Birthdays:
1981 ~ Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (née Rachel Meghan Markle), American-born actress. Upon her marriage to Prince Henry on May 19, 2018, she became the Duchess of Sussex. Prince Henry was her second husband. In January 2020, she and Henry announced that they were stepping down from their role as senior royals and soon thereafter, they moved to the United States. She was born in Los Angeles, California.
1965 ~ Dennis Lehane, American novelist. He was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts.
1965 ~ Fredrik Reinfeldt (né John Frederik Reinfeldt), Prime Minister of Sweden. He held that Office from October 2006 until October 2014. He was born in Haninge, Sweden.
1962 ~ Roger Clemens (né William Roger Clemens), American baseball player. He played for the Boston Red Sox. He was born in Dayton, Ohio.
1961 ~ Barack Obama (né Barack Hussein Obama, II), the first African American to be elected to the Office of United States President. He was the 44th President of the United States and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize. He assumed the Office of President in January 2009 and served until January 2017. He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1955 ~ Alberto R. Gonzales, 80th United States Attorney General. He served under President George W. Bush from February 2005 until September 2007. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.
1955 ~ Billy Bob Thornton (né William Robert Thornton), American actor. Actress Angelina Jolie was his 5th wife. He was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
1944 ~ Richard Belzer (né Richard Jay Belzer), American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Detective John Munch from the television drama Homicide: Life on the Streets. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
1941 ~ Paul Mooney (né Paul Gladney; d. May 19, 2021), African-American fearless comic who smashed racial taboos. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He died of a heart attack at age 79 in Oakland, California.
1941 ~ Margaret York (née Margaret Mandley; d. Oct. 17, 2021), American trailblazing LAPD detective who inspired Cagney & Lacey. She was the wife of Judge Lance Ito. She was born in Minerva, Ohio. She died at age 80.
1934 ~ Dallas Green (né George Dallas Green; d. Mar. 22, 2017), American outspoken baseball coach who took the Philadelphia Phillies to the World Series in 1980. He was born in Newport, Delaware. He died of kidney disease at age 82 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1928 ~ Gerard Damiano (né Geraldo Rocco Damiano; d. Oct. 25, 2008), American hard-core film director who made Deep Throat. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 80 in Fort Myers, Florida.
1924 ~ Melvyn Kaufman (d. Mar. 18, 2012), American “oddball” architect whose buildings shaped New York City. He died at age 87 in Mamaroneck, New York.
1920 ~ Helen Thomas (née Helen Amelia Thomas; d. July 20, 2013), American feisty journalist who broke barriers at the White House. She was a White House correspondent for many years. Her career took a downspin after she made anti-Semitic remarks when she was 89 years old. She was born in Winchester, Kentucky. She died only 2 weeks before her 93rd birthday in Washington, D.C.
1917 ~ John Fitch (né John Cooper Fitch; d. Oct. 31, 2012), American racing legend who loved speed and safety. He invented the safety barriers found on interstate exit ramps. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died at age 95 in Lime Rock, Connecticut.
1915 ~ Warren Avis (né Warren Edward Avis; d. Apr. 24, 2007), American businessman and founder of Avis Rent-a-Car. He was born in Bay City, Michigan. He died at age 91 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
1912 ~ Raoul Wallenberg (d. 1947), Swedish diplomat. He is known for saving thousand of Jews during the Holocaust. He was detained by the Soviets during the Siege of Budapest and disappeared. He was not seen after January 17, 1945. He was declared to be presumed dead on July 17, 1947. He would have been 34 years old.
1912 ~ Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (d. July 27, 1999), Russian mathematician. He died a week before his 87thbirthday in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1909 ~ Saunders Mac Lane (d. Apr. 14, 2005), American mathematician. He was the co-founder of category theory. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut. He died at age 95 in San Francisco, California.
1901 ~ Louis Armstrong (né Louis Daniel Armstrong; d. July 6, 1971), American jazz trumpeter and singer. He was known as Satchmo. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died of a heart attack a month before his 70th birthday in Queens, New York.
1900 ~ Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (née Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, d. Mar. 30, 2002), Scottish Queen consort of George VI, King of the United Kingdom. She was the mother of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom. She was known as the Queen Mother. She was of the House of Bowes-Lyon. She was the daughter of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 4thEarl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. She died at age 101.
1859 ~ Knut Hamsun (d. Feb. 19, 1952), Norwegian writer and recipient of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 92.
1834 ~ John Venn (d. Apr. 4, 1923), English mathematician. He is best known for introducing the Venn diagram into the field of mathematics. He died at age 88 in Cambridge, England.
1821 ~ Louis Vuitton (d. Feb. 27, 1892), French designer of leather goods, especially trunks and bags. He is the founder of the House of Louis Vuitton brand of leather goods. He died of brain cancer at age 70.
1817 ~ Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (né Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen; d. May 20, 1885), 25th United States Secretary of State. He served in that office from December 1881 until March 1885, during the administrations of President Chester Arthur and Grover Cleveland. He had previously served as a United States Senator from New Jersey. He was born in Millstone, New Jersey. He died at age 67 in Newark, New Jersey.
1805 ~ Sir William Hamilton (né William Rowan Hamilton; d. Sept. 2, 1865), Irish mathematician. He was known for his work in pure mathematics and mathematical physics. He was born and died in Dublin, Ireland. He died of a severe gout attack about a month after his 60th birthday.
1792 ~ Percy Bysshe Shelley (d. July 8, 1822), English poet. He drowned about a month before his 30th birthday.
1521 ~ Pope Urban VII (né Giovanni Battista Castagna; d. Sept. 27, 1590). He was Pope for only 12 days, from September 15 through September 27, 1590. His papacy was the shortest in Catholic history. He was born and died in Rome, Papal States. He died of malaria at age 69.
1470 ~ Lucrezia de’Medici (née Lucrezia Maria Romola de’Medici; d. Nov. 15, 1553), Italian noblewoman. She was the wife of Jacopo Salviati. She was of the noble de’Medici family. She was the daughter of Lorenzo de’Medici and Clarice Orsini. The exact date of her death is not known, but it is believed she died sometime between November 10 and 15, 1553. She was 83 years old.
1463 ~ Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’Medici (d. May 20, 1503), Italian banker and politician. He died at age 39.
1290 ~ Leopold I, Duke of Austria (d. Feb. 28, 1326). He co-ruled as the Duke of Austria, along with his older brother, Frederick the Fair. Leopold was known as The Glorious. He was married to Catherine of Savoy. They had 2 daughters. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the third son of Albert I, King of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol. He died at age 35.
1282 ~ Külüg Khan (d. Jan. 27, 1311), Chinese Emperor of Yuan. He died at age 29.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Ten people were killed in a mass shooting in Dayton, Ohio. At least 23 others were injured. The shooter was shot and killed by police.
1984 ~ The Republic of Upper Volta in Africa changed its name and became known as Burkina Faso.
1977 ~ President Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) signed legislation creating the United States Department of Energy. James Schlesinger (1929 ~ 2014) was the first Secretary of Energy. He served from August 6, 1977 through August 23, 1979.
1964 ~ The bodies of Civil Rights workers, Michael Schwerner (1939 ~ 1964), Andrew Goodman (1943 ~ 1964), and James Chaney (1943 ~ 1964), were found in Mississippi. They had been missing since June 21.
1958 ~ The Billboard Hot 100 list was first published. The first Number One hit was Ricky Nelson’s Poor Little Fool.
1946 ~ An 8.0 magnitude earthquake hit Dominican Republic killing 100 people and leaving 20,000 people homeless.
1944 ~ Anne Frank (1929 ~ 1945) and her family were discovered hiding by the Gestapo.
1914 ~ Germany invaded Belgium causing Belgium and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany during World War I. The United States, at this point in time, remained neutral.
1892 ~ The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden (1860 ~ 1927) were discovered murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home. Lizzie Borden would be tried and acquitted a year later.
1821 ~ The Saturday Evening Post was began publication as a weekly newspaper. The magazine was redesigned in 2013 and is currently published 6 times a year.
1783 ~ The volcanic Mount Asama in Japan erupted killing about 1,400 people. The eruption ultimate caused a famine resulting in the deaths of nearly 20,000 people.
1693 ~ The traditional date ascribed to Dom Perignon’s discovery of the process of making champagne.
Good-Byes:
2014 ~ James Brady (né James Scott Brady, b. Aug. 29, 1940), 14th White House Press Secretary. He served under President Ronald Reagan. He was the Reagan staffer who championed gun control. He was seriously injured when he was shot in the head during an assassination attempt on President Reagan in 1981 and spent the last 33 years in a wheelchair. Following his injury, he became a gun control advocate. He was born in Centralia, Illinois. He died at age 73, just 25 days before his 74th birthday in Alexandria, Virginia.
2013 ~ Art “The Bulldog” Donovan (né Arthur James Donovan, Jr., b. June 5, 1924), Hall of Fame tackle for the Baltimore Colts. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 89 in Baltimore, Maryland.
2004 ~ Mary Sherman Morgan (née Mary Sherman; b. Nov. 4, 1921), American rocket fuel scientist. She is credited with inventing the liquid fuel Hydyne. She was born in Ray, North Dakota. She died at age 82.
2003 ~ Frederick Chapman Robbins (b. Aug. 25, 1916), American virologist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with the polio virus. He was born in Auburn, Alabama. He died 3 weeks before his 87th birthday in Cleveland, Ohio.
1997 ~ Jeanne Calment (b. Feb. 21, 1875), French super-centenarian. She holds the record for the world’s substantiated longest-lived person. In 1965, Andre-François Raffray entered into a property deal with Calment to acquire her apartment upon her death. Raffray, then 47 years old, agreed to pay her rent until her death. She was at the time rather elderly and Raffray believed she would die soon. Instead, he died in 1995 at age 77. She went on to live two more years. She died at age 122 years and 164 days. In 2019, researchers have challenged her claim, and alleged that she actually died in 1934 and her daughter assumed her identity.
1977 ~ Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (né Edgar Douglas Adrian; b. Nov. 30, 1889), British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the function of neurons. He was born in London, England. He died at age 87 in Cambridge, England.
1962 ~ Marilyn Monroe (née Norma Jean Mortenson; b. June 1, 1926), American model and actress. She was born and died in Los Angeles, California. She died by suicide at age 36.
1948 ~ Mileva Marić (b. Dec. 29, 1875), Serbian mathematician and physicist. She was a student of Albert Einstein. She was also his first wife. They married in 1903, but divorced 16 years later. She was born in Titel, Serbia. She died at age 72 in Zurich, Switzerland.
1940 ~ Ze’ev Jabotinsky (né Vladimir Yevgingevich Zhabotinsky, b. Oct. 17, 1880), Jewish-Zionist political activist and general. He was born in Odessa, Russian Empire (current day Ukraine). He died of a heart attack at age 59 while visiting in Hunter, New York.
1931 ~ Daniel Williams (né Daniel Hale Williams; b. Jan. 18, 1856), African-American surgeon. In 1893, he is reported to have performed the first successful pericardium heart surgery to repair a wound. The patient survived and lived an additional 20 years. Williams was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. He died at age 75 in Idlewild, Michigan.
1900 ~ Jacob Dolson Cox (b. Oct. 27, 1828), 10th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant. He served in that Office from March 1869 thorough October 1870. He had previously served as the 28th Governor of Ohio, from January 1866 until January 1868. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He died while on summer vacation in Gloucester, Massachusetts at age 71.
1900 ~ Étienne Lenoir (né Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir; b. Jan. 12, 1822), Belgium-French engineer and designer of the internal combustion engine. He died at age 78.
1886 ~ Samuel J. Tilden (né Samuel Jones Tilden; b. Feb. 9, 1814), Governor of New York State. He was Governor from January 1875 until December 1876. He was born in New Lebanon, New York. He died at age 72 in Yonkers, New York.
1875 ~ Hans Christian Andersen (b. Apr. 2, 1805), Danish writer of children’s stories and fairy tales. He died at age 70 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1834 ~ William Johnson (b. Dec. 29, 1777), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated by President Thomas Jefferson. He served on the High Court from May 1804 until his death 30 years later. He replaced Alfred Moore on the Court. He was succeeded by James Wayne. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He died at age 62 following jaw surgery in New York City, New York.
1792 ~ General John Burgoyne (b. Feb. 24, 1722), British General who fought in the American Revolutionary War. He died at age 70 in London, England.
1778 ~ Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (b. Nov. 22, 1698), Canadian-American politician and 10thGovernor of French Louisiana, from 1743 until 1753. He was born in Quebec, New France. He died at age 79 in Paris, France.
1699 ~ Maria Sophia of Neuburg (b. Aug. 6, 1666), Queen consort of Portugal and second wife of Peter II, King of Portugal. She was of the House of Wittelsbach. She was the daughter of Philip William, Elector of Palatine and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was Roman Catholic. She died of a fever 2 days before her 33rd birthday.
1578 ~ Sebastian, King of Portugal and the Algarves (b. Jan. 20, 1554). He reigned from June 1557 until his death in 1578. He died young and never married. He was of the House of Aviz. He was the son of John Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and Joanna of Austria. He was the grandson of John III, King of Portugal. He died in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir at age 24.
1306 ~ Wenceslaus III, King of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland (b. Oct. 6, 1289). He ruled from 1310 until 1305 when he abandoned his claim to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria. He was married to Viola of Teschen. He was of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was the son of Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia and Judith of Habsburg. He was assassinated by stabbing at age 16. His murder remains unsolved.
1060 ~ Henry I, King of France (b. May 4, 1008). He ruled as junior king from May 1027 until July 1031 when he became the senior King. He was married twice. His first wife was Matilda of Frisia. His second wife was Anne of Kiev. He was of the House of Capet. He was the son of Robert II, King of France and Constance of Arles. He died at age 52.
966 ~ Berengar II, King of Italy (b. 900). He ruled over Italy from 950 until 961, when his kingdom was conquered by Otto I, King of Germany. He was married to Willa of Tuscany. He was of the House of Anscarids. He was the son of Adalbert I, Margrave of Ivrea and Gisela of Friuli. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 65 or 66 at the time of his death.
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