Birthdays:
1969 ~ Adam Riess (né Adam Guy Riess), American astrophysicist and recipient of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Washington, D.C.
1963 ~ Benjamin Bratt, American actor. He is best known for his role as Detective Rey Curtis on the television drama Law & Order. He was born in San Francisco, California.
1955 ~ Carol Browner (née Carol Martha Browner), 8th Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. She served under President Bill Clinton from January 2009 until March 2011. She was born in Miami, Florida.
1943 ~ Steven Bochco (né Steven Ronald Bochco; d. Apr. 1, 2018), American cop show pioneer who shook up television drama. He produces such television shows as Hill Street Blues, L.A. Law and NYPD Blue. He died of leukemia at age 74.
1941 ~ Lesley Stahl (née Lesley Rene Stahl), American journalist. She was born in Lynn, Massachusetts.
1938 ~ Frank Deford (né Benjamin Franklin Deford, III; d. May 28, 2017), American sports journalist and radio commentator. He died at age 78.
1938 ~ Liv Ullmann (née Liv Johanne Ullmann), Norwegian actress. She was born in Tokyo, Japan, where her father was working as an engineer at the time.
1936 ~ Morris Dees (né Morris Seligman Dees, Jr.), American activist and co-founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. He was born in Shorter, Alabama.
1932 ~ Grace Alele-Williams, Nigerian mathematician. She was the first Nigerian woman to earn a doctorate degree.
1928 ~ Philip K. Dick (né Philip Kindred Dick; d. Mar. 2, 1982), American author. He died of a stroke at age 53.
1927 ~ Warren Alder (d. Apr. 15, 2019), American author of The War of the Roses, which explored human dysfunction. He novel was made into a movie of the same name, which starred Michael Douglas and Kathleen Turner. He died at age 91.
1917 ~ Sir Arthur C. Clarke (né Arthur Charles Clark; d. Mar. 19, 2008), British science fiction writer. He is best known for being a co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey. He died at age 90.
1905 ~ Piet Hein (d. Apr. 17, 1996), Danish mathematician. He died at age 90.
1901 ~ Margaret Mead (d. Nov. 15, 1978), American anthropologist. She died a month before her 77th birthday.
1900 ~ Sir V.S. Pritchett (né Victor Sawdon Prichett, d. Mar. 20, 1997), British writer and literary critic. He died of a stroke at age 96.
1899 ~ Sir Noël Coward (né Noël Peirce Coward; d. Mar. 26, 1973), English composer and playwright. He died of heart failure at age 73.
1869 ~ Bertha Lamme Feicht (née Bertha Lamme; d. Nov. 20, 1943), American electrical engineer. She was the first woman to receive a degree from the Ohio State University. She died 26 days before her 74th birthday.
1866 ~ Wassily Kandinsky (d. Dec. 13, 1944), Russian-born French painter and artist who is credited as being the Father of Abstract Painting. He died three days before his 78th birthday.
1863 ~ George Santayana (né Jorge Agustín Nicholás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás; d. Sept. 26, 1952), Spanish-American author and philosopher. He died at age 88.
1804 ~ Viktor Bunyakovsky (d. Dec. 12, 1889), Russian mathematician. He died 4 days before his 86th birthday.
1790 ~ King Leopold I of Belgium (d. Dec. 10, 1865). He was the first king of Belgium. He ruled from July 1831 until his death 34 years later. He died 6 days before his 75th birthday.
1775 ~ Jane Austen (d. July 18, 1817), English novelist. She died at age 41.
1717 ~ Elizabeth Carter (d. Feb. 19, 1806), English poet. She died at age 88.
1630 ~ Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (née Mary Capell; d. Jan. 7, 1715), British noblewoman, botanist and gardener. She died 3 weeks after her 84th birthday.
1534 ~ Hans Bol (d. Nov. 20, 1593), Flemish artist. He died 26 days before his 48th birthday.
1485 ~ Catherine of Aragon (d. Jan. 7, 1536), Queen consort and first wife of Henry VIII of England. Henry’s attempt to have their marriage annulled ultimately led to England’s split from the Catholic Church. Henry defied the Pope and declared supremacy over religious matters, thereby allowing him to terminate his marriage to Catherine. She was the daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. She died 3 weeks after her 50thbirthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2014 ~ Chanukah began at sundown.
2012 ~ A brutal gang rape of a young medical student on a bus in Delhi, India resulted in world-wide outrage. The young woman subsequently died within two weeks after the attack from massive injuries.
2003 ~ President George W. Bush (b. 1946) signed the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 into law. The law established the first national standards for sending commercial e-mail and granted the Federal Trade Commission the authority to enforce its provisions.
1991 ~ Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
1968 ~ During the Second Vatican Council, the Edict of Expulsion of Jews from Spain was officially revoked.
1960 ~ A midair collision between a United Airline plane and a TWA plane near New York’s Idlewild Airport killed over 130 people, including six people on the ground. The crash occurred during a blinding snowstorm.
1944 ~ The Battle of the Bulge began with a surprise offense of three German armies through the Ardennes forest.
1942 ~ Nazi officer Heinrich Himmler (1900 ~ 1945) ordered gypsies and Roma sent to Auschwitz.
1937 ~ Convicted bank robbers Theodore Cole (1913 ~ 1937) and Ralph Roe (1906 ~ 1937) attempted an escape from the federal prison on Alcatraz Island. Both are presumed to have died in the attempt, although their bodies were never recovered.
1920 ~ An 8.5 earthquake, known as the Haiyuan earthquake in Gansu province in China struck killing over 200,000 people.
1913 ~ Charlie Chaplin (1889 ~ 1977) began his film career at Keystone. He earned $150 per week.
1912 ~ The first United States postage stamp bearing a picture of an airplane was issued. The stamp was for parcel post and cost 20 cents.
1903 ~ The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower hotel in Bombay, India opened. In November 2008, the hotel was a target of a terrorist attack. Approximately 450 guests were staying at the Taj Mahal hotel at the time of the attack. Many people were killed and there was considerable damage to the hotel.
1811 ~ The first two in a series of four severe earthquakes hit the area near New Madrid, Missouri.
1773 ~ The Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped crates of British tea into Boston Harbor as a protest against the Tea Act, in what became known at the Boston Tea Party.
1707 ~ The volcanic Mount Fuji in Japan erupted. It has not erupted since this date.
1689 ~ The English Parliament adopted the Bill of Rights after the Glorious Revolution
1653 ~ Oliver Cromwell (1599 ~ 1658) became the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1631 ~ Mt. Vesuvius in Italy erupted, destroying 6 villages and killing over 4,000 people.
1575 ~ Valdivia, Chile was struck by a massive earthquake.
1497 ~ Vasco de Gama (d. 1524) rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
1431 ~ Henry VI of England (1421 ~ 1471) was crowned King of France at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
Good-byes:
2018 ~ Lewis L. Judd (né Lewis Lund Judd; b. Feb. 10, 1930), American psychiatrist who championed brain science. He died at age 88.
2014 ~ Tim Cochran (né Thomas Daniel Cochran; b. Apr. 7, 1955), American mathematician. He died suddenly at age 59.
2009 ~ Roy E. Disney (né Roy Edward Disney; b. Jan. 10, 1930), American businessman and nephew of Walt and Lillian Disney. He died less than a month before his 80th birthday.
2005 ~ John Spencer (né John Speshock, Jr.; b. Dec. 20, 1946), American actor. He died of a heart attack 4 days before his 59th birthday.
1997 ~ Lillian Disney (née Lillian Marie Bounds; b. Feb. 15, 1899), wife of Walt Disney. She died at age 98.
1980 ~ Colonel Harland Sanders (né Harland David Sanders; b. Sept. 9, 1890), American businessman, fast-food entrepreneur, and founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, later renamed KFC. He died at age 90.
1965 ~ W. Somerset Maugham (né William Somerset Maugham; b. Jan. 25, 1874), English writer best known for his novel Of Human Bondage. He died at age 91.
1951 ~ Dorothy Dix (né Elizabeth Meriwether Gilmer; b. Nov. 18, 1861), American journalist. She died in New Orleans, Louisiana a month after her 90th birthday.
1945 ~ Giovanni Agnelli (b. Aug. 13, 1866), Italian businessman and founder of Fiat S.p.A. He died at age 79.
1928 ~ Elinor Wylie (née Elinor Morton Hoyt; b. Sept. 7, 1885), American author and poet. She was born in Somerville, New Jersey. She died of a stroke at age 43.
1922 ~ Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (né Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman; b. Jan. 7, 1958), a Jewish lexicographer who was the driving spirit behind the revival of the Hebrew language in the modern era. He died 3 weeks before his 65thbirthday.
1921 ~ Camille Saint-Saëns (né Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns, b. Oct. 9, 1835), French composer. He died of a heart attack at age 86.
1892 ~ Henry Yesler (d. Dec. 2, 1810), American businessman and politician. He served as the 7th Mayor of Seattle from 1874 until 1875. He died 2 weeks after his 82nd birthday.
1863 ~ John Buford, Jr. (b. Mar. 4, 1826), American Union general who served the United States in the American Civil War. He is best known for his role during the first day of he Battle of Gettysburg. He died of illness, possibly typhus, at age 37.
1859 ~ Wilhelm Grimm (né Wilhelm Carl Grimm; b. Feb. 24, 1786), German writer and folklorist who, along with his brother, Jacob (1785 ~ 1863), collected folk and fairy tales. He died at age 73.
1783 ~ Arima Yoriyuki (b. Dec. 31, 1714), Japanese mathematician. He died 15 days before his 69th birthday.
1672 ~ John II Casimir Vasa (b. Mar. 22, 1609), King of Poland from 1648 until his abdication in 1668. He died at age 63.
1474 ~ Ali Quishji (né Ali al-Din Ali ibn Muhammed, b. 1403), Uzbek astronomer and mathematician. The date of his birth is not known.
1325 ~ Charles, Count of Valois (b. Mar. 12, 1270), French prince and son of King Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. He died at age 55.
1263 ~ King Haakon IV of Norway (b. 1204). He ruled as King of Norway from June 1217 until his death 46 years later. He died at age 59. The date of his death is not known.
999 ~ Adelaide of Italy (b. 931), Holy Roman Empress by her marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been 68 at the time of her death.
882 ~ Pope John VIII. He was Pope from December 872 until his death on December 16, 882. The date of his birth is not known
705 ~ Wu Zetian (b. 624), Empress of the Zhou Dynasty in China. She ruled the Zhou Dynasty from October 690 until her death 15 years later. The date of her birth is not known.
604 ~ Houzhu (b. Dec. 9, 553), last Chinese emperor of the Chen dynasty. He ruled from February 582 until February 589 when his government was overthrown. He died 6 days after his 51st birthday.
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