Birthdays:
1974~ Joel Edgerton, Australian actor.
1957~ Frances McDormand (née Cynthia Ann Smith), American actress.
1948~ Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President George H.W. Bush. His confirmation hearings were controversial, because he had been accused of sexual harassment. The all male hearing committee, however, refused to allow witnesses testify to support the accusations. Thomas replaced Thurgood Marshall on the Court. He assumed office in October 1991.
1946~ Ted Shackelford (né Theodore Tillman Shackelford, III), American actor.
1941~ Ivor Grattan-Guinness (né Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness; d. Dec. 12, 2014), British historian of mathematics. He died at age 73.
1940~ Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe (né Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe; d. Apr. 10, 1962), Scottish bass player who was briefly with the Beatles. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 21.
1940~ Wilma Rudolph (née Wilma Glodean Rudolph; d. Nov. 12, 1994), American runner. She died at age 54 of cancer.
1937~ Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland and recipient of the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize. He served as President from March 1994 through February 2000.
1936~ Richard Bach (né Richard David Bach), American novelist and essayist. He is best known for his 1970 book, Jonathan Livingston Seagull.
1929~ June Carter Cash (née Valerie June Carter; d. May 15, 2003), American country singer and wife of Johnny Cash. She died at age 73 of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery.
1927~ Bob Fosse (né Robert Louis Fosse; d. Sept. 23, 1987), American choreographer. He died of a heart attack at age 60.
1925~ Art Modell (néArthur Bertram Modell; d. Sept. 6, 2012), American NFL owner of the Cleveland Browns that the people of Cleveland loved to hate. He died at age 87.
1923~ Anna Chennault (née Chan Sheng Mai; d. Mar. 30, 2018), Chinese-born power broker who schemed with Richard Nixon. She was actually born in 1923, but her birthday is reported as being on June 12, 1925. She married American General Claire Chennault in 1947. He was 30 years her senior and died in 1958. She was a prominent Republican member of the China Lobby. In 1968, she sent word to South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu that if he boycotted the planned peace talks with North Vietnam, he would secure the full support of President Nixon. She died at age 94.
1913~ William P. Rogers (néWilliam Pierce Rogers; d. Jan. 2, 2001), 63rd United States Attorney General. He served under President Dwight David Eisenhower from October 1957 until January 1961. He also served as the 55th Secretary of State from January 1969 until September 1973 during the President Richard Nixon administration. He died at age 87.
1912~ Alan Turing (né Alan Mathison Turing; d. June 7, 1954), British mathematician and computer scientist. He was the subject of the 2014 movie The Imitation Game. He died by suicide after consuming a cyanide-laced apple 16 days before his 42nd birthday.
1907~ James Meade (né James Edward Meade; d. Dec. 22, 1995), British economist and recipient of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. He died at age 88.
1900~ Blanche Noyes (née Blanche Wilcox; d. Oct. 6, 1981), American aviator. She was one of the first 10 women to receive a transport aviation license. She died at age 81.
1894~ Alfred Kinsey (né Alfred Charles Kinsey; d. Aug. 25, 1956), American biologist and sexologist. He founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University. He died at age 62
1894~ Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (né Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; d. May 28, 1972). He abdicated the throne to marry American divorcée, Wallis Simpson, and then became known as the Duke of Windsor. He died less than a month before his 78th birthday.
1763~ Joséphine de Beauharnais (d. May 29, 1814), first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte. They divorced because there were no children of the marriage. She died 24 days before her 51st birthday.
1703~ Marie Leszczyńska (d. June 24, 1768), Queen consort of France and Polish wife of King Louis XV of France. She died 1 day after her 65th birthday.
1612~ André Tacquet (d. Dec. 22, 1660), Flemish mathematician. He died at age 48.
1456~ Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (d. July 14, 1486), wife of King James III of Scotland. She died of an illness 3 weeks after her 30th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2016~ The United Kingdom held a referendum on whether or not to maintain membership in the European Union. The vote was in favor to leave the EU. This is known as the Brexit. No agreement would be reached, leading to the ultimate resignation of Prime Minister Theresa May in 2019.
2013~ Nikolas Wallenda (b. 1979) became the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a high wire. Why?
2001~ An 8.4 magnitude earthquake struck southern Peru. The tsunami that followed killed at least 74 people and injured over 2,500 others.
1972~Title IX of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended to prohibit sexual discrimination to any educational program receiving federal funding.
1969~ Warren E. Burger (1907 ~ 1995) was sworn in as the 15th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He replaced Chief Justice Earl Warren (1891 ~ 1974), who retired. Burger had been appointed to the High Court by President Richard Nixon (1913 ~ 1994). He served in that Office until September 1986.
1960~ The United States Food and Drug Administration authorized Envoid to be the first officially approved combined oral contraceptive pill.
1958~ The Dutch Reformed Church admitted women ministers.
1956~ Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918 ~ 1970) was elected the president of the Republic of Egypt.
1926~ The College Board administered the first SAT examination.
1917~ In a baseball game between the Boston Red Sox and the Washington Senators, Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore (1891 ~ 1980) retired 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth (1895 ~ 1948). Ruth had been ejected from the game for punching an umpire.
1894~ The International Olympic Committee was founded in Paris.
1868~ Christopher Sholes (1819 ~ 1890) received a patent for the Typewriter.
1860~ The United States Congress established the Government Printing Office.
1810~ John Jacob Astor (1763 ~ 1848) formed the Pacific Fur Company.
1794~ Empress Catherine II of Russia (1729 ~ 1796) granted Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
1713~ The French residents of Acadia in Nova Scotia, Canada were given one year to give their allegiance to Britain or to leave the territory. Ultimately, many decided to leave and relocated in what is now Southern Louisiana. The descendants are known as Cajuns.
1611~ The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson (1565 ~1611), sent Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now the Hudson Bay. They were never heard from again.
Good-Byes:
2018~ Donald Hall (né Donald Andrew Hall, Jr.; b. Sept. 20, 1928), American poet laureate who wrote of love, death and rural life. He died at age 89 in Wilmot, New Hampshire.
2015~ Dick Van Patten (né Richard Vincent Van Patten; b. Dec. 9, 1928), American actor. He is best known for his role as the father on the television drama Eight is Enough. He died of complications of diabetes at age 86.
2013~ Frank Kelso (né Frank Benton Kelso, III; b. July 11, 1933), United States Secretary of the Navy. He died 18 days before his 80th birthday.
2013~ Bobby Blue Bland (né Robert Calvin Brooks; b. Jan. 27, 1930), African-American blues singer who was as smooth as Sinatra. He developed a sound that mixed with gospel and R&B. He died at age 83.
2013~ Kurt Leichtweiss (b. Mar. 2, 1927), German mathematician. He specialized in differential geometry. He died at age 86.
2011~ Peter Falk (né Peter Michael Falk; b. Sept. 16, 1927), American actor, best known for his role as the title character in the TV series Columbo. He died at age 83.
2009~ Ed McMahon (né Edward Leo Peter McMahon, Jr.; b. Mar. 6, 1923), American television personality who was the guffawing announcer who was Johnny Carson’s second banana. He died at age 86.
2006~ Aaron Spelling (b. Apr. 22, 1923), American television producer. He died of a stroke at age 83.
2005~ Shana Alexander (née Shana Ager; b. Oct. 6, 1926), American journalist who became a fixture on 60 Minutes. She died at age 79.
1998~ Maureen O’Sullivan (née Maureen Paula O’Sullivan; b. May 17, 1911), Irish-American actress. She died at age 87.
1997~ Betty Shabazz (née Betty Dean Sanders; b. May 28, 1934), wife of Malcolm X. She died a month after her 63rd birthday from burns caused when her grandson set fire to her apartment.
1996~ Andreas Papandreou (b. Feb. 5, 1919), Prime Minister of Greece. He died at age 77.
1995~ Jonas Salk (néJonas Edward Salk; b. Oct. 28, 1914), American biologist and physician. He was best known for his discovery and development of a polio vaccine. He died at age 80.
1980~ Sanjay Gandhi (b. Dec. 14, 1946), Indian politician and son of Indira Gandhi. He was killed in a private airplane crash at age 33.
1976~ Chuck Taylor (né Charles Hollis Taylor; b. June 24, 1901), American basketball player and salesman. He is best known for his association with the Chuck Taylor All-Star sneakers. He died one day before his 75th birthday.
1976~ Imogen Cunningham (b. Apr. 12, 1883), American photographer. She is best known for here botanical photographs and nudes. She died at age 93.
1707~ John Mill (b. 1645), English theologian. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 61 or 62 at the time of his death.
1356~ Margaret II (b. 1311), Holy Roman Empress. She was the second wife of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 47 or 48 at the time of her death.
79~ Vespasian (b. Nov. 17, 9), Roman emperor. This is the traditional date ascribed to his birth and death. He was 69 at the time of his death.
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