Birthdays:
1966 ~ Adam Sandler (né Adam Richard Sandler), American actor and comedian. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1960 ~ Hugh Grant (né Hugh John Mungo Grant), English actor. He was born in London, England.
1951 ~ Bob Shacochis, American novelist. He was born in Pittston, Pennsylvania.
1943 ~ Madeline Kripke (née Madeline Faith Fripke; d. Apr. 25, 2020), American bibliophile who assembled one of the world’s largest collections of dictionaries in her Manhattan apartment. She had approximately 20,000 volumes that ranged from a Latin dictionary printed in 1502 to a tome of Greenlandic slang. She was born in New London, Connecticut. She died at age 76 in Manhattan, New York of Covid-19.
1941 ~ Otis Redding (né Otis Ray Redding, Jr.; d. Dec. 10, 1967), African-American musician. He was born in Dawson, Georgia. He was killed in a plane crash at age 26 in Madison, Wisconsin.
1935 ~ Chaim Topol (d. Mar. 8, 2023), Israeli actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Tevye, the lead role in the stage musical Fiddler on the Roof, and the 1971 film adaption of the play. He was born and died in Tel Aviv, Israel. He died at age 87.
1924 ~ Sylvia Miles (née Sylvia Scheinwald; d. June 12, 2019), American actress and scene-stealer who never missed a party. She was born in and died in New York, New York. She died at age 94.
1923 ~ Daniel C. Gajduske (né Daniel Carleton Gajdusek; d. Dec. 12, 2008), American physician and recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with kuru. In the 1990s, he was convicted of child molestation and spent a year in prison. He was born in Yonkers, New York. He died at age 85 in Tromsø, Norway while visiting colleagues.
1923 ~ Cliff Robertson (né Clifford Parker Robertson, III; d. Sept. 10, 2011), American Oscar-winning actor snubbed by Hollywood. His acting career lost momentum in 1977 after he blew the whistle on a high-level check fraud going on at a top movie studio. He was born in La Jolla, California. He died 1 day after his 88th birthday in Stony Brook, New York.
1922 ~ Hans Georg Dehmelt (d. Mar. 7, 2017), German-American physicist and recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Görlitz, Germany. He died at age 94 in Seattle, Washington.
1920 ~ Feng Kang (d. Aug. 17, 1993), Chinese mathematician. He died 3 weeks before his 73rd birthday.
1903 ~ Phyllis A. Whitney (née Phyllis Ayame Whitney; d. Feb. 8, 2008), American author of gothic mystery novels. She was born in Yokohama, Japan. She died of pneumonia at age 104 in Faber, Virginia.
1900 ~ James Hilton (d. Dec. 20, 1954), English novelist best known for his novels, Lost Horizon and Goodbye, Mr. Chips. He died of liver cancer at age 54 in Long Beach, California.
1890 ~ Colonel Harland Sanders (né Harland David Sanders; d. Dec. 16, 1980), American businessman, fast-food entrepreneur, and founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, later renamed KFC. He was born in Henryville, Indiana. He died at age 90 in Louisville, Kentucky.
1887 ~ Alf Landon (né Alfred Mossman Landon; d. Oct. 12, 1987), American politician and 26th Governor of Kansas. He was the Republican nominee in the 1936 Presidential race. He lost to Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was born in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania. He died about a month after his 100th birthday in Topeka, Kansas.
1877 ~ James Agate (né James Evershed Agate, d. June 6, 1947), English author and critic. He died of heart disease at age 69.
1828 ~ Count Leo Tolstoy (d. Nov. 20, 1910), Russian author. He is best known for his epic novels such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina. He died at age 82.
1789 ~ Menachem Mendel Schneerson (d. Mar. 17, 1866), Polish rabbi. He was the 3rd Rebbe of the Chabad Lubavitch movement. He died at age 77.
1754 ~ William Bligh (d. Dec. 7, 1817), British admiral and politician. He was the Admiral of the HNS Bounty, when his crew mutinied. He survived, and 15 years after the mutiny, he became the Governor of New South Wales. He served as Governor from August 1806 until January 1808. He died at age 63.
1711 ~ Thomas Hutchinson (d. June 3, 1780), early American politician and Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts Bay, British America. He died at age 68 in Great Britain.
1585 ~ Cardinal Richelieu (né Armand Jean du Plessis; d. Dec. 4, 1642), French clergyman and statesman. He was the 1stChief Minister to the French King. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 57.
1349 ~ Albert III, Duke of Austria (d. Aug. 29, 1395). He was the Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death in 1395. He was known as Albert with the Braid. He was married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth of Bohemia, whom he married in 1366. There were no children of this marriage and she died at age 15. His second wife was Beatrice of Nuremberg. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the third son of Albert II, Duke of Austria and Joanna of Pfirt. He died 11 days before his 46th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Massive forest fires raged through the American West Coast, including California, Oregon and Washington. The fires caused San Francisco and other cities in California to turn bright orange during the day.
2018 ~ Rosh Hashanah began at sunset.
2015 ~ Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1926 ~ 2022) became the longest reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing the previous record set by Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom.
1993 ~ The Palestine Liberation Organization recognized Israel as a legitimate state.
1971 ~ A four-day prison riot at Attica Prison in New York State began. By the time the riot ended, 39 people were killed.
1965 ~ Hurricane Betsy made landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana. The storm killed 76 people and caused enormous damage. The storm formed on August 27, 1965 and dissipated on September 13, 1965.
1965 ~ The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was created.
1956 ~ Elvis Presley (1935 ~ 1977) made his first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show.
1948 ~ The People’s Democratic Republic of Korea (North Korea) was proclaimed. Kim Il-Sung (1912 ~ 1994) became the country’s first Supreme Leader.
1947 ~ The first computer bug was discovered when a moth lodged itself in a relay at Harvard University, hence, the first use of the term “debug.”
1892 ~ Edward Emerson Barnard (1857 ~ 1923) discovered Amalthea, the third closet and fifth found moon, of the planet Jupiter.
1863 ~ During the American Civil War, the Union Army entered Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1850 ~ California became the 31st State of the Union.
1839 ~ John Herschel (1792 ~ 1871) is credited with taking the first glass plate photograph.
1791 ~ The capital of the United States was officially named Washington, D.C., after President George Washington.
1776 ~ The Continental Congress officially named its new union of sovereign states the United States of America.
1543 ~ Nine-month old Mary Stuart (1542 ~ 1587) was crowned Queen of Scots.
1488 ~ Anne (1477 ~ 1415) became the sovereign Duchess of Brittany. She would become a central figure in the struggle for influence that led to the union of Brittany and France.
1087 ~ William Rufus (1056 ~ 1100) became King of England. He took the title King William II and reigned until his death in 1100.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Shere Hite (née Shirley Diana Gregory; b. Nov. 2, 1942), American-born German sexologist and author. She was a researcher who upended views of sexuality. She is best known for her 1976 book, The Hite Report. She was born in Saint Joseph, Missouri. She died in London, England at age 77.
2013 ~ Reiko Douglas (b. Sept. 2, 1936), Japanese woman who prevailed on TV. She was the third wife of comedy writer Jack Douglas. She and her husband were popular guests on talk shows, even though she could speak little English. She died of lung cancer a week after her 77th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
2003 ~ Edward Teller (b. Jan. 15, 1908), Hungarian-born theoretical physicist. He is sometimes known as the Father of the Hydrogen Bomb. He was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He died at age 95 in Stanford, California.
1999 ~ Catfish Hunter (né James Augustus Hunter, b. Apr. 8, 1946), American baseball player. He was born and died in Hertford, North Carolina. He died at age 53 from ALS.
1997 ~ Burgess Meredith (né Oliver Burgess Meredith, b. Nov. 16, 1907), American actor. He is best known for his role as Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky movies. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died at age 89 in Malibu, California.
1985 ~ Paul Flory (né Paul John Flory, b. June 19, 1910), American chemist and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Sterling, Illinois. He died at age 75 in Big Sur, California.
1980 ~ John Howard Griffin (b. June 16, 1920), American journalist and author. He is best known for his book, Black Like Me, in which he temporarily darkened his skin to explore segregation in the American South. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He died of complications of diabetes at age 60 in Fort Worth, Texas.
1978 ~ Jack L. Warner (né Jacob Warner, b. Aug. 2, 1892), Canadian production manager and co-founder, along with his brothers Samuel, Harry, and Albert, of Warner Brothers movie studio. He was born in London, Ontario, Canada. He died about a month after his 86th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1976 ~Mao Zedong (b. Dec. 26, 1893), Chinese communist leader and 1st President of the People’s Republic of China. His name is also sometimes transliterated as Mao Tse-Tung. He died at age 82 in Beijing, China.
1941 ~ Hans Spemann (b. June 27, 1869), German embryologist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died of heart failure at age 72.
1915 ~ Albert Spalding (né Albert Goodwill Spalding, b. Sept. 2, 1950), American baseball player and co-founder of the Spalding Sporting Goods Company. He was born in Byron, Illinois. He died of a stroke a week after his 66th birthday in San Diego, California.
1901 ~ Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (b. Nov. 24, 1864), French painter. He died at age 36.
1849 ~ Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (b. Feb. 8, 1798), member of the Russian royal family. He married Princess Charlotte of Württemberg. They married in 1824. He was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. He was the 10th child and 4th son of Paul I, Tsar of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. He died at age 51 in Warsaw, Poland.
1815 ~ John Singleton Copley (b. July 3, 1738), American painter, best known for his portraits of early American patriots. He was born in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America. He died in London, England. The exact date is unknown, but he is believed to have been born on July 3, making him 77 at the time of his death.
1806 ~ William Paterson (b. Dec. 24, 1754), Irish-born American Associate Justice of the United State. He was nominated to the Supreme Court by President George Washington. He served on the High Court from March 1793 until his death at age 60 on this date 13 years later. He replaced Thomas Johnson on the Court and was succeeded by Henry Livingston. Prior to serving on the Supreme Court, he served as the 2nd Governor of New Jersey, from October 1790 until March 1793. The town of Paterson, New Jersey is named in his honor. He died in Albany, New York.
1596 ~ Anna Jagiellon, Queen of Poland (b. Oct. 18, 1523). She ruled over Poland from December 1575 until August 1587. She married for the first time in 1576 at age 52 to Stephen Báthory. She was of the Jagiellon Dynasty. She was the daughter of Sigismund I, King of Poland and Bona Sforza. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 72.
1569 ~ Pieter Bruegel the Elder (b. 1525), Flemish painter. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 43 or 44 at the time of his death.
1545 ~ Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans (b. Jan. 22, 1522). He was of the House of Valois-Angoulême. He was the third son of Francis I, King of France and Claude of France. He never married. He died of influenza at age 23.
1513 ~ James IV, King of Scotland (b. Mar. 17, 1473). He reigned over Scotland from June 1488 until his death in September 1513. He was married to Margaret Tudor. He was of the House of Stewart. He was the son of James III, King of Scotland and Margaret of Denmark. He died at age 40 in the Battle of Flodden.
1487 ~ Chenghua (b. Dec. 9, 1447), 9th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned from February 1464 until his death 23 years later. He died at age 39.
1438 ~ Edward, King of Portugal (b. Oct. 31, 1391). He reigned as King from August 1433 until his death of the plague at age 46. In 1428, he married Eleanor of Aragon. He was of the House of Aviz. He was the son of John I, King of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 46.
1285 ~ Kunigunda of Halych (b. 1245), Queen consort of Bohemia and second wife of Ottokar II, King of Bohemia. He was her first husband. She was 41 years younger than Ottokar. After his death, she married Záviš, Lord of Falkenštejn. She was of the House of Rurik. She was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich and Anna of Hungary. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about age 39 or 40 at the time of her death.
1087 ~ William I, King of England (b. 1028). He was known as William the Conqueror. He ruled over England from December 1066 until his death in 1087. He was married to Matilda of Flanders. He was of the House of Normandy. He was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificent and his mistress, Herleva of Falaise. He was sometimes known as William the Bastard. The exact date of his birth is known, but he is believed to have been about 59 at the time of his death.
1000 ~ Olaf I, King of Norway (b. 960). He ruled Norway from 955 until his death in 1000. He was known as Olaf Tryggvason. He is believed to have married several times. His first wife was Geira of Wendland. After her death, he married his second wife, Gyda of Dublin. His third wife was Gudrun Skeggesdatter. His fourth and final wife was Tyra of Denmark. He was the son of Tryggve Olafssosn, King of Viken and Astrid Eiriksdatter. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been 40 years old at the time of his death.
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