead the San Francisco 49ers to Super Bowl victories in 1982 and 1985. He was born in Acadia, Louisiana. He died en route from West Monroe, Louisiana to Jackson, Mississippi at age 68 of Covid-19.
2019 ~ Harold Bloom (b. July 11, 1930), American literary critic who revered the Western canon. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 89 in New Haven, Connecticut.
2017 ~ Richard Wilbur (né Richard Purdy Wilbur; b. Mar. 1, 1921), American poet and literary translator. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 96 in Belmont, Massachusetts.
2014 ~ Elizabeth Peña (née Elizabeth Maria Peña, b. Sept. 23, 1959), American actress. She died 3 weeks after her 55th birthday.
2013 ~ Maxine Powell (née Maxine Blair; b. May 30, 1915), African-American mentor who gave polish to Motown’s stars. She was an etiquette instructor and talent agent. She was born in Texarkana, Texas. She died at age 98 in Southfield, Michigan.
2012 ~ Arlen Specter (b. Feb. 12, 1930), United States Senator from Pennsylvania who battled both sides of the aisle. He died of cancer at age 82.
2012 ~ Dody Weston Thompson (née Dora Harrison; b. Apr. 11, 1923), American photographer. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She died at age 89 in Los Angeles, California.
2011 ~ Laura Inés Pollán Toledo (b. Feb. 13, 1948), Cuban opposition leader who flummoxed the Castro regime. She died of cardiac arrest at age 63.
2010 ~ Benoît Mandelbrot (b. Nov. 20, 1924), Polish-born French mathematician. He died of pancreatic cancer in Cambridge, Massachusetts at age 85.
2009 ~ Bruce Wasserstein (né Bruce Jay Wasserstein; b. Dec. 25, 1947), American investment banker whose deals made for high drama. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 61.
1998 ~ Cleveland Amory (b. Sept. 2, 1917), American author. He was born in Nahant, Massachusetts. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm at age 80.
1990 ~ Leonard Bernstein (né Louis Bernstein; b. Aug. 25, 1918), American conductor and composer. One of his best-known musicals was West Side Story. He was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He died of a heart attack at age 72.
1984 ~ Sir Martin Ryle (b. Sept. 27, 1918), English radio astronomer and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics. He died 17 days after his 66th birthday.
1983 ~ Paul Fix (né Peter Paul Fix; b. Mar. 13, 1901), American character actor, best known for his work in Westerns. He was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York. He died of kidney failure at age 82 in Los Angeles, California.
1977 ~ Bing Crosby (né Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr.; b. May 3, 1903), American singer and actor. He died at age 74 of a heart attack.
1971 ~ Norman Steenrod (né Norman Earl Steenrod; b. Apr. 22, 1910), American mathematician who specialized in algebraic topology. He was born in Dayton, Ohio. He died at age 61 in Princeton, New Jersey.
1959 ~ Errol Flynn (né Errol Leslie Flynn, b. June 20, 1909), Australian actor known for his romantic swashbuckling roles. He died of a heart attack at age 50.
1944 ~ Erwin Rommel (b. Nov. 15, 1891), Nazi German field marshal known as The Desert Fox. He committed suicide a month before his 53rd birthday.
1925 ~ Karl Zsigmondy (b. Mar. 27, 1867), Austrian-Hungarian mathematician. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 58.
1911 ~ John Marshall Harlan (b. June 1, 1833), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States of America. He was nominated to the High Court by President Rutherford Hayes. He replaced David Davis on the Court. He was succeeded by Mahlon Pitney. He served on the Court from November 1877 until his death in October 1911. He died at age 78.
1885 ~ Josh Billings (né Henry Wheeler Shaw; b. Apr. 21, 1818), American humorist and writer. He was born in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. He died at age 67 in Monterey, California.
1857 ~ Joseph Rucker Lamar (d. Jan. 2, 1916), Associate Justice of the United States. He was nominated by William Howard Taft. He served on the Court from December 1910 until his death on January 2, 1916. He was born in Ruckersville, Georgia. In the fall of 1915, he suffered from a stroke. He died of complications of the stroke a few months later at age 58 in Washington, D.C.
1631 ~ Sophie of Meckleburg-Güstrow (b. Sept. 4, 1557), Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. She was the wife of King Frederick II of Denmark. She died at age 74.
1066 ~ Harold Godwinson, King of England (b. 1022), he was defeated and killed by William the Conqueror during the Battle of Hastings. He was also known King Harold II. He was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. The exact date of his birth is not known. He is believed to have been about 43 or 44 at the time of his death.
222 ~ Pope Callixtus I. He was Pope from 218 until his death in 222. He was killed by a mob in Rome’s Trastevere. He had stabilized the Saturday fast days to three days a year, during which no food, oil or wine could be consumed. The exact dates of his birth and death are not actually known.
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