Birthdays:
1988 ~ Emma Stone (née Emily Jean Stone), American actress. She was born in Scottsdale, Arizona.
1976 ~ Pat Tillman (né Patrick Daniel Tillman; d. Apr. 22, 2004), American football player and soldier. He was born in Fremont, California. He was killed at age 27 by friendly fire in Afghanistan.
1970 ~ Ethan Hawke (né Ethan Green Hawke), American actor. He was born in Austin, Texas.
1967 ~ Rebecca Schaeffer (née Rebecca Lucile Schaeffer; d. July 18, 1988), American actress who was murdered by a deranged fan at age 21. She was born in Eugene, Oregon. She died in West Hollywood, California.
1964 ~ Arne Duncan (né Arne Starkey Duncan), 9th Secretary of Education of the United States. He served under President Barak Obama. He served in that position from January 2009 through December 2015. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1955 ~ Maria Shriver (née Maria Owings Shriver), American journalist and member of the Kennedy clan. She was married Arnold Schwarzenegger from 1986 until 2017. She was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1952 ~ Michael Cunningham, American writer and screenwriter. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1950 ~ Amir Aczel (né Amir Dan Aczel; d. Nov. 26, 2015), Israeli mathematics historian. He was born in Haifa, Israel. He died of cancer 20 days after his 65th birthday in Nîmes, France.
1949 ~ Joseph C. Wilson (né Joseph Charles Wilson, IV; d. Sept. 27, 2019), American ex-diplomat who questioned Iraq War intel. He was best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigated claims that Iraq’s Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium. He concluded that there was no evidence to support this claim. President George W. Bush, however, believed otherwise. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He died at age 69 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
1948 ~ Glenn Frye (né Glenn Lewis Frye; d. Jan. 18, 2016), American songsmith who made the band, the Eagles, superstars. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died of complications of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia at age 67 in Manhattan, New York.
1946 ~ Sally Field (née Sally Margaret Field), American actress. She was born in Pasadena, California.
1941 ~ Guy Clark (né Guy Charles Clark; d. May 17, 2016). American folk singer-songwriter. He was the Texas troubadour who wrote L.A. Freeway. He was born in Monahans, Texas. He died of lymphoma at age 74 in Nashville, Tennessee.
1939 ~ Michael Schwerner (né Michael Henry Schwerner; d. June 21, 1964), American civil rights activist who was murdered during Freedom Summer. He was murdered at age 24 in Neshoba County, Mississippi.
1936 ~ Roger Welsch (né Roger Lee Welsch; d. Sept. 30, 2022), American humorist who spun tales of the heartland. He was a senior correspondent on CBS News Sunday Morning in a segment called Postcards from Nebraska. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He died of kidney failure at age 85 in Danneborg, Nebraska.
1932 ~ Eugene Peterson (né Eugene Hoiland Peterson; d. Oct. 22, 2018), American Presbyterian theologian, scholar, and author. He was born in Stanwood Washington. He died 15 days before his 86th birthday in Lakeside, Montana.
1932 ~ Mercedes Barcha (d. Aug. 15, 2020), Columbian-born muse and manager who inspired Gabriel Garcia Márquez. They married in 1958. She was born in Magangué, Columbia. She died in Mexico City, Mexico at age 87.
1932 ~ François Englert (né François Baron Englert), Belgian theoretical physicist and recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Etterbeek, Belgium.
1931 ~ Mike Nichols (né Igor Mikhail Peschkowsky; d. Nov. 19, 2014), German-born American film and theater director. He is one of a small group of people who can claim the EGOT, having won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Award. He was the director who was able to conquer Broadway. His fourth wife was Diane Sawyer. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died of a heart attack two weeks after his 83rd birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1927 ~ Herald Price Fahringer (d. Feb. 12, 2015), American teetotaling attorney who defended famous pornographers. He was born in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He died at age 87 in Manhattan, New York.
1926 ~ Zig Ziglar (né Hilary Hinton Ziglar; d. Nov. 28, 2012), American author and motivational speaker. He was born in Coffee County, Alabama. He died 22 days after his 86th birthday in Plano, Texas.
1924 ~ Robert B. Choate (né Robert Burnett Choate, Jr.; d. May 3, 2009), American businessman and “citizen lobbyist” for consumer protection in the cereal industry. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 84 in Lemon Grove, California.
1916 ~ Ray Conniff (né Joseph Raymond Conniff; d. Oct. 12, 2002), American composer and conductor. He was born in Attleboro, Massachusetts. He died 25 days before his 86th birthday in Escondido, California.
1913 ~ Bernice Tannenbaum (d. Apr. 6, 2015), President of Hadassah from 1976 to 1980. While she was president, she began the practice of periodically holding the annual conference in Israel. She joined Hadassah in 1944. She was born in New York, New York. She was 101 years old at the time of her death.
1900 ~ Ida Lou Anderson (d. Sept. 16, 1941), American radio broadcaster and professor. She was a pioneer in radio broadcasting. She was born in Morganton, Tennessee. She died at age 40 of complications of polio.
1894 ~ Opal Kunz (né Opal Logan Gilberson; d. May 15, 1967), American aviator and chief organizer of the Betsy Ross Air Corps, an organization of pre-World War II female pilots. She was born in Missouri. She died at age 72 in Auburn, California.
1893 ~ Edsel Ford (né Edsel Bryant Ford; d. May 26, 1943), American businessman. He was the son of Henry Ford. The car named after him was introduced in 1957, many years after his death. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died of stomach cancer at age 49 in Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan.
1892 ~ Harold Ross (né Harold Wallace Ross; d. Dec. 6, 1951), American journalist and co-founder of The New Yorkermagazine. He was born in Aspen, Colorado. He died a during surgery month after his 59th birthday in Boston, Massachusetts.
1886 ~ Ida Barney (d. Mar. 7, 1982), American mathematician and astronomer. She is best known for her 22 volumes of astrometric measurements on over 150,000 stars. She was born and died in New Haven, Connecticut. She died at age 95.
1880 ~ Robert Musil (d. Apr. 15, 1942), Austrian philosophical author and novelist. He was born in Klagenfurt, Austria. He died of a stroke at age 61 in Geneva, Switzerland.
1880 ~ Yoshisuke Aikawa (d. Feb. 13, 1967), Japanese entrepreneur and founder of the Nissan Motor Company. He died at age 86 in Tokyo, Japan.
1861 ~ James Naismith (d. Nov. 28, 1939), Canadian-American physician. He is credited with inventing the game of modern basketball. He was born in Almonte, Ontario, Canada. He died 22 days after his 78th birthday in Lawrence, Kansas.
1854 ~ John Philip Sousa (d. Mar. 6, 1932), American conductor and composer, known as The March King. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died of heart failure at age 77 in Reading, Pennsylvania.
1851 ~ Charles Dow (né Charles Henry Dow; d. Dec. 4, 1902), American journalist who, along with Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser, founded the Dow Jones & Company. He was also the founder of the Wall Street Journal. He was born in Sterling, Connecticut. He died less than a month after his 51st birthday in Brooklyn, New York.
1814 ~ Antoine-Joseph Sax (d. Feb. 7, 1894), Belgian musician and inventor of the saxophone. He was born in Dinant, Belgium. He died at age 79 in Paris, France.
1771 ~ Alois Senefelder (né Johann Alois Senefelder; d. Feb. 26, 1834), Czech inventor of the lithography printing process. He was born in Prague, Czechia. He died at age 62 in Munich, Germany.
1661 ~ Charles II, King of Spain (d. Nov. 1, 1700). He reigned as King from September 1665 until his death in 1700. He was married twice. His first wife was Marie Louise d’Orléans. They married in 1679. She died in 1689. His second wife was Maria Anna Newburg. They married in 1689. He was of the House of Habsburg and was the last Habsburg ruler under the Spanish Empire. He was the son of Philip IV, King of Spain and Mariana of Austria. He was Roman Catholic. He died 5 days of an illness before his 39th birthday.
1550 ~ Karin Månsdotter (d. Sept. 13, 1612), Queen consort of Sweden and wife of Eric XIV, King of Sweden. She was his mistress before they married. She died at age 61.
1494 ~ Suleiman the Magnificant, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. Sept. 6, 1566). He ruled over the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566. He died at age 71.
1479 ~ Joanna of Castile (d. Apr. 12, 1555), Queen of Castile and Queen of Aragon, which ultimately were united to become modern Spain. She inherited the kingdom of Castile after the death of her mother. While she was technically Queen, she played virtually no role in the government. She was deemed to be insane and was imprisoned on order of her father. After his death, she inherited the kingdom of Aragon. For a while, she co-ruled with her son, Charles I. She was known as Joanna the Mad, as she may have been mentally ill. She was the wife of Philip I, King of Castile (1478 ~ 1506), also known as Philip the Handsome. She was of the House of Trastámara. She was the daughter of Isabella I, Queen of Castile and Ferdinand, King of Aragon. daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. She was born in Toledo, Castile. She died at age 75 in Tordesillas, Castile.
Events that Changed the World:
2018 ~ Mid-term election day in the United States. The Democratic Party won the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections.
2012 ~ Tammy Baldwin (b. 1962) became the first openly gay politician to be elected to the United States Senate. She represents the State of Wisconsin.
2012 ~ Election Day in the United States where the presidential election was between Barack Obama (b. 1961) and Willard “Mitt” Romney (b. 1947). President Barack Obama and Vice President Joseph Biden (b. 1942) were re-elected.
1984 ~ Ronald Reagan (1911 ~ 2004) was reelected as President of the United States.
1965 ~ Cuba and the United States formally agreed to begin the Cuban airlift for individuals who sought to leave Cuba for the United States. By 1971, over 250,000 Cubans had left Cuba under this program.
1956 ~ Dwight David Eisenhower (1890 ~ 1969) was reelected as President of the United States.
1947 ~ Meet the Press made it television debut.
1934 ~ Memphis, Tennessee became the first major city to join the Tennessee Valley Authority.
1928 ~ Herbert Hoover (1874 ~ 1964) was elected as the 31st President of the United States.
1913 ~ Mohandas Gandhi (1869 ~ 1948) was arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
1900 ~ William McKinnley (1843 ~ 1901) was reelected as President. He would be assassinated just a few months into his second term.
1869 ~ The first intercollegiate American football game took place between Rutgers College and Princeton University. Rutgers beat Princeton by a score of 6-4.
1861 ~ Jefferson Davis (1808 ~ 1889) was elected President of the Confederate States of America.
1860 ~ Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) was elected as the 16th President of the United States. He defeated John Breckinridge (1821 ~ 1875), John Bell (1796 ~ 1869) and Stephen Douglas (1813 ~ 1861) in a four-way race.
447 ~ The Walls of Constantinople were severely damaged by an earthquake. Much of the wall was destroyed, including 57 of its towers.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Ken Spears (né Charles Kenneth Spears; b. Mar. 12, 1938), American carton icon who co-created Scooby-Doo. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 82 in Brea, California.
2019 ~ Robert Freemen (b. Dec. 5, 1936), British photographer who shaped the Beatles’ image. He was born and died in London, England. He died about a month before his 83rd birthday.
2017 ~ Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (né Richard Francis Gordon, Jr.; b. Oct. 5, 1929), American astronaut who almost reached the moon. He was the Command Module pilot for Apollo 12. He had hoped to walk on the moon for the Apollo 18 flight, however, that flight was cancelled due to budget cuts. He died a month after his 88th birthday.
2015 ~Yatzhak Navon (né Yatzhak Rachamim Navon; b. Apr. 9, 1921), Israeli president who bridged community divides. He was the first Sephardic Jew to hold the Office of President of Israel. He served from May 1978 until May 1983. He was born and died in Jerusalem, Israel. He died at age 94.
2013 ~ Dan Lurie (b. Apr. 1, 1923), American bodybuilder who arm-wrestled President Ronald Reagan. He was a founding father of bodybuilding. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 90 in Roslyn, New York.
2010 ~ Robert Lipshutz (né Robert Jerome Lipshutz; b. Dec. 27, 1921), 17th White House Counsel. He served under President Jimmy Carter from January 1977 until October 1979. He was born and died in Atlanta, Georgia. He died at age 88.
1991 ~ Gene Tierney (née Gene Eliza Tierney; b. Nov. 19, 1920), American actress. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died 13 days before her 71st birthday in Houston, Texas.
1964 ~ Hans von Euler-Chelpin (b. Feb. 15, 1863), German-born chemist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigation into fermentation of sugars and enzymes. He was born in Augsburg, Germany. He died at age 91 in Stockholm, Sweden.
1942 ~ Emil Starkenstein (b. Dec. 18, 1884), Czech-Jewish co-founder of clinical pharmacology. He was murdered at the Mauthausen-Gausen concentration camp during the Holocaust. He was 57 years old.
1941 ~ William Sulzer (b. Mar. 18, 1863), Governor of New York State. He served as Governor for 10 months, from January 1913 until October 1913 when he was impeached. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He died at age 78 in New York, New York.
1935 ~ Billy Sunday (né William Ashley Sunday; b. Nov. 19, 1862), American baseball player-turned-evangelist. He was born in Story County, Iowa. He died 13 days before his 73rd birthday in Chicago, Illinois.
1933 ~ Andrey Lyapchev (b. Nov. 30, 1866), Bulgarian attorney and Prime Minister of Bulgaria. He served as Prime Minister from January 1926 until June 1931. He died 24 days before his 67th birthday.
1928 ~ Arnold Rothstein (b. Jan. 17, 1882), American gangster. He was known as “The Brain.” He is believed to have been the mastermind of the fixing of the 1919 Baseball World Series. He was born and died in New York, New York. He was murdered at age 46.
1922 ~ Morgan Bulkeley (né Morgan Gardner Bulkeley; b. Dec. 26, 1837), 54th Governor of Connecticut. He served as governor from January 1889 until January 4, 1893. He was born in East Haddam, Connecticut. He died at age 84 in Hartford, Connecticut.
1895 ~ Joel Müller (b. 1827), German rabbi. He died in Berlin, Germany. The exact date of his birth is not known.
1893 ~ Peter Tchaikovsky (né Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, b. May 7, 1840), Russian composer, best known for The Nutcracker Suite and the 1812 Overture. He was born in Votkinsk, Russia. He died at age 53 in Saint Petersburgh, Russia.
1872 ~ George Meade (né George Gordon Meade; b. Dec. 31, 1815), Union General during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. He was born in Cádiz, Spain. He died at age 56 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1836 ~ Charles X, King of France (b. Oct. 9, 1757). He was King from September 1824 until August 1830. In 1773, he married Marie Thérèse of Savoy. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony. He was Roman Catholic. He died 28 days after his 79th birthday.
1790 ~ James Bowdoin, II (b. Aug. 7, 1726), 2nd Governor of Massachusetts. He was Governor from May 1785 through May 1787. Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine is named in his honor. He was born and died in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 64.
1656 ~ John IV, King of Portugal (b. Mar. 19, 1604). He ruled Portugal from December 1640 until his death in November 1656. He was married to Luisa de Guzmán. They married in 1633. He was of the House of Braganza. He was the son of Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza and Ana de Velasco y Girón. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 52.
1656 ~ Jean-Baptiste Morin (b. Feb. 23, 1583). French mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 73.
1650 ~ William II, Prince of Orange (b. May 27, 1626). He ruled from March 1647 until his death 3 years later. He was married to Mary, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (1631 ~ 1660). They married in 1641. They were the parents of William III, King of England. He was of the House of Orange-Nassau. He was the son of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. He was Calvinist. He died of smallpox at age 24 just two days after the birth of his only child, William III.
1632 ~ Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (b. Dec. 9, 1594). He ruled over Sweden from 1611 until his death in 1632. He was married to Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. He was of the House of Vasa. He was the son of Charles IX, King of Sweden and Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. He was Lutheran. He was killed at ag 37 in the Battle of Lützen.
1612 ~ Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (b. Feb. 19, 1594), member of the British royal family and heir apparent to the British throne. He never married and had no known children. He was of the House of Stuart. He was the oldest son of James VI, King of England and Anne of Denmark. He died of typhus fever at age 18.
1597 ~ Infante Catherine Michelle of Spain (b. Oct. 10, 1567), Duchess consort of Savoy. She was the first wife of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (1562 ~ 1630). They married in 1585. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Philip II, King of Spain and Elizabeth of Valois. She was Roman Catholic. She died of complications of childbirth just 27 days after her 30th birthday.
1406 ~ Pope Innocent VII (né Cosimo de’Migliorati, b. 1339). He was Pope from October 1401 until his death 2 years later. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been 67 at the time of his death.
1003 ~ Pope John XVII (b. 945). He was Pope for 6 months, from May 1003 until his death in November 1003. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 48 years old at the time of his death.
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