Birthdays:
1982 ~ Alison Brie (née Alison Brie Schermerhorn), American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie Edison on the television sit-com Community and as Trudy Campbell on the television drama Mad Men. She was born in Hollywood, California.
1972 ~ Jude Law (né David Jude Heyworth Law), English actor. He was born in London, England.
1959 ~ Patricia Clarkson (née Patricia Davies Clarkson), American actress. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
1959 ~ Paula Poundstone, American comedian. She was born in Huntsville, Alabama.
1954 ~ Albrecht Böttcher, German mathematician who specialized in functional analysis. He was born in Oberwiesenthal, Germany.
1952 ~ Gelsey Kirkland, American ballerina and choreographer. She was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
1951 ~ Yvonne Elliman (née Yvonne Marianne Elliman), American singer and songwriter. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1947 ~ Ted Danson (né Edward Bridge Danson, III), American actor. He is best known for his role as Sam Malone on the television sit-com Cheers. He was born in San Diego, California.
1938 ~ Jon Voight (né Jonathan Vincent Voight), American actor and father of Angelina Jolie. He was born in Yonkers, New York.
1936 ~ Mary Tyler Moore (d. Jan. 25, 2017), American sit-com star who defined the modern career woman. She died of cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia. She died 27 days after her 80th birthday.
1923 ~ Sam Sheppard (né Samuel Holmes Sheppard; d. Apr. 6, 1970), American neurosurgeon who, in 1954, was convicted of the brutal murder of his pregnant wife. He was convicted and served nearly 10 years in prison. His case was retried and he was acquitted in 1964. The television series The Fugitive was loosely based on his story. He died at age 46 from liver failure.
1923 ~ Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat, French mathematician and physicist. She is one of the pioneers in the study of General relativity and her work has led to the detection of gravitational waves. She was born in Lille, France.
1917 ~ Tom Bradley (né Thomas J. Bradley; d. Sept. 29, 1998), African-American politician and 38th Mayor of Los Angeles. He served as Mayor from July 1973 until July 1993. He died at age 80.
1911 ~ Klaus Fuchs (né Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs; d. Jan. 28, 1988), German theoretical physicist. In 1950, he was convicted of supplying information from the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. He spent 9 years in prison in Great Britain. After his prison term, he returned to East Germany and continued his career as a physicist. He died a month after his 76th birthday.
1910 ~ Ronald Coase (né Ronald Harry Coase; d. Sept. 2, 2013), British economist and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He was the Nobel winner who reshaped economics. He was 102 at the time of his death.
1876 ~ Pablo Casals (b. Oct. 22, 1973), Spanish cellist and conductor. He died at age 96.
1875 ~Mileva Marić (d. Aug. 4, 1948), Serbian mathematician and physicist. She was a student of Albert Einstein. She was also his first wife. They married in 1903, but divorced 16 years later. She died at age 72.
1859 ~ Venustiano Carranza (né Venustian Carranza Garza; May 21, 1920), 37th President of Mexico. He was President from May 1917 until his assassination at age 60 in May 1920.
1856 ~ Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (d. Dec. 31, 1894), Dutch mathematician. He died 2 days after his 38th birthday.
1809 ~ William Gladstone (né William Ewart Gladstone; d. May 19, 1898), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was one of Britain’s most beloved and respected Prime Ministers. He served several terms as Prime Minister, both during the reign of Queen Victoria. He died at age 88.
1808 ~ Andrew Johnson (d. July 31, 1875), 17th President of the United States. Had served as the 16th Vice President during President Abraham Lincoln’s second term. He took Office following the assassination of Lincoln. He was the first president to be impeached, which was the result of a bitter disagreement between him and Congress over how to treat the South following the Civil War. He died at age 66.
1800 ~ Charles Goodyear (d. July 1, 1869), American chemist and manufacturing engineer. He developed a method for vulcanized rubber. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He died at age 59.
1766 ~ Charles Macintosh (d. July 25, 1843), Scottish chemist and inventor of waterproof fabric, hence the reason raincoats are sometimes referred to as Macintoshes. He died at age 76.
1721 ~ Madame de Pompadour (née Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, d. Apr. 15, 1764), official chief mistress of King Louis XV of France. She died of tuberculosis at age 42.
1709 ~ Elizabeth Petrovna (b. Jan. 5, 1762), Empress of Russia. She was reigned from December 1741 until her death 21 years later. She was succeeded by Peter III. She died 1 week after her 52nd birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2001 ~ A fire at the Mesa Redonda shopping center in Lima, Peru killed nearly 300 people.
1997 ~ Health officials in Hong Kong began to kill the city’s 1.25 million chickens to stop the spread of a potentially deadly strain of influenza virus.
1989 ~ Václav Havel (1936 ~ 2011), the Czech writer, philosopher and dissident, was elected as the first post-communist of the Czechoslovakia. He served in that office from December 1989 until July 1992.
1975 ~ A bomb exploded at LaGuardia Airport in New York City, killing 11 people and injuring over 70 others. The perpetrators have never been identified.
1972 ~ An Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 crashed on its approach to Miami International Airport killing 101 passengers and crew. Seventy-five crew and passengers survived.
1940 ~Germany began dropping incendiary bombs on London during World War II. Over 200 civilians were killed in the bombing and subsequent fires.
1916 ~ James Joyce’s first novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, was first published as a book. It had previously been serialized in a magazine.
1911 ~ Sun Yat-sen (1866 ~ 1925) became the provisional President of the Republic of China. He formally took office on January 1, 1912.
1911 ~ Mongolia gained its independence from the Qing dynasty.
1890 ~ 400 Sioux and Lakota Native Americans were massacred by United States Army troops at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
1851 ~ The first YMCA opened in Boston, Massachusetts.
1845 ~ Texas became the 28th State of the Union.
1835 ~ The Treaty of New Echota was signed, ceding all lands belonging of Cherokee east of the Mississippi River to the United States.
1778 ~ During the American Revolutionary War, British soldiers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell (1739 ~ 1791), captured Savannah, Georgia.
1170 ~ Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1119 ~ 1170) was assassinated inside the Canterbury Cathedral by supporters of King Henry II (1133 ~ 1189).
875 ~ Charles the Bald (823 ~ 877), King of the Franks was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor Charles II.
Good-Byes:
2018 ~ Brian Garfield (né Brian Francis Wynne Garfield; b. Jan. 26, 1939), American novelist who fantasized about a vigilante’s Death Wish. He died 28 days before his 80th birthday.
2009 ~ David Levine (b. Dec. 20, 1926), American caricaturist who skewered his subjects. He died 9 days after his 83rd birthday.
2004 ~ Julius Axelrod (b. May 30, 1912), American biochemist and recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 92.
1986 ~ Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton (né Maurice Harold Macmillan, b. Feb. 10, 1894), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as Prime Minister from January 1957 until October 1963 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II. He died at age 92.
1971 ~ John Marshall Harlan, II (b. May 20, 1899), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Dwight David Eisenhower. He served on the Court from March 1955 until September 1971. His grandfather, John Marshall Harlan, also served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1877 until 1911. He replaced Robert Jackson on the Court. He was succeeded by William Rehnquist. John Harlan II died of spinal cancer at age 72, just 3 months after retiring from the Court.
1960 ~ Eden Phillpotts (né Eden Henry Phillpotts; b. Nov. 4, 1862), English author, poet and dramatist. He was born in Mount Abu, India. He died at age 98 in Devon, England.
1941 ~ Tullio Levi-Civita (b. Mar. 29, 1873), Italian mathematician. He is best known for his work on absolute differential calculus. He died at age 68.
1937 ~ Donald Marquis (né Donald Robert Perry Marquis; b. July 29, 1878), American humorist, journalist and author. He died of a stroke at age 59.
1926 ~ Rainer Marie Rilke (né René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Marie Rilke; b. Dec. 4, 1875), Austrian author. He died of leukemia 25 days after his 51st birthday.
1924 ~ Carl Spitteler (né Carl Friedrich George Spitteler; b. Apr. 24, 1924), Swiss poet and recipient of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 79.
1919 ~ Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet (b. July 12, 1849), Canadian physician and one of the founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was the first physician to bring medical students out of the lecture hall and into the wards for bedside clinical training. He died at age 70.
1894 ~ Christina Rossetti (née Christina Georgina Rossetti; b. Dec. 5, 1830), English poet. She died 24 days after her 64th birthday.
1891 ~ Leopold Kronecker (b. Dec. 7, 1823), Polish-German mathematician. He died 22 days after his 68thbirthday.
1877 ~ Sarah Van Buren (née Sarah Angelica Singleton; b. Feb. 13, 1818), daughter-in-law of President Martin Van Buren. She was married to Abraham Van Buren. She served as First Lady during Martin Van Buren’s Presidency. She died at age 59.
1846 ~ Alexander Barrow (b. Mar. 27, 1801), American lawyer and United States Senator from Louisiana. He died at age 45.
1825 ~ Jacques-Louis David (b. Aug. 30, 1748), French painter. He died at age 77.
1777 ~ William Johnson (d. Aug. 4, 1834), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated by President Thomas Jefferson. He served on the High Court from May 1804 until his death 30 years later. He replaced Alfred Moore on the Court. He was succeeded by James Wayne. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He died at age 62 following jaw surgery in New York City, New York.
1737 ~ Joseph Saurin (b. Sept. 1, 1659), French mathematician and Protestant minister. He died at age 78.
1731 ~ Brook Taylor (b. Aug. 18, 1685), English mathematician. He died at age 46.
1720 ~ Maria Margaretha Kirch (née Maria Margaretha Winkelmann; b. Feb. 25, 1670), German astronomer. She was one of the first famous astronomers of her time due to her writings on the conjunction of the sun with Saturn, Venus and Jupiter. She died at age 50.
1543 ~ Maria Salviati (d. July 17, 1499), Italian noblewoman. She was the mother of Cosimo I de Medici. She died at age 44.
1208 ~ Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (b. Aug. 31, 1168), Chinese Emperor. He was emperor from January 1189 until his death in December 1208. He died at age 40.
1170 ~ Saint Thomas Becket of Canterbury (b. Dec. 21, 1119), Lord Chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury and Christian martyr. Although Becket was appointed archbishop by King Henry II in 1162, conflicts erupted between the two and the King’s knights murdered Becket in the Canterbury Cathedral. He is now an English saint. The exact date of his birth is not known, December 21 is generally considered to be his birthday. He was about 51 at the time of his death.
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