Birthdays:
1979~ Mindy Kaling (née Vera Mindy Chokalingam), American actress.
1961~ Rebecca Solnit, American writer.
1953~ William E. Moerner (né William Esco Moerner), American chemist and physicist. He was the recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
1947~ Peter Weller (né Peter Francis Weller), American actor.
1946~ Ellison Onizuka (né Ellison Shoji Onizuka; d. Jan. 28, 1986), American astronaut who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. He was 39 years old.
1946~ Robert Reich (né Robert Bernard Reich), 22nd United States Secretary of Labor. He served from January 1993 until January 1997 under President Bill Clinton.
1945~ George Pataki (né George Elmer Pataki), Governor of New York State. He was Governor from January 1995 through December 2006.
1942~ Michele Lee (née Michele Lee Dusick), American actress and singer.
1942~ Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile. He served as President from March 1994 until March 2000.
1930~ Claude Chabrol (né Claude Henri Jean Chabrol; d. Sept. 12, 2010), French film director who mocked France’s bourgeoisie. His 1958 film, Le Beau Serge, inaugurated the New Wave of French cinema. He died at age 80.
1929~ Caroline S. Shoemaker (née Caroline Jean Spellman), American astronomer. She is best known for being a co-discoverer of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.
1927~ Martin Lewis Perl (d. Sept. 30, 2014), American physicist and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery of the Tau Lepton. He died of a heart attack at age 87.
1927~ James B. Edwards (né James Burrows Edwards; d. Dec. 26, 2014), 3rdUnited States Secretary of Energy. He served from January 1981 until November 1982 under President Ronald Reagan. He had previously served as the 110th Governor of South Carolina from January 1975 until January 1979. He died of complications of a stroke at age 87.
1916~ John Ciardi (né John Anthony Ciardi; d. Mar. 30, 1986), American poet. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 69.
1916~ William B. Saxbe (né William Bart Saxbe; d. Aug. 24, 2010), 70th United States Attorney General. He served from January 1974 until February 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He died at age 94.
1909~ William Penney, Baron Penney (néWilliam George Penney, d. Mar. 3, 1991), English mathematician. He died at age 81.
1901~ Chuck Taylor (né Charles Hollis Taylor, d. June 23, 1969), American basketball player and salesman. He is best known for his association with the Chuck Taylor All-Star sneakers. He died one day before his 75th birthday.
1900~ Wilhelm Cauer (d. Apr. 22, 1945), German mathematician. He was killed at age 44 by Soviet soldiers during the fall of Berlin in 1945.
1895~ Jack Dempsey (né William Harrison Dempsey, d. May 31, 1983), American boxer. He died 24 days before his 88th birthday.
1893~ Roy O. Disney (né Roy Oliver Disney, d. Dec. 20, 1971), American businessman. Together with his brother, Walt Disney, they created the Walt Disney Company. He died of a brain seizure at age 78.
1883~ Victor Franz Hess (d. Dec. 17, 1964), Austrian-American physicist and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of cosmic rays. He died at age 81.
1880~ Oswald Veblen (d. Aug. 10, 1960), American mathematician. He died in Brooklin, Maine at age 80.
1869~ Caroline Ellen Furness (d. Feb. 9, 1936), American astronomer. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy from Columbia University. She died at age 66.
1854~ Eleanor Norcross (née Ella Augusta Norcross; d. Oct. 19, 1923), American painter. She was born and died in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. She died at age 69.
1852~ Friedrich Loeffler (d. Apr. 9, 1915), German bacteriologist. He died at age 62.
1842~ Ambrose Bierce, American author (néAmbrose Gwinnet Bierce; disappeared around 1914). In 1913, he traveled to Mexico to report on the Mexican Revolution. He was never seen again and disappeared sometime in 1914 when he is believed to have died. He was 71 or 72 at the time when his death was acknowledged.
1839~ Gustavus Swift, Sr. (né Gustavus Franklin Swift; d. Mar. 29, 1903), American businessman and founder of the Swift meat-packing company. He was born in Sagamore, Massachusetts. He died at age 63.
1813~ Henry Ward Beecher (d. Mar. 8, 1887), American clergyman and social reformer. He was a strong abolitionist prior to the American Civil War. He died following a stroke at age 73.
1811~ John Campbell (né John Archibald Campbell; d. Mar. 12, 1889), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Franklin Pierce. He replaced John McKinley on the Court. He served on the Court from March 1853 until April 1861. He was a Southerner and opposed Reconstruction following the American Civil War. He died at age 77.
1784~ Juan Antonio Lavalleja (d. Oct. 22, 1853), Uruguayan general and President of Uruguay. He is best remembered as a rebel who led the fight against Brazil. He died at age 68.
1771~ Éleuthère Irénée du Pont (d. Oct. 31, 1834), French businessman who founded a gunpowder company in 1802. His company was the forerunner of today’s DuPont chemical company. He died at age 63.
1314~ Philippa of Hainault (d. Aug. 15, 1369), Queen of Edward III of England. She died at age 55.
1242~ Beatrice of England (d. Mar. 24, 1275). She was the daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. She died at age 32.
Events that Changed the World:
2012~ The last known tortoise of the Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii, a subspecies of the Galápagos tortoise died, making the species extinct. The tortoise had been named Lonesome George.
2011~ New York State became the sixth state to allow same-sex marriages.
2010~ Julia Gillard (b. 1961) became the first female Prime Minister of Australia. She served in that Office until June 2013.
2004~ In New York State, capital punishment was declared unconstitutional.
1973~ In New Orleans, the UpStairs Lounge, gay bar in the French Quarter, was set afire. Thirty-two people were killed as a result of the fire or smoke inhalation. No convictions were ever made and in 1980, the State Fire Marshal’s Office declared the case closed.
1957~ In the case of Roth v. United States, the United States Supreme Court ruled that obscenity is not protected speech under First Amendment. Justice William Brennan drafted the decision.
1939~ The country of Siam was renamed Thailand by Plaek Pibulsonggram (1897 ~ 1964), the country’s third prime minister.
1916~ Mary Pickford (1892 ~ 1979) became the first female film star to sign a million dollar contract.
1604~ Samuel de Champlain (1574 ~ 1635) discovered the mouth of the St. John River, where the Reversing Falls is located.
1509~ Henry VIII (1491 ~ 1547) and Catherine of Aragon (1485 ~ 1536) were crowned King and Queen of England.
1497~ John Cabot (1450 ~ 1500) landed in North America in what is now Newfoundland, leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.
Good-byes:
2015~ Susan Ahn Cuddy (née Susan Ahn; b. Jan. 16, 1915), American naval officer. She was the first Asian-American woman to join the United States Navy. She was also the first female gunnery officer in Navy. She was the daughter of Ahn Chang-ho and Helen Ahn, the first married Korean couple to emigrated to the United States. She retired from the Navy as a lieutenant. She died at age 100.
2014~ Eli Wallach (né Eli Herschel Wallach; b. Dec. 7, 1915), American actor. He died at age 98.
2013~ Mauro Francaviglia (b. June 22, 1953), Italian mathematician. He died 2 days after his 60th birthday.
2012~ Gu Chaohao (b. May 15, 1926), Chinese mathematician. He died at age 86.
2008~ Gerhard Ringel (b. Oct. 28, 1919), Austrian mathematician. He died at age 88.
2008~ Leonid Hurwicz (b. Aug. 21, 1917), Russian-born Polish mathematician and economist. At age 90, he was the oldest recipient of a Nobel Prize when he was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. He died at age 90.
2005~ Paul Winchell (né Paul Wilchinksy; b. Dec. 21, 1922), American ventriloquist who was the voice of Jerry Mahoney and Tigger. He died at age 82.
2005~ Yedidia Shofet (b. Nov. 14, 1908), Chief Rabbi of Iran. Following the 1979 Iranian revolution, he moved to California. He died at age 96.
1997~ Brian Keith (né Robert Alba Keith; b. Nov. 14, 1921), American actor. He is best known for his role as Uncle Bill on the television sit-com Family Affair. He died by suicide at age 75.
1991~ Sumner Locke Elliott (b. Oct. 17, 1917), Australian-born novelist, whose autobiographical novel was Careful, He Might Hear You. He died of cancer at age 73.
1987~ Jackie Gleason (né John Herbert Gleason; b. Feb. 26, 1916), American actor and musician. He died of cancer at age 71.
1972~ R.F. Delderfield (né Ronald Frederick Derldefield; b. Feb. 12, 1912), English author. He is best known for his novel God is an Englishman. He died of lung cancer at age 60.
1935~ Carlos Gardel (né Charles Romuald Gardès; b. Dec. 11, 1890), French-Argentine tango singer and dancer. He was killed in a plane crash at age 44.
1909~ Sarah Orne Jewett (née Theodora Sarah Orne Jewett; b. Sept. 3, 1849), American writer, whose work centered around the State of Maine. She was born and died in South Berwick, Maine. She died of a stroke at age 59.
1908~ Grover Cleveland (né Stephen Grover Cleveland; b. Mar. 18, 1837), the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. He is the only American President to have served two non-consecutive terms as President. He served his first term from March 1885 until March 1889, and his second term from March 1893 until March 1897. Before becoming President, he was the Governor of New York, from January 1883 until January 1885. He married the 21-year old Francis Folsom while in Office as President. He died of a heart attack at age 71.
1880~ Jules Antoine Lissajous (b. Mar. 4, 1822), French mathematician. He died at age 58.
1815~ Charles Lee (b. 1758), 3rd United States Attorney General. He served from December 1795 until February 1801 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. The exact date of his birth is unknown but he is believed to be about 56 or 57 at the time of his death.
1803~ Matthew Thornton (b. Mar. 17, 1713), Irish-born early American founder. He is best known for being a signed of the Declaration of Independence. He ultimately settled in New Hampshire. He died at age 90.
1768~ Marie Leszczyńska (b. June 23, 1703), Queen consort of France and Polish wife of King Louis XV of France. She died 1 day after her 65th birthday.
1519~ Lucrezia Borgia (b. Apr. 18, 1480), Florentine ruler and illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI. She died at age 39 following complications of childbirth.
1398~ Hongwu (b. Oct. 21, 1328), Chinese founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He died at age 69.
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