Birthdays:
1982 ~ Nicki Minaj (née Onika Tanya Maraj), Trinidian rapper and musician. She was born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago.
1969 ~ Kristin Lauter (née Kristin Estella Lauter), American mathematician.
1964 ~ Teri Hatcher (née Teri Lynn Hatcher), American actress. She was born in Palo Alto, California.
1961 ~ Ann Coulter (née Ann Hart Coulter), American conservative media pundit. She was born in New York, New York.
1960 ~ Bill McKibben (né William Ernest McKibben), American environmentalist, journalist and author. He has written extensively about global warming. He was born in Palo Alto, California.
1953 ~ Kim Basinger (née Kimila Ann Basinger), American actress. She was married to Alex Baldwin. She was born in Athens, Georgia.
1951 ~ Bill Bryson (né William McGuire Bryson), American-British author, essayist and travel writer. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa.
1949 ~ Mary Gordon (née Mary Catherine Gordon), American novelist. She is best known for her 1981 novel Company of Women. She was born in Far Rockaway, New York.
1948 ~ Luis Caffarelli (né Luis Angel Caffarelli), Argentine mathematician. He was born in Buenos Aries, Argentina.
1947 ~ Gregg Allman (né Gregg LeNoir Allman; d. May 27, 2017), American musician. One of his 7 wives was Cher. He died of liver cancer at age 69.
1947 ~ Thomas Cech (né Thomas Robert Cech), American chemist and recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in the discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1943 ~ Jim Morrison (né James Douglas Morrison; d. July 3, 1971), American frontman for the band The Doors. He died at age 27.
1936 ~ David Carradine (né John Arthur Carradine, d. June 3, 2009), American actor, best known for his role as Kwai Chang Caine in the TV show, Kung Fu. He died at age 72.
1934 ~ Eloy Gutiérrez-Menoyo (d. Oct. 26, 2012), Cuban ex-revolutionary who was jailed by Castro. He died at age 77. He was born in Madrid, Spain.
1933 ~ Flip Wilson (né Clerow Wilson, Jr.; d. Nov. 25, 1998), American actor and comedian. He died of liver cancer 13 days before his 65th birthday.
1930 ~ Maximilian Schell (d. Feb. 1, 2014), Austrian actor who explored World War II’s legacy. He is best known for his role in Judgment at Nuremberg. He died at age 83.
1930 ~ Sherwin Bernard Nuland (né Shepsel Ber Nudelman; d. Mar. 3, 2014), American surgeon who demystified dying. He wrote extensively about death with dignity. He died of prostate cancer at age 83. He was born in New York, New York.
1929 ~ Gérard de Villiers (d. Oct. 31, 2013), French spy novelist who spun tales from real sources. He died at age 83. He was born in Paris, France.
1927 ~ Dr. Ferdie Pacheco (né Ferando Pacheco, d. Nov. 16, 2017), American physician who stood in Muhammad Ali’s corner. He was known as The Fight Doctor. He died 22 days before his 90th birthday. He was born in Tampa, Florida.
1925 ~ Sammy Davis, Jr. (né Samuel George Davis, Jr.; d. May 16, 1990), American entertainer. He died of throat cancer at age 64.
1922 ~ Lucian Freud (né Lucian Michael Freud, d. July 20, 2011), German-English artist and grandson of Sigmund Freud. He was the painter who put the brutal truth into the modern portrait. He died at age 88.
1919 ~ Julia Robinson (née Julia Hall Bowman; d. July 30, 1985), American mathematician. She died at age 65 of leukemia. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
1908 ~ John A. Volpe (né John Anthony Volpe; d. Nov. 11, 1994), 2nd United States Secretary of Transportation. He served in the Richard Nixon administration from January 1969 until February 1973. He previously served two terms as Governor of Massachusetts; first from January 1961 until January 1963 and second from January 1965 until January 1969. He died less than a month before his 86th birthday.
1894 ~ E.C. Segar (né Elzie Crisier Segar, d. Oct. 13, 1938), American cartoonist and creator of Popeye. He died of leukemia at age 43.
1894 ~ James Thurber (né James Grover Thurber; d. Nov. 2, 1961), American writer and humorist. He died about a month before his 67th birthday.
1886 ~ Diego Rivera (d. Nov. 24, 1957), Mexican painter. He was married to the artist Frida Kahlo. He died 2 weeks before his 71st birthday.
1865 ~ Jean Sibelius (né Johan Julius Christian Sebelius; d. Sept. 20, 1957), Finnish composer best known for his famous work, Finlandia, which was first performed in Helsinki in 1900. He died at age 91.
1865 ~ Jacques Hadamard (né Jacques Salomon Hadamard; d. Oct. 17, 1963), French mathematician. He died at age 97.
1864 ~ Camille Claudel (d. Oct. 19, 1943), French sculptor and illustrator. She died at age 78.
1861 ~ William C. Durant (né William Crapo Durant; d. Mar. 18, 1947), American businessman and co-founder of General Motors and Chevrolet. He also founded Frigidaire. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 85.
1832 ~ Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (né Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson; d. Apr. 26, 1910), Norwegian author and recipient of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was 77 years old.
1818 ~ Prince Charles III of Monaco (né Charles Honoré Grimaldi, d. Sept. 10, 1889), founder of the Monte Carlo casino. He died at age 70.
1813 ~ August Belmont, Sr. (d. Nov. 24, 1890), Prussian-born financier. He served as the 16th United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. He was also a horse breeder. The Belmont Stakes are named in his honor. He died 2 weeks before his 77th birthday.
1795 ~ Peter Andreas Hansen (d. Mar. 28, 1874), Danish astronomer and mathematician. He died at age 78.
1765 ~ Eli Whitney (d. Jan. 8, 1825), American inventor who developed the cotton gin. He was born in Westborough, Massachusetts. He died in New Haven, Connecticut a month after his 59th birthday.
1730 ~ Jan Igenhousz (d. Sept. 7, 1799), Dutch physiologist, biologist and chemist best known for discovering the process of photosynthesis by showing that light is essential to the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. He died at age 86.
1708 ~ Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Aug. 18, 1765). He reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor from September 1745 until his death 20 years later. He was married to Maria Theresa of Austria. He died at age 56.
1542 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (d. Feb. 8, 1587), Queen of Scots. She was Queen from December 1542 until July 1567. She is also known as Mary Stuart. She was the daughter of King James V and was just six days old when she ascended to the throne. In 1558, she married Francis II of France, however, he died 2 years later. She later married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her cousin. They had a son, James. Following the murder of Lord Darnley, Mary married James Hepburn. Mary was forced to abdicate in favor or her son, James. She was executed on suspicion of having been involved in a plot to kill her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. She was 44 at the time of her execution.
65 BCE ~ Horace (d. Nov. 27, 8 BCE), the traditional date ascribed to the birth of this Roman poet. He is believed to have died 11 days before his 57th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2007 ~ An assassination attempt was made on Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan’s only female Prime Minister. She was killed 19 days later.
2004 ~ The Cuzco Declaration was signed in Cuzco, Peru, which established the South American Community of Nations.
1993 ~ The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed into law by President Bill Clinton (b. 1946). It went into effect on January 1, 1994.
1991 ~ Leaders of Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.
1988 ~ Yasser Arafat (1929 ~ 2004) recognized the right of Israel to exist.
1987 ~ The First Intifada began after an Israeli army tank transporter killed four Arabs in a traffic accident at the Erez Crossing on the Israel-Gaza Strip border.
1980 ~ John Lennon (1940 ~ 1980) was murdered by Mark Chapman (b. 1955) in front of his apartment building in New York City.
1955 ~ The Flag of Europe, or European Flag was adopted by the Council of Europe. The flag depicts 12 golden five-pointed stars in a circle on a blue background.
1941 ~ The United States Congress declared war on Japan on the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) gave his speech declaring December 7 to be a “date which will live in infamy.”
1927 ~ The Brookings Institution was founded. It is one of the oldest think tanks in the United States. It was created by Robert S. Brookings (1850 ~ 1932).
1907 ~ King Gustaf V (1858 ~ 1950) of Sweden ascended to the Swedish throne.
1886 ~ The American Federation of Labor was first organized.
1854 ~ Pope Pius IX (1792 ~ 1878) proclaimed the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which considers the Virgin Mary to be free of original sin.
1660 ~ A woman appeared on an English public stage for the first time. The actress, whose name is not known, played the role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s play Othello. Prior to this occurrence, all roles were played by men.
Good-Byes:
2016 ~ John Glenn, Jr. (né John Herschel Glenn, Jr., b. July 18, 1921), American astronaut and politician. He was the first American astronaut to circle the earth in Space. He died at age 95.
2013 ~ Sir John Cornforth (né John Warcup Comforth, Jr.; b. Sept. 7, 1917), Australian chemist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 96.
2001 ~ Betty Holberton (née Frances Elizabeth Snyder; b. Mar. 7, 1917), American engineer and computer programmer. She was one of the original 6 programmers of ENIAC. She also invented breakpoints in computer debugging. She died at age 84.
1992 ~ William Shawn (né William Chon; b. Aug. 31, 1907), American journalist and long-time editor of The New Yorker. He died at age 85.
1983 ~ Slim Pickens (né Louis Burton Lindley, Jr.; b. June 29, 1919), American actor. He is best remembered for his role in Dr. Strangelove. He died following complications of surgery to remove a brain tumor. He was 64 years old.
1980 ~ John Lennon (b. Oct. 9, 1940), British musician and founding member of the Beatles. His son, Sean, was born on his 35th birthday. He was assassinated outside his apartment in New York City by Mark Chapman. He was 40 years old at the time of his death.
1978 ~ Golda Meir (née Golda Mabovitz, aka Golda Meyerson, b. May 3, 1898), 4th Prime Minister of Israel and first woman to hold that position. She was born in Kiev, Russian Empire. As a young child, her family left Russia to avoid the pogroms and moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the 1920s she moved to what is now Israel. In March 1969 she became the 4th Prime Minister of Israel. She resigned following the Yom Kippur War in 1973. She died of lymphoma at age 80.
1955 ~ Hermann Weyl (né Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl; b. Nov. 9, 1885), German mathematician. He died a month after his 70th birthday.
1937 ~ Pavel Florensky (b. Jan. 21, 1882), Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, and mathematician. He was executed at age 55 for alleged crimes against the Stalinist government.
1932 ~ Gertrude Jekyll (b. Nov. 29, 1843), British horticulturist and garden designer. She created over 400 gardens in England, Europe and the United States. She died 9 days after her 89th birthday.
1917 ~ Mendele Movkher Sforim (b. Jan. 2, 1836), Russian-born Jewish writer. He died 25 days before his 81stbirthday.
1907 ~ King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway (b. Jan. 21, 1829). He was king from September 1872 until his death 35 years later. He was married to Sofia of Nassau (1836 ~ 1913). He died at age 78.
1894 ~ Pafnuty Chebyshev (b. May 16, 1821), Russian mathematician. He died at age 73.
1864 ~ George Boole (b. Nov. 2, 1815), English mathematician and philosopher. He died about a month after his 49th birthday.
1793 ~ Madame du Barry (née Jeanne Bécu, Comtesse du Barry, b. Aug. 19, 1743), French courtesan and mistress of King Louis XV of France. She was guillotined during the Reign of Terror during the French revolution. She died at age 50.
1744 ~ Marie Anne de Mailly (b. Oct. 5, 1717), French mistress of King Louis XV of France. She died unexpectedly at age 27.
1632 ~ Philippe van Lansberge (b. Aug. 25, 1561), Dutch mathematician. He died at age 71.
1596 ~ Luis de Carabaja the younger (b. 1537), one of the first Jewish authors in the Americas. He was born in Castile and became a resident of Mexico City. He was killed in an auto-da-fé during the Spanish Inquisition for his Jewish writings. The date of his birth is not known.
1521 ~ Christina of Saxony (b. Dec. 25, 1461), Queen consort of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and wife of John, King of Denmark. She died 17 days before her 60th birthday.
964 ~ Zhou the Elder, Chinese Queen consort of Emperor Li Yu, the third and final ruler of the Southern Tang dynasty. The date of her birth is not known.
855 ~ Drogo of Metz (b. June 17, 801), illegitimate son of Charlemagne. He died at age 54.
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