Birthdays:
1975~ Russell Brand (né Russell Edward Brand), English comedian and actor.
1975~ Angelina Jolie (née Angelina Jolie Voight), American actress.
1971~ Noah Wyle (né Noah Strausse Speer Wyle), American actor.
1936~ Bruce Dern (né Bruce MacLeish Dern), American actor.
1928~ Dr. Ruth Westheimer (née Karola Ruth Siegel), German-American sex therapist and author.
1924~ Dennis Weaver (né William Dennis Weaver; d. Feb. 24, 2006), American actor. He died of cancer at age 81.
1916~ Robert F. Furchgott (né Robert Francis Furchgott; d. May 19, 2009), American biochemist and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died 16 days before his 93rd birthday.
1907~ Rosalind Russell (née Catherine Rosalind Russell; d. Nov. 28, 1976), American actress. She was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. She died of breast cancer at age 69.
1893~ Armand Călinescu (d. Sept 21, 1939), 39th Prime Minister of Romania. He served as Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination on this date six months later. He is believed to have been the real power behind the throne of the dictatorship of King Carol II. He was 46 at the time of his death.
1891~ Leopold Vietoris (d. Apr. 9, 2002), Austrian mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to topology. He died at age 110.
1887~ Tom Longboat (né Thomas Charles Longboat aka Cogwagee; d. Jan. 9, 1949), an Onodaga long distance runner from the Six Nations of the Grand River in Canada. He died of pneumonia at age 61.
1885~ Arturo Rawson (d. Oct. 8, 1952), Provisional President of Argentina and military officer. He served as President for only 2 days, from June 4, 1943 until June 6, 1943. He died of a heart attack at age 67.
1877~ Heinrich Wieland (né Heinrich Otto Weiland; d. Aug. 5, 1957), German biochemist and recipient of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 80.
1867~ Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim (d. Jan. 27, 1951), President of Finland. He served as President from August 1944 until March 1946. He died at age 83.
1809~ Columbus Delano (d. Oct. 23, 1896), 11th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant from November 1870 until September 1875. He was born in Shoreham, Vermont. He died at age 87.
1738~ King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (né George William Frederick, d. Jan. 29, 1820). He ruled from October 25, 1769 until his death 60 years later. He married Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1761. He was of the House of Hanover. He died at age 81.
1697~ Jacob Emden (d. Apr. 19, 1776), German rabbi and Talmudic scholar. He died at age 78.
1394~ Philippa of England (d. Jan. 5, 1430), Queen consort of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (d. Jan. 5, 1430). She was from the House of Lancaster. She was married to Eric, King of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. She died at age 35. Her mother, Mary de Bohun, died giving birth to Philippa.
Events that Changed the World:
2018~ It was anticipated that Cape Town, South Africa would run out of water, thus this was deemed to be Day Zero, and most of the water taps will be turned off.
2012~ The Diamond Jubilee Concert was held outside Buckingham Palace in honor of Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee celebration of serving 60 years on the throne.
1989~ Ali Khamenei (b. 1939) was elected as the new Supreme Leader of Iran following the death of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902 ~ 1989).
1989~ The Tiananmen Square protest ended violently in Beijing by the People’s Liberation Army. The Chinese army stormed Beijing's Tiananmen Square in a thwarted effort to crush the pro-democracy movement. Over 240 individuals were killed in the protest.
1964~ The Beatles began their World Tour in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1943~ Argentine President Ramón Castillo (1873 ~ 1944) was ousted in a military coup .
1942~ The Battle of Midway in World War II began.
1939~ The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, was denied permission to land in Florida. The ship was forced to return to Europe and more than 200 of its passengers were murdered in the Nazi concentration camps.
1919~ The United States Congress approved the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women. It was then sent to the States for ratification.
1917~ The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded. Laura E. Richards (1850 ~ 1943), Maude H. Elliot (1854 ~ 1948), and Florence Hall (1845 ~ 1922) received the first Pulitzer for their biography Julia Ward Howe. Jean Jules Jusserand (1855 ~ 1832) received the first history Pulitzer for With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope (1882 ~ 1958) received the first journalism Pulitzer for his work in the New York World.
1917~ The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded. The Prize is an award for achievement in journalism, literature, and musical composition. Joseph Pulitzer established the award in his will.
1912~ Massachusetts became the first state to set a minimum wage for workers.
1855~ The United States Department of the Army sent Major Henry Wayne (1815 ~ 1883) to the Middle East to procure camels for the US Camel Corps. The camel experiment was not successful and the project was abandoned within 10 years.
1812~ Because Louisiana had been admitted into the Union, the area of land that had been called the Louisiana territory was renamed the Missouri territory.
1792~ Captain George Vancouver (1757 ~ 1798) claimed the Puget Sound for the Great Britain.
1760~ New England planters arrived in Nova Scotia, Canada to claim land taken from the Acadians.
1562~ The steeple of St. Paul’s cathedral of London was destroyed in a lightening fire. It was never rebuilt.
1411~ French King Charles VI (1368 ~ 1422) granted a monopoly to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon for the ripening process of Roquefort Cheese.
Good-Byes:
2015~ Leonid Plyushch (b. Apr. 26, 1938), Ukrainian mathematician and Soviet dissident. He died at age 77.
2014~ Don Zimmer (né Donald William Zimmer; b. Jan. 17, 1931), American infielder, manager, and longtime coach of the Boston Red Sox. He was the journeyman who became the face of baseball. He died at age 83.
2014~ Chester Nez (b. Jan. 23, 1921), the Navajo warrior who baffled the Japanese. He was the last of the original World War II Navajo code-talkers. He served in the United States Marine Corps. He died of kidney failure at age 93.
2011~ Lawrence Eagleburger (né Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger, b. Aug. 1, 1930), 62nd United States Secretary of State. He served under President George H.W. Bush from December 1992 until January 1993. He was a career diplomat beloved for his bluntness. He died at age 80.
2010~ John Wooden (né John Robert Wooden; b. Oct. 14, 1910), American basketball player and head coach at the University of California, Los Angeles. He died at age 99.
2002~ Fernando Belaúnde Terry (b. Oct. 7, 1912), President of Peru. He served two non-consecutive terms, first from July 1963 until October 1968, and second from July 1980 until July 1985. He died at age 89.
1989~ Dik Browne (né Richard Arthur Allan Browne; b. Aug. 11, 1917), American cartoonist. He created such cartoons as Hägar the Horrible and Hi and Lois. He died of cancer at age 71.
1973~ Maurice Fréchet (né Maurice René Fréchet; b. Sept. 2, 1878), French mathematician. He died at age 94.
1968~ Dorothy Gish (née Dorothy Elizabeth Gish; b. Mar. 11, 1898), American silent screen actress. She died at age 70 of pneumonia.
1941~ Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (b. Jan. 27, 1859). He was the grandson of British Queen Victoria. He had abdicated the throne in 1918 and fled to the Netherlands where he lived until his death at age 82.
1929~ Harry Frazee (né Harry Herbert Frazee; b. June 29, 1880), American theatrical agent and former owner of the Boston Red Sox from 1916 to 1923. He is best known for being responsible for selling Babe Ruth to the rival team, the New York Yankees. He died of kidney failure 25 days before his 49th birthday.
1923~ Alexander Milne Calder (b. Aug. 23, 1846), Scottish-born American sculptor. He died at age 76. He was the father and grandfather of Alexander Stirling Calder and Sandy Calder, respectively, both of whom were also famous sculptors.
1918~ Charles W. Fairbanks (né Charles Warren Fairbanks; b. May 11, 1852), 26th United States Vice-President. He served under President Theodore Roosevelt from March 1905 until March 1909. He died of nephritis less than a month after his 66th birthday.
1887~ William A. Wheeler (né William Almon Wheeler, b. June 30, 1819), 19th Vice President of the United States. He served under President Rutherford B. Hayes from March 1877 until March 1881. He was a graduate of the University of Vermont. He died 26 days before his 68th birthday.
1801~ Frederick Mulhenberg (né Frederick Augustus Conrad Mulhenberg; b. Jan. 1, 1750), American minister and politician. He was a United States Representative from Pennsylvania. He was the 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He served in that position from April 1789 until March 1791. He subsequently served as the 3rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from December 1793 until March 1795. He died at age 51.
1798~ Giacomo Casanova (b. Apr. 2, 1725), Italian adventurer and womanizer. He died at age 73 years old.
1394~ Mary de Bohun (d. 1369), English wife of King Henry IV of England. She died before Henry ascended to the throne. She died in childbirth at age 25 or 26. She was the mother of Philippa, Queen of Denmark.
1135~ Huizong of Song (b. June 7, 1082), 8th Chinese emperor of the Song Dynasty. He died 3 days before his 53rd birthday.
1134~ Magnus I of Sweden (d. 1106). The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been 27 or 28 at the time of his death.
1039~ Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 990). He served as the Holy Roman Emperor from March 1027 until his death at age 49 on this date 12 years later, however, the exact date of his birth is unknown.
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