Birthdays:
1978 ~ Rachel McAdams (née Rachel Anne McAdams), Canadian actress. She was born in London, Ontario, Canada.
1964 ~ Susan Rice (née Susan Elizabeth Rice), 24th United States National Security Advisor. She served in the Barack Obama administration. She held that Office from July 2013 until January 2017. She was born in Washington, D.C.
1960 ~ RuPaul (né RuPaul Andre Charles), American drag queen and actor. He was born in San Diego, California.
1954 ~ Chopper Read (né Mark Brandon Read; d. Oct. 9, 2013), Australian criminal who became a legend. The 2000 movie Chopper was based on his life of crime. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He died at age 58 of liver cancer in Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
1951 ~ Stephen Root, American actor, and comedian. He was born in Sarasota, Florida.
1949 ~ John Boehner (né John Andrew Boehner), American politician and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from January 2011 until October 2015. He served as a United States Representative from Ohio. He was born in Reading, Ohio.
1948 ~ Howard Dean (né Howard Brush Dean, III), American physician and politician. He served as the 79th Governor of Vermont from August 1991 until January 2003. He was also a presidential candidate in 2000. He was born in New York, New York.
1947 ~ Will Vinton (né William Gale Vinton; d. Oct. 4, 2018), American animator who made the California Raisins come alive. He is best known for his work in clay, known as Claymation. He was born in McMinneville, Oregon. He died of multiple myeloma at age 70 in Portland, Oregon.
1944 ~ Tom Seaver (né George Thomas Seaver; d. Aug. 31, 2020), American professional baseball player. He was the Mets ace who steered a miracle. He also played for the Cincinnati Reds, the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox. He was born in Fresno, California. He died at age 75 in Calistoga, California.
1944 ~ Danny DeVito (né Daniel Michael DeVito, Jr.), American actor. He was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey.
1944 ~ Lorne Michaels (né Lorne David Lipowitz), Canadian producer of Saturday Night Live. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1943 ~ Lauren Hutton (née Mary Laurence Hutton), American actress and model. She was born in Charleston, South Carolina.
1942 ~ Martin Scorsese (né Martin Charles Scorsese), American film director. He was born in Flushing, New York.
1941 ~ Tova Borgnine (née Tove Træsnæs; d. Feb. 26, 2022), Norwegian-born American businesswoman and beauty mogul whose products made her husband glow. She was the widow of actor Ernest Borgnine. She was born in Oslo, German-occupied Norway. She died at age 80 in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
1938 ~ Gordon Lightfoot (né Gordon Meredith Lightfoot, Jr.; d. May 1, 2023), Canadian troubadour who sang of loss. He is best known for his ballad The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. He was born in Orillia, Ontario, Canada. He died at age 84 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1937 ~ Peter Cook (né Peter Edward Cook; d. Jan. 9, 1995), British comedian and actor. He died of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage at age 57 in London, England.
1928 ~ Rance Howard (né Harold Rance Beckenholdt; d. Nov. 25, 2017), American actor and father of actor Ron Howard. He was born in Newkirk, Oklahoma. He died 8 days after his 89th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1925 ~ Rock Hudson (né Roy Harold Scherer, Jr.; d. Oct. 2, 1985), American actor. He was born in Winnetka, Illinois. He died of AIDS at age 59 in Beverly Hills, California.
1922 ~ Stanley N. Cohen (d. Feb. 5, 2020), American biologist and recipient of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the isolation of nerve growth factor and the discovery of epidermal growth factor. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 97 in Nashville, Tennessee.
1917 ~ Ruth Aaronson Bari (née Ruth Aaronson; d. Aug. 25, 2005), American mathematician best known for her work in graph theory. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died at age 87 in Silver Spring, Maryland.
1916 ~ Shelby Foote (né Shelby Dade Foote, Jr.; d. June 27, 2005), American author and historian. He was born in Greenville, Mississippi. He died at age 88 in Memphis, Tennessee.
1906 ~ Soichiro Honda (d. Aug. 5, 1991), Japanese engineer and businessman who co-founded the Honda car company. He died at age 84 in Tokyo, Japan.
1905 ~ Astrid of Sweden (née Astrid Sofia Lovisa Thyra; d. Aug. 29, 1935), Queen consort of the Belgians and 1st wife of Leopold III, King of Belgium (1901 ~ 1983). They married in 1926. She was of the House of Bernadotte. She was the daughter of Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland and Princess of Ingeborg of Denmark. She was killed in a car accident at age 29.
1902 ~ Eugene P. Wigner (né Eugene Paul Wigner; d. Jan. 1, 1995), Hungarian-born American physicist and mathematician. He was the recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. He died at age 92 in Princeton, New Jersey.
1901 ~ Lee Strasberg (né Israel Lee Strassberg; d. Feb. 17, 1982), Ukrainian-born American actor and director. He died at age 80 in New York, New York.
1878 ~ Grace Abbott (d. June 19, 1939), American social worker. She was born in Grand Island, Nebraska. She died of multiple myeloma at age 60 in Chicago, Illinois.
1799 ~ Titian Peale (né Titian Ramsay Peale; d. Mar. 13, 1885), American artist, naturalist, and explorer. He was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 85.
1790 ~ August Ferdinand Möbius (d. Sept. 26, 1868), German mathematician and astronomer. He is best known for the Möbius Strip. Möbius was a pioneer in the branch of geometry known as topology. He died at age 77.
1776 ~ Robert Trimble (d. Aug. 25, 1828), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President John Quincy Adams. He served on the Court from May 1826 until his death in August 1828. He replaced Thomas Todd on the Court. He was succeeded by John McLean. He was born in Berkeley County, Virginia. He died of bilious fever at age 51 in Paris, Kentucky.
1755 ~ Louis XVIII, King of France (d. Sept. 16, 1824). He reigned as King from 1814 until 1824. He spent 23 years in exile. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony. He died at age 68.
1749 ~ Nicolas Appert (d. June 1, 1841), French chef and inventor of the canning process. He is known as the Father of Food Science. He died at age 91.
1729 ~ Infanta Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (d. Sept. 19, 1785), Queen consort of Sardinia and wife of Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia (1726 ~ 1796). They married in 1750. She was of the House of Bourbon. She was the youngest daughter of Philip V, King of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. She died at age 55.
1612 ~ Dorgon (d. Dec. 31, 1650), Chinese prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty. He died at age 38.
1453 ~ Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (d. July 5, 1468), member of the Castilian royal family. He was the heir presumptive. He never married and had no known children. He was of the House of Trastámara. He was the son of John II, King of Castile and Isabella of Portugal. He was Roman Catholic. He died suddenly at age 14.
1398 ~ Infante Peter of Aragon (d. Nov. 8, 1400), member of the Sicilian royal family. He was the heir apparent. He was of the House of Barcelona. He was the son of Martin I, King of Sicily and Maria of Sicily. He was Roman Catholic. He was killed in a freak accident when he was speared in the head during a tournament. He was killed just 9 days before his 2nd birthday.
9 ~ Emperor Vespasian (d. June 23, 79), the traditional dates ascribed to the birth and death of the Roman Emperor. He died at age 69.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ The first known case of Covid-19 was traced to a 55-year-old man who had visited a wet market in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the disease would become a world-wide pandemic.
2003 ~ Arnold Schwarzenegger (b. 1947) began his term as Governor of California. He succeeded Gray Davis (b. 1942) in a recall election.
2000 ~ Alberto Fujimori (b. 1938) was removed from office as president of Peru on corruption charges.
1997 ~ Islamic militants killed 62 people, most of whom were tourists, outside the Temple of Hatshepsut in Luxor, Egypt. The assailants were subsequently killed by Egyptian police.
1989 ~ The Czechoslovakian Velvet Revolution began when students in Prague began a demonstration. Although the police halted the demonstration, it began an uprising that ultimately overthrew the communist government.
1970 ~ The court martial trial of Lieutenant William Calley (b. 1943) for his role in the My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War began. He would be found guilty of premeditated murder. He served 3 years under house arrest.
1968 ~ NBC interrupted the end of the Raiders-Jets football game to broadcast the movie Heidi.
1962 ~ Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., area was dedicated. The airport was named after John Foster Dulles (1888 ~ 1959), the 52nd Secretary of State. Eero Saarinen (1910 ~ 1961) designed the airport.
1950 ~ Lhamo Dondrub (b. 1935) was officially named the 14th Dalai Lama. His religious name is Tenzin Gyatso.
1947 ~ The Screen Actors Guild implemented an anti-Communist loyalty oath.
1939 ~ Nine Czech students were executed in as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations. Czech universities were closed and over 1200 Czech students were sent to concentration camps. This date is now known as International Students’ Day and is celebrated in many countries.
1933 ~ The United States formally recognized the Soviet Union.
1894 ~ H.H. Holmes (1861 ~ 1896) was arrested in Boston, Massachusetts for the serial murders of many women, mostly during the time of the Chicago World’s Fair in the early 1890s. He is a central character in Erik Larson’s book, The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America.
1869 ~ The Suez Canal, which links the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, opened to traffic.
1858 ~ The city of Denver, Colorado was founded.
1837 ~ An earthquake struck in Valdiva, Chile, which caused tsunamis along the coast of Japan, flooding its rice fields, and destroying salmon traps.
1820 ~ Captain Nathaniel Palmer (1799 ~ 1877) became the first known American to see the continent of Antarctica. The Palmer Peninsula on Antarctica was named after him.
1811 ~ José Miguel Carrera (1785 ~ 1821) was sworn as president of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. He is considered a founding father of Chile.
1800 ~ The United States Congress met for the first time. The session was held in Washington, D.C.
1777 ~ The Articles of Confederation were submitted to the States of the Union for ratification.
1603 ~ Sir Walter Raleigh (1550s ~ 1618) went on trial for treason.
1558 ~ The Elizabethan era began with the death of Mary I, Queen of England (1516 ~ 1558). Her half-sister became Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1533 ~ 1603).
1292 ~ John Balliol (1249 ~ 1314) became the King of Scotland. He reigned from November 1292 until July 1296 when he was replaced by Robert the Bruce. He was of the House of Balliol. He was the son of John I de Balliol and Dervorguilla of Galloway. The exact dates of his birth and death are not known, but he is believed to have been about 65 at the time of his death.
Good-Byes:
2022 ~ Michael Gerson (né Michael John Gerson; b. May 15, 1964), American speechwriter who shaped George W. Bush’s message. He was born in Belmar, New Jersey. He died of kidney cancer at age 58 in Washington, D.C.
2022 ~ Fred Brooks (né Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr.; b. Apr. 19, 1931), American computer programmer with a sense of humor. He created the first operating system that could work across multiple computer hardware designs. He held a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Harvard University. He was born in Durham, North Carolina. He died at age 91 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
2016 ~ Ruth Gruber (b. Sept. 30, 1911), American courageous photo-journalist who fought injustice. In 1944, she escorted nearly 1000 refugees from Nazi-occupied Italy across the Atlantic to the United States and recorded their stories. She also witnessed and recorded when Jews on the Exodus 1947 were refused entry into British-controlled Palestine and sent back to Nazi Germany. She was born in New York, New York to Russian Jewish immigrants. She died in Manhattan, New York at age 105.
2015 ~ Irma Wyman (b. Jan. 31, 1928), American computer engineer. She was the first woman to become vice president at Honeywell, Inc. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She died at age 87.
2013 ~ Doris Lessing (née Doris May Tayler; d. Oct. 22, 1919), English plainspoken novelist who rejected the feminist label. She was the recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was born in Kermanshah, Iran. She died 26 days after her 94th birthday in London, England.
2012 ~ Margaret Yorke (née Margaret Larminie; b. Jan. 30, 1924), British crime fiction author. She died at age 88.
2011 ~ Betty Haas Pfister (née Elizabeth Haas; b. July 23, 1921), American female World War II pilot who never lost her love of flying. She joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) following college. She was born in Great Neck, New York. She died at age 90 in Aspen, Colorado.
2010 ~ Isabelle Caro (b. Sept. 12, 1982), French fashion model who warned that women can be too thin. She died of anorexia at age 28 in Paris, France.
2008 ~ Irving S. Brecher (b. Jan. 17, 1914), American quick wit who wrote for the Marx Brothers. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 94 in Los Angeles, California.
2002 ~ Abba Eban (né Aubrey Solomon Meir Eban; b. Feb. 2, 1915), Israeli diplomat. He was born in Cape Town, South Africa. He died at age 87 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
2000 ~ Louis Néel (né Louis Eugène Félix Néel; b. Nov. 22, 1904), French physicist and recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Lyon, France. He died 5 days before his 96th birthday.
1998 ~ Esther Rolle (b. Nov. 8, 1920), African-American actress best known for her role as Florida Evans on the television sit-com Maude. She was born in Pompano Beach, Florida. She died just 9 days after her 78th birthday of complications from diabetes in Culver City, California.
1992 ~ Audre Lorde (née Audrey Geraldine Lorde; b. Feb. 18, 1934), African-American writer, feminist and civil rights activist. She was born in New York, New York. She died of breast cancer at age 58 in Saint Croix, Virgin Islands.
1990 ~ Robert Hofstadter (b. Feb. 5, 1915), American physicist and recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Stanford, Connecticut at age 75.
1958 ~ Yutaka Taniyama (b. Nov. 12, 1927), Japanese mathematician. He died by suicide 5 days after his 31st birthday.
1917 ~ Auguste Rodin (né François-Auguste René Rodin; d. Nov. 12, 1840), French sculptor. He is best known for his sculpture of The Thinker. He was born in Paris, France. He died 5 days after his 77th birthday in Meudon, France.
1865 ~ James McCune Smith (b. Apr. 18, 1813), African-American physician and abolitionist. He earned his medical degree in Scotland and returned to the United States to practice medicine. He was the first African-American to hold a medical degree. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died of congestive heart failure at age 52 in Long Island, New York.
1862 ~ Mary Whitwell Hale (b. Jan. 29, 1810), American school teacher and hymnwriter. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Keene, New Hampshire. She died at age 52.
1818 ~ Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. May 19, 1744), Queen consort of Great Britain and German wife of George III, King of the United Kingdom (1738 ~ 1820). They married in 1761. They were married for 57 years and had 15 children, including Geroge IV, King of England. She was of the House of Meckleburg. She was the daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hilbrughausen. She died at age 74.
1796 ~ Catherine II, Empress of Russia (née Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; b. May 2, 1729). She was known as Catherine the Great. She became Empress after her husband, Peter III, Tsar of Russia (1728 ~ 1762), was assassinated in 1762. They had married in 1745. They were the parents of Paul I, Tsar of Russia. She ruled the country from July 1762 until her death in November 1796. She was of the House of Ascania. She was the daughter of Christina August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. She converted from Lutheranism to Russian Orthodox upon her marriage. She died at age 67.
1768 ~ Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (b. July 21, 1693), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was Prime Minister from March 1754 until November 1756 during the reign of King George II, and again during the reigns of King George II and King George III, from March 1757 until May 1762. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 75.
1757 ~ Maria Josepha of Austria (b. Dec. 8, 1699), Queen consort of Poland and wife of Augustus III, King of Poland. They married in 1719. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick. She was Roman Catholic. She died of a stroke 3 weeks before her 58th birthday.
1592 ~ John III, King of Sweden (b. Dec. 20, 1537). He was King of Sweden from September 1568 until his death 14 years later. He was married twice, first to Catherine Jagellonica. They married in 1562. After her death, he married Gunilla Bielke in 1585. He was of the House of Vasa. He was the son of Gustav I, King of Sweden and Margaret Leijonhufvud. He died about a month before his 55th birthday.
1562 ~ Antoine, King of Navarre (b. Apr. 22, 1518). He was king jure uxoris. He was married to Jeanne III, Queen of Navarre (1528 ~ 1572). They married in 1548. He was her second husband. They were the parents of Henry IV, King of France. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Charles, Duke of Vendôme and Françoise of Alençon. He died of injuries sustained in the first French War of Religion. He was 44 years old.
1558 ~ Mary I, Queen of England (b. Feb. 18, 1516), first reigning queen of England. She was married to Philip II, King of Spain (1527 ~ 1598). They married in 1554. She was also the Queen consort of Spain. She was known as “Bloody Mary” because of the persecutions of Protestants during her reign. She was of the House of Tudor. She was the daughter of Henry VIII, King of England and Catherine of Aragon, as well as being the half-sister of Elizabeth I, Queen of England. She died at age of 42 during an influenza epidemic, however, she was in ill health prior to the epidemic. When she died, her half-sister, Elizabeth I, ascended to the throne.
1525 ~ Eleanor of Viseu (b. May 2, 1458), Queen consort of Portugal and wife of John II, King of Portugal. They married in 1470. She was of the House of Aviz. She was the daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu and Beatrice of Portugal. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 67.
1231 ~ St. Elizabeth of Hungary (b. July 7, 1207). She was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungry. She was married at 14 to Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia (1200 ~ 1227). She was widowed at age 20. She then began building hospitals to tend to the sick. She was canonized and is known as Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. She was of the Árpád Dynasty. She was the daughter of Andrew II, King of Hungary and his first wife, Gertrude of Merania. She died at age 24.
935 ~ Wang Yanjun, Chinese Emperor of Min. He ruled from the late 920s until his death in 935. The date of his birth is not known.
885 ~ Liutgard of Saxony (b. 845), Queen consort of the Franks. She was married twice. Her first husband was Louis the Younger, King of the Franks. After his death, she married Burchard II, Duke of Swabia. She was of the House of Brunonen by birth. She was the daughter of Liudolf, Duke of Saxony and Oda Billung. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about age 39 or 40 at the time of her death.
474 ~ Leo II (b. 467), Byzantine emperor. The exact date of his birth is not known. He was 7 years old when he died.
375 ~ Emperor Kang of Jin (b. 322), Chinese emperor of the eastern Jin Dynasty. He was emperor for only 2 years. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 21 or 22 at the time of his death.
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