Birthdays:
2003 ~ Quvenzhané Wallis, American actress from Houma, Louisiana. She starred in the film, Beasts of the Southern Wild when she was 5 years old. She was born in Houma, Louisiana.
1986 ~ Galid Shalit, Israeli soldier who was abducted by Hamas in June 2006 and held for over 5 years until he was released as part of a prisoner exchange in October 2011. He was born in Nahariyya, Israel.
1984 ~ Lynika Strozier (d. June 7, 2020), African-American research scientist who overcame a severe childhood learning disability and a drug-addicted parent to become a researcher at the Field Museum in Chicago. She extracted DNA from plants, some as tiny as an eyelash. She was born in Birmingham, Alabama. She died in Chicago, Illinois of complications of Covid-19 at age 35.
1969 ~ Jack Black (né Thomas Jacob Black), American actor and comedian. He was born in Santa Monica, California.
1969 ~ Sheryl Sandberg (née Sheryl Kara Sandberg), American technology executive and author. She was born in Washington, D.C.
1961 ~ Jennifer Coolidge (née Jennifer Audrey Coolidge), American comedic actress. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
1957 ~ Daniel Stern (né Daniel Jacob Stern), American actor. He is best known for his role as Shrevie in the movie Diner. He was born in Bethesda, Maryland.
1943 ~ Lou Piniella (né Louis Victor Piniella), American professional baseball player and manager. He was known as Sweet Lou. He was born in Tampa, Florida.
1941 ~ Joseph Shabalala (né Bhekizizwe Joseph Siphatimandla Mxoveni Mshengu Bigboy Shabalala; d. Feb. 11, 2020), South African singer who took South African sounds global. He was the founder and musical director of the choral group Ladysmith Balck Mambazo. He was born in Ladysmith, South Africa. He died in Pretoria, South Africa at age 79.
1940 ~ Gloria Leonard (née Gale Sandra Klinetsky; d. Feb. 3, 2014), American porn star who became a publisher of High Society, a pornographic magazine. She was also a pioneer in telephone sex. She was born in The Bronx, New York. She died of a stroke at age 73 in Waimea, Hawaii.
1940 ~ William Cohen (né William Sebastian Cohen), American politician and United States Senator from Maine. He was the 20th United States Secretary of Defense from 1997 until 2000, during the Clinton administration. He was born in Bangor, Maine.
1939 ~ Sir John Kingman (né John Frank Charles Kingman), British mathematician. He was born in Beckenham, Kent, England.
1931 ~ Ed Pauls (né Edward Arthur Pauls; d. Oct. 9, 2011), American inventor of the Nordic Track. He died at age 80 in Montrose, Colorado.
1930 ~ Ben Gazzara (né Biagio Anthony Gazzarra; d. Feb. 3, 2012), American actor. He was the brooding actor of stage and film. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 81.
1921 ~ Nancy Kulp (née Nancy Jane Kulp; d. Feb. 3, 1991), American actress best known for her role as Miss Jane on the Beverly Hillbillies. She was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She died of cancer at age 69 in Palm Desert, California.
1919 ~ Sir Godfrey Hounsfield (né Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield; d. Aug. 12, 2004), English electrical engineer and inventor. He was the recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died in London 2 weeks before his 85th birthday.
1919 ~ Ben Agajanian (né Benjamin James Agajanian; d. Feb. 8, 2018), American “Toeless Wonder” who became an NFL Kicker. In 1941, he suffered a gruesome injury when his right foot was caught in an elevator, damaging his toes beyond repair. Despite his injury, he was still able to kick a football. He was born in Santa Ana, California. He died at age 98 in Cathedral City, California.
1915 ~ Tasha Tudor (née Starling Burgess; d. June 18, 2008), American author and illustrator. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Marlboro, Vermont. She was 92 years old.
1911 ~ Joseph Luns (né Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns; d. July 17, 2002), Dutch politician and 5th Secretary General of NATO. He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He died at age 90 in Brussels, Belgium.
1910 ~ Tjalling Koopmans (né Tjalling Charles Koopmans; d. Feb. 26, 1985), Dutch-American mathematician and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He died in New Haven, Connecticut at age 74.
1903 ~ Bruno Bettelheim (d. Mar. 13, 1990), Austrian-born American psychiatrist. He was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He died at age 86 in Silver Spring, Maryland.
1878 ~ George Whipple (né George Hoyt Whipple, d. Feb. 1, 1976), American pathologist and recipient of the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in liver therapy. He was born in Ashland, New Hampshire. He died at age 97 in Rochester, New York.
1837 ~ Francis, Duke of Teck (né Count Francis von Hohenstein; d. Jan. 21, 1900). Austrian-born nobleman who married into the British royal family. In 1886, he married Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. They were the parents of Mary of Teck, Queen consort of the United Kingdom and grandparents of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom. He was of the House of Teck. He was the son of Duke Alexander of Wüttemberg and Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde. He died at age 62.
1831 ~ Lucy Webb Hayes (née Lucy Ware Webb; d. June 25, 1883), First Lady of the United States. She was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes. She was known as Lemonade Lucy due to the fact that alcohol was banned from the White House during the Hayes administration. She was the first First Lady to have a college degree. She instituted the Easter Egg Roll on the White House lawn. She was born in Chillicothe, Ohio. She died of a stroke at age 57 in Fremont, Ohio.
1827 ~ Grand Duchess Catherine Makhailovna of Russia (d. May 12, 1894). She became the Duchess Georg of Mecklenburg-Strelitz upon her 1851 marriage to Duke Georg of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. She was the daughter of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia and Princess Charlotte of Württemberg. She was the granddaughter of Paul I, Tsar of Russia. She was Russian Orthodox. She died at age 66.
1801 ~ Antoine Augustin Cournot (d. Mar. 31, 1877), French mathematician. He died at age 75 in Paris, France.
1774 ~ Elizabeth Ann Seton (née Elizabeth Ann Bayley; d. Jan. 4, 1821), American Catholic nun and American saint. She was canonized as a saint in 1975. She was born in New York, Province of New York, British America. She died at age 46 of tuberculosis in Emmitsburg, Maryland.
1749 ~ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (d. Mar. 22, 1832), German writer and politician. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany. He died at age 82 in Weimar, Germany.
1728 ~ John Stark (d. May 8, 1822), General during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire. A road in Dover, New Hampshire is named after him. He died in Derryfield, New Hampshire at age 93.
1691 ~ Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. Dec. 21, 1750), Holy Roman Empress consort and wife of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. They married in 1708. She was of the House of Welf. She was the daughter of Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen. She converted from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism upon her marriage. She died at age 59.
1667 ~ Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d. Mar. 15, 1721), Queen consort of Denmark and Norway and first wife of Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway. They married in 1695 when he was still the Crown Prince of Denmark. He had numerous mistresses during their marriage. She was of the House of Mecklenburg. She was the daughter of Gustav Adolf, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottop. She was Lutheran. She died at age 53.
1582 ~ Taichang (d. Sept. 26, 1620), 15th Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was emperor for only a month, from August 28 until his death on September 26, 1620. He died a month after his 38th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
1996 ~ Charles, Prince of Wales (b. 1948) and Diana, Princess of Wales (1961 ~ 1997), divorced after 15 years of marriage. They had been separated for 4 years. They had married on July 29, 1981.
1968 ~ The Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois and was interrupted by riots.
1964 ~ The Philadelphia race riots began. The riots went on for two days.
1963 ~ Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929 ~ 1968), gave his I Have a Dream speech in Washington, D.C.
1957 ~ South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond (1902 ~ 2003) began a filibuster to prevent the Senate from voting on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Senator Thurmond spoke non-stop for 24 hours and 18 minutes.
1955 ~ Emmett Till (1941 ~ 1955) African-American who was brutally lynched and murdered in Mississippi, sparking a turning point in the American Civil Rights Movement. He was lynched after a white woman claimed he had offended her.
1941 ~ Over 23,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by Gestapo in occupied Ukraine.
1937 ~ Toyota Motors became an independent company.
1936 ~ Nazi Germany began mass arrests of Jehovah’s Witnesses, who were then sent to concentration camps.
1916 ~ During World War I, Germany declared war on Romania. Italy declared war on Germany.
1913 ~ The Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands was formally opened by Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands. It was originally built to provide a hime for the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Palace is now an international law administration building and houses the International Court of Justice.
1898 ~ Caleb Bradham (1867 ~ 1934), invented the soft drink, initially called Brad’s Drink, which was later renamed as Pepsi-Cola.
1867 ~ The United States claimed the previously uninhabited Midway Atoll, the first territory annexed outside the Continental.
1845 ~ Scientific American magazine began publication.
1789 ~ Astronomer William Herschel (1738 ~ 1822) discovered a new moon of Saturn that would be named Enceladus.
1619 ~ Ferdinand II (1578 ~ 1637) was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1609 ~ Henry Hudson (1565 ~ 1611) discovered the Delaware Bay.
1565 ~ Pedro Mendéndez de Avilés (1519 ~ 1574) sighted land near St. Augustine, Florida and founded the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
1521 ~ The Ottoman Turks began occupation of what is now Belgrade, Serbia.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Chadwick Boseman (né Chadwick Aaron Boseman; b. Nov. 29, 1976), African-American actor and Black Panther star who portrayed African-American icons. He was born in Anderson, South Carolina. He died at age 43 of colon cancer in Los Angeles, California.
2014 ~ John A. Walker, Jr. (né John Anthony Walker, Jr., b. July 28, 1937), American Navy officer who led a family spy ring. He was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union from 1968 until 1985. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died in prison in Butner, North Carolina a month after his 77th birthday.
2013 ~ Manson Whitlock (b. Feb. 21, 1917), American repairman who cherished typewriters. He died at age 96 in Bethany, Connecticut.
2012 ~ Eva Figes (née Eva Unger, b. Apr. 15, 1932), German-born Jewish feminist author who escaped Nazi Germany. She was born in Berlin, Germany. She died at age 80 in London, England.
2006 ~ Melvin Schwartz (b. Nov. 2, 1932), American physicist and recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in New York, New York. He died of Parkinson’s disease at age 73 in Twin Falls, Idaho.
2005 ~ George Szekeres (b. May 29, 1911), Hungarian mathematician and husband of Esther Szekeres (1910 ~ 2005). He died within hours of his wife. He was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. He died in Adelaide, Australia. He was 94 years old.
2005 ~ Esther Szekeres (née Esther Klein, b. Feb. 20, 1910), Hungarian mathematician and wife of George Szekeres (1911 ~ 2005). She and her husband died within hours of each other. She was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. She died in Adelaide, Australia. She was 95 years old.
1987 ~ John Huston (né John Marcellus Huston; b. Aug. 5, 1906), American director and father of actress Angelica Huston. He was born in Nevada, Missouri. He died in Middletown, Rhode Island 23 days after his 81st birthday.
1985 ~ Ruth Gordon (née Ruth Gordon Jones; b. Oct. 30, 1896), American actress, best known for her role as Maude in the 1971 cult film Harold and Maude. She was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She died in Edgartown, Massachusetts at age 88.
1984 ~ Muhammad Naguib (b. Feb. 20, 1901), Egyptian general and 1st President of Egypt. He served as President from June 1953 until November 1954. He was born in Khartoum, Egypt. He died at age 83 in Cairo, Egypt.
1978 ~ Bruce Catton (né Charles Bruce Catton, b. Oct. 9, 1899), American historian and author whose focus was the American Civil War. He was born in Petoskey, Michigan. He died of a respiratory illness at age 78 in Frankfort, Michigan.
1971 ~ Reuvein Margolies (b. Nov. 30, 1889), Hungarian-born Israeli author and Talmudic scholar. He died at age 81.
1965 ~ Guilio Racah (b. Feb. 9, 1909), Italian-born Israeli physicist and mathematician. He was born and died in Florence, Italy. He died at age 56 of asphyxiated from an apparent faulty heater.
1955 ~ Emmett Till (né Emmitt Louis Till; b. July 25, 1941), African-American teenager who was lynched and murdered in Mississippi, thereby galvanizing the American Civil Rights Movement. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was murdered at age 14 in Drew, Mississippi.
1943 ~ Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria (b. Jan. 30, 1894). He reigned over Bulgaria from October 1918 until his death 25 years later. He is best known for taking steps to protect the Jews of Bulgaria during World War II. In 1930, he married Princess Giovanna of Italy. He was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháy. He was the son of Ferdinand I, King of Bulgaria and Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. He was Eastern Orthodox. He died of a heart attack at age 49. He was succeeded by his son, Simeon II, King of Bulgaria.
1931 ~ Francis Bellamy (né Francis Julius Bellamy; b. May 18, 1855), American Christian socialist minister and author. He is best known for creating the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance. He was born in Mount Morris, New York. He died at age 76 in Tampa, Florida.
1915 ~ John Davis Long (b. Oct. 27, 1838), 34th United States Secretary of the Navy. He served under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from March 1897 until Apr. 1902. He had previously served as the 32nd Governor of Massachusetts from January 1880 until January 1883. He was born in Buckfield, Maine and died in Hingham, Massachusetts. He was 76 years old at the time of his death.
1903 ~ Frederick Law Olmsted (b. Apr. 26, 1822), American landscape architect, best known for his planning and designing of Central Park in New York City. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut and died at age 81 in Belmont, Massachusetts.
1784 ~ Junípero Serra (b. Nov. 24, 1713), Franciscan missionary who, in 1769, explored the California coast and founded the first mission in present-day San Diego de Alcala, California. He died at age 70.
1665 ~ Elisabetta Sirani (b. Jan. 8, 1638), Italian Baroque painter and printmaker. She established an academy for other women artists. She was born and died in Bologna, Holy Roman Empire. She died under mysterious circumstances at age 27.
1481 ~ Afonso V, King of Portugal and the Algarves (b. Jan. 15, 1432). He ruled from September 1438 until his death in August 1481. He was married twice, first to Isabel of Coimbra (1432 ~ 1455). They married in 1450. In 1475, he married Joanna la Beltraneja (1462 ~ 1530). He was of the House of Aviz. He was the son of Edward, King of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 49.
1231 ~ Infanta Eleanor of Portugal, (b. 1211) Queen consort of Denmark and wife of Vlademar the Young, Junior King of Denmark. After her death, Vlademar never remarried. She was of the Portuguese House of Burgundy. She was the daughter of Afonso II, King of Portugal and Urrace of Castile. She was Roman Catholic. The exact date of her birth is not known. She died in childbirth at age 19 or 20.
1055 ~ Emperor Xingzong of Liao (b. Apr. 3, 1016), 7th Chinese Emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He died at age 39.
876 ~ Louis the German, King of East Francia (b. 806). He was also known as the Louis II, King of Germany. He reigned from 843 until his death in August 876. He was married to Emma of Altdorf. They married in 827. He was of the Carolingian Dynasty. He was the son of Louis the Pious and Ermengarde of Hesbaye. The exact date of his birth is not known, but his is believed to have been about age 69 or 70 at the time of his death.
430 ~ Saint Augustine of Hippo (b. Nov. 13, 354), early Christian theologian. He died at age 75.
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