Birthday:
1992 ~ Cara Delevingne (née Cara Jocelyn Delevingne), English model and actress. She was born in London, England
1975 ~ Casey Affleck (né Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt), American actor. He is the younger brother of actor Ben Affleck. He was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts.
1971 ~ Michael Ian Black (né Michael Ian Schwartz), American comedian. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1971 ~ Pete Sampras (né Petros Sampras), American tennis player. He was born in Potomac, Maryland.
1967 ~ Stephen Hillenburg (né Stephen McDannell Hillenburg; d. Nov. 26, 2018), American animator and creator of SpongeBob SquarePants. He was born in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He died of ALS at age 57 in San Marino, California.
1966 ~ Richard O’Brien (né Richard William O’Brien; d. May 3, 2020), American law enforcement officer. He was a 25-year veteran of the Cook County, Illinois sheriff’s department. He kept working despite having been diagnosed with leukemia in January 2020. He died at age 53 of Covid-19.
1954 ~ François Hollande (né François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande), 24th President of France. He was elected on May 6, 2012 and sworn in on the 15th of May, succeeding Nicolas Sarkozy. He was President until May 2017. He was born in Rouen, France.
1949 ~ Mark Knopfler (né Mark Freuder Knopfler), British singer-songwriter and lead singer for the band, Dire Straits. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland.
1948 ~ Sue Monk Kidd, American author best known for her novel, The Secret Live of Bees. She was born in Sylvester, Georgia.
1939 ~ George Hamilton (né George Stevens Hamilton), American actor. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
1936 ~ Evelyn Lauder (née Evelyn Hausner; d. Nov. 12, 2011), American breast cancer survivor who campaigned with pink ribbons. She was the daughter-in-law of cosmetics magnate Estée Lauder. She was born in Vienna, Austria. She died of complications of ovarian cancer at age 75 in New York, New York.
1931 ~ William Goldman (d. Nov. 16, 2018), American author, playwright and screenwriter who had the best lines. He is best known for his comedy-fantasy novel, The Princess Bride, which was also adapted to film. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died from complications of colon cancer at age 87 in Manhattan, New York.
1930 ~ Jacques Tits (d. Dec. 5, 2021), Belgian-French mathematician. He is best known for his work in group theory. He was born in Uccle, Belgium. He died at age 91 in Paris, France.
1929 ~ Buck Owens (né Alvis Edgar Owens, Jr.; d. Mar. 25, 2006), American singer and television personality. He was born in Sherman, Texas. He died of a heart attack at age 76 in Bakersfield, California.
1926 ~ John Derek (né Derek Delevans Harris; d. May 22, 1998), American actor, director and photographer. He was married several times. His last wife was actress Bo Derek. He was born in Hollywood, California. He died at age 71 of cardiovascular disease in Santa Maria, California.
1925 ~ Dale Bumpers (né Dale Leon Bumpers; d. Jan. 1, 2016), United States Senator from Arkansas. He served in the Senate from January 1975 until January 1999. He had previously served as the 38th Governor of Arkansas from January 1971 until January 1975. He was born in Charleston, Arkansas. He died at age 90 in Little Rock, Arkansas.
1919 ~ Margaret Burbidge (née Eleanor Margaret Peachey; d. Apr. 5, 2020), British-born American astrophysicist. She was born in Davenport, Stockport, United Kingdom. She died at age 100 in San Francisco, California.
1910 ~ Jane Wyatt (née Jane Waddington Wyatt; d. Oct. 20, 2006), American actress who played TV’s ideal suburban mom in her role in Father Knows Best. She was born in Campgaw, New Jersey. She died at age 96 in Los Angeles, California.
1904 ~ Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsesarevich of Russia (d. July 17, 1918). Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov (b. Aug. 12, 1904), member of the Russian Royal family. He was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. He was the only son and heir apparent of Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna (née Alix of Hesse and by Rhine). He was assassinated less than a month before his 14th birthday by Bolshevik secret police.
1892 ~ S.R. Ranganathan (né Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan; d. Sept. 27, 1972), Indian mathematician. He was born in Shiyala, British India (current dayTamil Nadu, India). He died at age 80 in Bengalore, India.
1887 ~ Erwin Schrödinger (né Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger; d. Jan. 4, 1961), Austrian physicist and recipient of the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is best known for his thought experiment, or paradox, of Schrödinger’s cat, which illustrated the problem of an interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday objects. Under this theory, a cat is randomly put into a box where it being both alive and dead are possibilities. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria. He died of tuberculosis at age 73.
1882 ~ George Bellows (né George Wesley Bellows; d. Jan. 8, 1825), American artist. He was known for his realistic paintings. The exact date of his birth is in question. He may actually have been born on August 19th. He was born in Columbus, Ohio. He died at age 42 of a ruptured appendix in New York, New York.
1881 ~ Cecil B. DeMille (né Cecil Blount DeMille; d. Jan. 21, 1959), American film director. He is best known for his epic The Ten Commandments. He was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts. He died of heart failure at age 77 in Hollywood, California.
1880 ~ Christy Mathewson (né Christopher Mathewson; d. Oct. 7, 1925), American baseball player. In 1936, he was elected as one of the first members into the Baseball Hall of Fame. He was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania. He died of tuberculosis at age 45 in Saranack Lake, New York.
1866 ~ Jacinto Benavente (né Jacinto Benavente y Martínez; d. July 14, 1954), Spanish writer and recipient of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born and died in Madrid, Spain. He died a month before his 88th birthday.
1862 ~ Julius Rosenwald (d. Jan. 6, 1932), American businessman and philanthropist. He was an early president of Sears and Roebuck Company. He established the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. In addition, he contributed millions of dollars to support black education and Jewish philanthropies. In the early 2000s there was still a Rosenwald school in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was born in Springfield, Illinois. He died at age 69 in Highland Park, Illinois.
1859 ~ Katharine Lee Bates (d. Mar. 28, 1929), American songwriter. She composed America the Beautiful in 1893 while admiring the view from the top of Pike’s Peak in Colorado. She was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts and died in Wellesley, Massachusetts at age 69.
1856 ~ Diamond Jim Brady (né James Buchanan Brady; d. Apr. 13, 1917), American businessman and financier. He was born in New York, New York. He died of an apparent heart attack at age 60 in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
1844 ~ John A. Roche (d. Feb. 10, 1904), 30th Mayor of Chicago. He was Mayor from 1887 until 1889. He was born in Utica, New York. He died at age 59 of uremic poisoning in Chicago, Illinois.
1801 ~ John Cadbury (d. May 11, 1889), English businessman and founder of the Cadbury Chocolate company. He was born and died in Birmingham, England. He died at age 87.
1774 ~ Robert Southey (d. Mar. 21, 1843), British poet and writer. He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from August 1813 until his death in March 1843. He was born in Bristol, England. He died at age 68 in London, England.
1762 ~ George IV, King of the United Kingdom (d. June 26, 1830). He ruled the United Kingdom from January 1820 until his death in June 1830. He was married to Princess Caroline of Brunswick. It was an unhappy marriage that the two separated soon after the birth of their only child. He was of the House of Hanover. He was the son of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He died at age 67.
1629 ~ Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria (d. Feb. 24, 1685), Duchess consort of Mantau and Montferrat. She was the wife of Charles II, Duke of Mantau and Montferrat. He was her first husband. It was not a happy marriage. After his death, she entered into a secret marriage with her lover, Count Charles Bulgarini. When this marriage became known, the Pope forced her to take the veil and she entered a convent where she was imprisoned for the remainder of her life. She was of a sideline House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and Count of Tyrol and Claudia de’Medici. She died at age 55.
1503 ~ Christian III, King of Denmark (d. Jan. 1, 1559). He reigned from July 1534 until his death in 1559. During his reign, he established Lutheranism as the state religion. He was married to Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (1511 ~ 1571). He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Frederick I, King of Denmark and Anna of Brandenburg. He was Lutheran. He died at age 55.
1452 ~ Abraham Zacuto (d. 1515), Jewish rabbi, astronomer and mathematician. The crater Zagut on the moon is named in his honor. The exact date of his death is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 63.
Events that Changed the World:
2017 ~ At a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, a member of the rally rammed his vehicle into a crowd of protesters, killing one woman and injuring numerous others.
2016 ~ Historic flooding began in Southern Louisiana following a severe rainstorm. Over the course of 3 days, at least 24 inches of rain fell on the area. Following the rain, backwater from all the nearby rivers and bayous contributed to additional flooding leaving thousands of people homeless. Over 110,000 homes that were not in an area generally hit by flooding were damaged or destroyed. Many of the flooded homes were in areas not designated as a floodplain, hence homeowners did not have flood insurance. At least 13 people died in the flooding.
1994 ~ Major League Baseball players went on strike. This ultimately forced the cancellation of the 1994 World Series.
1992 ~ The terms and negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are completed between Canada, the United States and Mexico.
1990 ~ The largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton found today was discovered by Susan Hendrickson (b. 1949) in South Dakota. The dinosaur was given the name Sue in honor of its discoverer.
1981 ~ The IBM Personal Computer was first released.
1964 ~ South Africa was banned from allowing its athletes to compete in the Olympic Games due to the country’s racist policies.
1952 ~ The Night of the Murdered Poets was the execution of 13 Soviet Jewish intellectuals in Moscow.
1914 ~ The United Kingdom declared war on Austria-Hungary during World War I. The other countries within the British Empire soon also declared war and entered into World War I.
1865 ~ Joseph Lister (1827 ~ 1912) performed the first antiseptic surgery.
1851 ~ Isaac Singer (1811 ~ 1875) was granted a patent for his sewing machine.
1676 ~ Praying Indian John Alderman shot and killed Wampanoag war chief, Metacomet (1638 ~ 1676), thus ending the King Philip’s War. Praying Indian is a 17th term that refers to Native Americans in New England who converted to Christianity, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.
Good-Byes:
2014 ~ Lauren Bacall (née Betty Joan Perske; b. Sept. 16, 1924), American sultry actress who enchanted audiences and co-stars. She was born in the Bronx, New York. She died about a month before her 90th birthday in Manhattan, New York.
2009 ~ Les Paul (né Lester William Polsfuss; b. June 9, 1915), American guitarist. He was born in Waukesha, Wisconsin. He died at age 94 in White Plains, New York.
2007 ~ Merv Griffin (né Mervyn Edward Griffin, Jr.; b. July 6, 1925), American producer best known for creating game shows such as Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune. He was born in San Mateo, California. He died at age 82 in Los Angeles, California.
2004 ~ Sir Godfrey Hounsfield (né Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield; b. Aug. 28, 1919), English electrical engineer and inventor. He was the recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died in London 2 weeks before his 85th birthday.
2002 ~ Enos Slaughter (né Enos Bradsher Slaughter; b. Apr. 27, 1916), American baseball player. He was born in Roxboro, North Carolina. He died at age 86 in Durham, North Carolina.
1992 ~ John Cage (né John Milton Cage, Jr.; b. Sept. 5, 1912), American avant-garde composer. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died 24 days before his 80th birthday in New York, New York.
1990 ~ Bernard Kliban (b. Jan. 1, 1935), American cartoonist. He signed his work simply B. Kliban. He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut. He died at age 55 of a heart embolism in San Francisco, California.
1989 ~ William Shockley (né William Bradford Shockley, Jr.; b. Feb. 13, 1910), British-born American physicist and recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with transistors. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Laboratories. He was born in London, England. He died at age 79 in Stanford, California.
1988 ~ Jean-Michel Basquiat (b. Dec. 22, 1960) American artist. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 27 of a heroin overdose.
1982 ~ Henry Fonda (né Henry Jaynes Fonda, b. May 16, 1905), American actor. He was born in Grand Island, Nebraska. He died of heart failure at age 77 in Los Angeles, California.
1979 ~ Sir Ernst Boris Chain (b. June 19, 1979), German biochemist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in penicillin. Following the rise of Nazism in Germany, he fled to England in 1933. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died at age 73 in Ireland.
1973 ~ Karl Ziegler (né Karl Walderman Ziegler; b. Nov. 26, 1898), German chemist and recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on polymers. He died at age 74.
1973 ~ Walter Rudolf Hess (b. Mar. 17, 1881), Swiss physiologist and recipient of the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for mapping areas of the brain that control internal organs. He died of heart failure at age 92.
1967 ~ Esther Forbes (née Esther Louise Forbes; b. June 28, 1891), American historian and writer. She wrote children’s literature and is best known for her novel Johnny Tremain. She was born in Westborough, Massachusetts. She died of rheumatic heard disease at age 76 in Worcester, Massachusetts.
1964 ~ Ian Fleming (né Ian Lancaster Fleming; b. May 28, 1908), British intelligence officer and author. He was the creator of James Bond. He was born in London, England. He died of heart disease at age 56 in Canterbury, Kent, England.
1955 ~ James B. Sumner (né John Batcheller Sumner; b. Nov. 19, 1887), American chemist and recipient of the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for showing that enzymes are proteins. He was born in Canton, Massachusetts. He died of cancer at age 67 in Buffalo, New York.
1955 ~ Thomas Mann (né Paul Thomas Mann; b. June 6, 1875), German novelist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize for Literature. He died at age 80 in Zurich, Switzerland.
1944 ~ Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (né Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr.; b. July 25, 1915), the oldest son of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. He was a pilot during World War II. He was shot down and was killed 18 days after his 29th birthday. He was born in Hull, Massachusetts.
1935 ~ Friedrich Schottky (né Friedrich Hermann Schottky; b. July 24, 1851), German mathematician. He died 21 days after his 84th birthday in Berlin, Germany.
1933 ~ Martin Lomasney (né Martin Michael Lomasney; b. Dec. 3, 1859), American politician. He was known as the political boss of Boston, West End. He served as a Massachusetts State Senator from 1896 to 1897. He was born and died in Boston, Massachusetts. He died of pneumonia at age 73.
1891 ~ James Russell Lowell (b. Feb. 22, 1819), American poet. He was born and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died at age 72.
1885 ~ Helen Hunt Jackson (née Helen Marie Fiske; b. Oct. 15, 1830), American writer and poet. She was a social activist for Native Americans. She is best known for her novel Ramona, which depicted the Federal government’s mistreatment of Native Americans in the American Southwest. She was born in Amherst, Massachusetts. She died of stomach cancer at age 54 in San Francisco, California.
1865 ~ Sir William Hooker (né William Jackson Hooker; b. July 6, 1785), English botanist. He died at age 80.
1861 ~ Eliphalet Remington (b. Oct. 28, 1793), American inventor and designer of the Remington rifle. He was the founder of the Remington Arms Company. He was born in Suffield, Connecticut. He died at age 67 in Ilion, New York.
1849 ~ Albert Gallatin (né Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin; b. Jan. 29, 1761), Swiss-born 4th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served under Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison from May 1801 until February 1814. He was born in Geneva, Republic of Geneva (current-day Switzerland). He died at age 88 in New York, New York.
1827 ~ William Blake (b. Nov. 28, 1757), English poet. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 69.
1816 ~ Mary Katherine Goddard (b. June 16, 1738), American publisher and postmaster of Baltimore. She was the first to publish the Declaration of Independence with the names of all the signatories. She was born in Connecticut. She died at age 78 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1813 ~ Samuel Osgood (b. Feb. 3, 1747), United States Postmaster General. He was appointed to this position by President George Washington. He served as Postmaster General from September 1789 until August 1791. He was the 4thPostmaster General in the United States, but the 1st to hold this position under the United States Constitution. He was born in Andover, Massachusetts. He died at age 66 in New York, New York.
1689 ~ Pope Innocent XI (né Benedetto Odescalchi; b. May 16, 1611). He was Pope from September 1676 until his death 13 years later. He died at age 78.
1633 ~ Prince Ulrik of Denmark (b. Feb. 2, 1611). He was a Prince-Bishop of Schwerin from 1624 to 1629. He was known as Ulrik III. He never married. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Christian IV, King of Denmark and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg. He was Lutheran. He died at age 22.
1503 ~ Anna Jagiellon (b. Mar. 12, 1476), Duchess of Pomerania through her marriage to Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania. She was his second wife. She was of the House of Jagiellon. She was the fifth daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland and Elizabeth of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 27 either in childbirth or tuberculosis.
1484 ~ Pope Sixtus IV (né Francesco della Rovere, d. July. 21, 1414). He is best known for having had the Sistine Chapel build. He was Pope from August 9, 1471 until his death 13 years later. He died 22 days after his 70th birthday.
1424 ~ Yongle (b. May 2, 1360), 3rd Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled from July 1402 until his death 22 years later. He died at age 64.
1319 ~ Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (b. Feb. 2, 1274). He ruled from February 1294 until 1317. He was known as Rudolf the Stammerer. He was married to Mechtild of Nassau. He was of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the son of Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and Matilda of Habsburg. He died at age 44.
1295 ~ Charles Martel, King of Hungary (b. Sept. 8, 1271). He was the titular King of Hungary and Croatia. He was married to Clemence of Austria. He was the founder of the House of Anjou-Hungary. He was the son of Charles II, King of Naples and Mary of Hungary. He died of the plague less than a month before his 24th birthday.
961 ~ Yaun Zong (b. 916), Chinese emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The exact date of his birth is not known.
875 ~ Louis II (b. 825), Holy Roman Emperor. He is also known as Louis the Younger. He ruled jointly with Lothar I from 844 until 855. He then ruled solo from 855 until his death in 874. He was of the Carolingian Dynasty. He was the son of Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ermengarde of Tours. He was Roman Catholic. The exact date of his birth is not known. He is b elieved to have been about 49 or 50 at the time of his death.
30 BCE ~ Cleopatra VII (b. 69 BCE), traditional date attributed with Cleopatra’s suicide by an asp bite. She is believed to have been about 39 at the time of her death.
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