Birthdays:
1976 ~ Sarah Chalke, Canadian actress best known for her role as Dr. Elliot Reid on the television sit-com, Scrubs. She was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
1958 ~ Kathy Hochul (née Kathleen Courtney), 57th Governor of New York State. She assumed office on August 24, 2021 following Andrew Cuomo’s departure amid a sex scandal. She was born in Buffalo, New York.
1952 ~ Paul Reubens (né Paul Rubenfeld; d. July 30, 2023), American whimsical actor who created “Pee Wee Herman.” He was born in Peekskill, New York. He died in Los Angeles, California of cancer about a month before his 71stbirthday.
1952 ~ Roger Stone (né Roger Joseph Stone, Jr.), American conservative political consultant and lobbyist. He worked on the political campaigns of such Republican politicians as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George W Bush, and Donald Trump. He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut.
1947 ~ Harry Reems (né Herbert Streicher; d. Mar. 19, 2013), American porn pioneer who became a cause Célèbre. He is best known for his role in Deep Throat. He was born in the Bronx, New York. He died at age 65 of pancreatic cancer in Salt Lake City, Utah.
1943 ~ Tuesday Weld (née Susan Ker Weld), American model and actress. She was born in New York, New York.
1942 ~ Daryl Dragon (né Daryl Frank Dragon; d. Jan. 2, 2019), American musician and half of the duo Captain and Tennille. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died of kidney failure at age 76 in Prescott, Arizona.
1933 ~ Nancy Friday (née Nancy Colbert Friday; d. Nov. 5, 2017), American writer who chronicled women’s sexual fantasies. She is best known for her book, My Secret Garden. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died at age 84 in Manhattan, New York.
1932 ~ Harry Lee (d. Oct. 1, 2007), American sheriff from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. He was born and died in New Orleans. He died of leukemia at age 75.
1932 ~ Lady Antonia Fraser (née Antonia Margaret Caroline Pakenham), English historian and author. She is best known for her biographies and detective fiction. Her 2nd husband was playwright Harold Pinter. She was born in London, England.
1929 ~ Ira Levin (né Ira Marvin Levin; d. Nov. 12, 2007), American author. He is best known for such novels as The Stepford Wives and Rosemary’s Baby. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 78.
1928 ~ Joan Kroc (née Joan Beverly Mansfield; b. Oct. 12, 2003), American philanthropist and third wife of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald’s. Upon her death, she bequeathed millions of dollars to National Public Radio. She was born in West Saint Paul, Minnesota. She died of a brain tumor at age 75 in Rancho Santa Fe, California.
1928 ~ Péter Boross, Prime Minister of Hungary from December 1993 until July 1994. He was born in Nagybajom, Hungary.
1925 ~ Ernest A. Michael (né Ernest Arthur Michael; b. Apr. 29, 2013), American mathematician. He is best known for his work in topology. He was born in Zurich, Switzerland. His family left for the United States in 1932 due to the rise of Nazi Germany. He died at age 87 in Seattle, Washington.
1923 ~ Liane Russell (née Liane Brauch; d. July 20, 2019), Austrian-born American geneticist who flagged the risks of radiation. Her research in mammalian genetics provided the basis for understanding the chromosomic basis for sex determination in mammals and the effects of radiation, drugs, fuels, and waste on mice. Her family left Austria in March 1938 to escape from the Holocaust. She was born in Vienna, Austria and died at age 95 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
1918 ~ Sheldon Hoard Kinney (d. Dec. 11, 2004), United States Admiral who sank three U-boats in one night during World War II. He was born in Pasadena, California. He died of cancer at age 86 in Annapolis, Maryland.
1916 ~ Martha Raye (née Margy Reed; d. Oct. 19, 1994), American actress and singer. She was known as The Big Mouth. She was born in Butte, Montana. She died at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.
1916 ~ Herbert Stein (d. Sept. 8, 1999), American economist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died in Washington, D.C., on September 8, 1999, just 12 days after his 83rd birthday.
1915 ~ Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. (d. Nov. 4, 2011), American physicist and recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died at age 96 in Wayland, Massachusetts.
1908 ~ Lyndon B. Johnson (né Lyndon Baines Johnson; d. Jan. 22, 1973), 36th President of the United States. He began his Presidency after the assassination of President Kennedy. He served from November 1963 until January 1969. He served as the 37th Vice President from January 1961 until November 22, 1963. He was born and died in Stonewall, Texas. He died of a heart attack at age 64.
1904 ~ Norah Lofts (née Norah Ethel Robinson; d. Sept. 10, 1983), British author of historical romantic novels. She died about 2 weeks after her 79th birthday.
1899 ~ C.S. Forester (né Cecil Louis Troughton Smith; d. Apr. 2, 1966), English author. He was the author of The African Queen. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. He died at age 66 in Fullerton, California.
1890 ~ Man Ray (né Emmanuel Radnitzky; d. Nov. 18, 1976), American photographer and artist. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 86 in Paris, France.
1887 ~ George, Crown Prince of Serbia (d. Oct. 17, 1972). He relinquished his right to the throne after he killed his valet by kicking him to death when he was in his early 20s. In 1847, at age 60, he married for the first time. His wife was Radmila Radonjić. He was of the House of Karađorđević. He was the son of Peter I, King of Serbia and Princess Zorka of Montenegro. He died at age 85.
1884 ~ Vincent Auriol (né Vincent Jules Auriol; d. Jan. 1, 1966), French politician and first President of the Fourth Republic. He served as President from January 1947 until January 1954. He died at age 81 in Paris, France.
1879 ~ Samuel Goldwyn (né Szmuel Gelbfisz; d. Jan. 31, 1974), Polish-born film studio executive and co-founder of Goldwyn Pictures. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. He died at age 94 in Los Angeles, California.
1877 ~ Charles Rolls (né Charles Stewart Rolls; d. July 12, 1910), English engineer and businessman. He co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited. He was born in London, England. He was killed in an airplane crash at age 32.
1877 ~ Lloyd C. Douglas (né Lloyd Cassel Douglas; d. Feb. 13, 1951), American minister and author best known for his novel, The Robe. He was born in Columbia City, Indiana. He died at age 73 in Los Angeles, California.
1875 ~ Katharine McCormick (née Katharine Moore Dexter; d. Dec. 28, 1967), American biologist and philanthropist. She was an advocate for women’s reproductive rights. She funded much of the research for the development of the birth control pill. She was born in Dexter, Michigan. She died at age 92 in Boston, Massachusetts.
1874 ~ Carl Bosch (d. Apr. 26, 1940), German chemist and recipient of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry. He was born in Cologne, Germany Empire. He died at age 65 in Heidelberg, Germany.
1871 ~ Theodore Dreiser (né Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser; d. Dec. 28, 1945), American author best known for his novels Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He died at age 74 of heart failure in Hollywood, California.
1865 ~ Charles G. Dawes (né Charles Gates Dawes; d. Apr. 23, 1951), 30th Vice President of the United States. He served under President Calvin Coolidge from March 1925 until March 1929. He had previously served as the 1st Director of the United States Bureau of the Budget, which was during the Warren Harding administration. He was also the co-recipient of the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations. He was born in Marietta, Ohio. He died at age 85 in Evanston, Illinois.
1858 ~ Guiseppe Peano (d. Apr. 20, 1932), Italian mathematician. He died at age 73 in Turin, Italy.
1812 ~ Bertalan Szemere (d. Jan. 18, 1869), Hungarian poet. He also served as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was in Office from May 1849 until August 1849 during the short period of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He died at age 56 Pest, Kingdom of Hungary.
1809 ~ Hannibal Hamlin (d. July 4, 1891), 15th Vice President of the United State. He served during Abraham Lincoln’s first term, from March 1861 until March 1865. He was the first Republican vice-president. He had previously served as the 26th Governor of the State of Maine, but only for 2 months, from January 1857 through February 1857. He was born in Paris, Maine and died in Bangor, Maine at the age of 81.
1770 ~ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (d. Nov. 14, 1831), German philosopher. He died at age 61 in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia.
1669 ~ Anne Marie d’Orléans (d. Aug. 26, 1728), Queen consort of Sicily and Sardinia. She was the first wife of Victor Amadeus II, King of Sicily (1666 ~ 1732). They married in 1684. She was of the House of Orléans. She was the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans and Princess Henrietta of England. She was the granddaughter of Louis XIII, King of France. She was Roman Catholic. She died of heart failure one dau before her 59th birthday.
1637 ~ Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (d. Feb. 21, 1715), governor of the province of Maryland. He inherited the colony of Maryland upon the death of his father. He died at age 77 in London, England.
1545 ~ Alexandre Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. Dec. 3, 1592). He ruled as the Duke of Parma from September 1586 until his death 6 years later. In November 1565, he married Infanta Maria of Portugal (1538 ~ 1577). He was of the House of Farnese. He was the son of Ottavio Farnese and Margaret of Parma. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 47.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Hurricane Laura, a category 4 storm, made landfall in western Louisiana. The storm caused massive damage in Lake Charles, Louisiana. The storm formed on August 20 and dissipated on August 29, 2020.
2012 ~ The Republican National Convention began in Tampa Bay, Florida. By the end of the conference, Mitt Romney (b. 1947) and Paul Ryan (b. 1970) were the Republican nominees for the 2012 presidential campaign.
2011 ~ Hurricane Irene struck the east coast of the United State, killing 47 people. The hurricane made landfall in North Carolina, New Jersey, and New York. On August 29, Irene transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and ran through Vermont. The storm formed on August 21 and dissipated on August 30, 2011.
1991 ~ Moldova declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
1991 ~ The European Community recognized the independence of the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
1979 ~ A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb killed Louis Mountbatten (1900 ~ 1979), cousin of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1926 ~ 2022) and three others.
1962 ~ NASA launched the unmanned Mariner 2, whose mission was to travel to Venus. The last contact had with Mariner 2 was on January 3, 1963.
1955 ~ The first edition of the Guinness Book of World Records was published in Great Britain.
1942 ~ The two-day Sarny Massacre began in the Ukrainian city of Sarny in which approximately 18,000 Jews were murdered.
1916 ~ The Kingdom of Romania entered World War I as one of the Allied nations after declaring war on Austria-Hungary.
1896 ~ The Anglo-Zanzibar War began and ended 45 minutes later between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar. It is the shortest war in recorded history.
1893 ~ The Sea Islands hurricane struck near Savannah, Georgia, killing nearly 2,000 people. This hurricane occurred on the anniversary of the devastating hurricane of 1881.
1883 ~ Four enormous explosions erupted at the volcano Krakatoa totally destroying the island. The ash from the explosions impacted the climate on earth for years.
1881 ~ A massive hurricane make landfall near Savannah, Georgia. Approximately 700 people were killed in the storm.
1859 ~ Commercial petroleum production began in the United States after Edwin Drake (1819 ~ 1880) struck oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania.
1832 ~ The leader of the Sauk tribe, Black Hawk (d. 1838), surrendered to United States authorities, thus ending the Black Hawk War.
1776 ~ In the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolution, British forced under General William Howe (1729 ~ 1814) defeated the American troops under General George Washington (1732 ~ 1799).
1172 ~ Henry the Young King (1155 ~ 1183) and Margaret of France (1157 ~ 1197) were crowned as junior King and Queen of England. Henry was crown king during the reign of his father, which was a practice of the French Capetian dynasty. The newly crowned royals, however, had no actual authority.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Edmond H. Fischer (né Edmund Henri Fischer; b. Apr. 6, 1920), Swiss-American biochemist and recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in Shanghai, China. He died at age 101 in Seattle, Washington.
2015 ~ Darryl Dawkins (b. Jan. 11, 1957), African-American professional basketball player. He was born in Orlando, Florida. He died of a heart attack at age 58 in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
2011 ~ Stetson Kennedy (né William Stetson Kennedy, b. Oct. 5, 1916), American writer who unmasked the Ku Klux Klan. He infiltrated the KKK and reported what he learned to journalists. His revelations were chronicled in his semi-fictional 1954 book I Rode with the Ku Klux Klan. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He died at age 94.
1997 ~ Brandon Tartikoff (b. Jan. 13, 1949), American television executive and president of NBC from 1980 to 1991. He was born in Freeport, New York. He died of Hodgkin’s lymphoma at age 48 in Los Angeles, California.
1996 ~ Greg Morris (né Francis Gregory Alan Morris; b. Sept. 27, 1933), African-American actor best known for his role as Barney Collier in Mission: Impossible. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died in Las Vegas, Nevada of brain cancer a month before his 63rd birthday.
1990 ~ Stevie Ray Vaughn (né Stephen Ray Vaughn; b. Oct. 3, 1954), American musician and guitarist. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He was killed in a helicopter accident over East Troy, Michigan at age 35.
1980 ~ Sam Levenson (né Samuel Levenson; b. Dec. 28, 1911), American humorist, teacher and television host. He hosted the television game show Two for the Money in the 1960s. He was born in New York, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 68 in Brooklyn, New York.
1979 ~ Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl of Mountbatten of Burma (b. June 25, 1900), British admiral and statesman. He was an uncle of Prince Philip and a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He married Edwina Ashley in 1922. He was the son of Prince Louis of Battenberg and Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. He was assassinated by a bomb planted by the Irish Republican Army that was planted on his yacht. He was 79 years old.
1975 ~ Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (né Tafari Makonnen; b. July 23, 1892). He ruled over Ethiopia from April 1930 until May 1936, then again from January 1941 until he was overthrown in a coup in September 1974. He was assassinated a year later at age 83.
1971 ~ Margaret Bourke-White (née Margaret White; b. June 14, 1904), American photojournalist. She was born in The Bronx, New York. She died of Parkinson’s disease at age 67 in Stamford, Connecticut.
1971 ~ Bennett Cerf (né Bennett Alfred Cerf, b. May 25, 1898), American publisher and co-founder of Random House. He is best known for his compilation of jokes and puns. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died at age 73 in Mount Kisco, New York.
1968 ~ Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (b. Dec. 13, 1906), member of the Greek royal family. She became the Duchess of Kent through her marriage to Prince George, Duke of Kent. She was of the House of Glücksburg. She was the daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia. She was Greek Orthodox. She died of a brain tumor at age 61 in Kensington Palace, London, England.
1967 ~ Brian Epstein (b. Sept. 19, 1934), British businessman and manager of The Beatles. He was born in Liverpool. He died of an accidental drug overdose in London, England about 3 weeks before his 33rd birthday.
1965 ~ Le Corbusier (né Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris; b. Oct. 6, 1887), Swiss-born French architect and designer. He died at age 77.
1964 ~ Gracie Allen (née Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen; b. July 26, 1895), American actress and comedian. She was the wife of George Burns. She was born in San Francisco, California. She died of a heart attack a month after her 69thbirthday in Los Angeles, California.
1963 ~ Inayatullah Khan Masriqi (b. Aug. 25, 1888), Pakistani mathematician. He died 2 days after his 75th birthday.
1963 ~ W.E.B. Du Bois (né William Edward Burghardt Du Bois; b. Feb. 23, 1868), African-American historian, sociologist and political activist. He was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He died at age 95 in Accra, Ghana.
1958 ~ Ernest Lawrence (né Ernest Orlando Lawrence; b. Aug. 8, 1901), American nuclear physicist and recipient of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the cyclotron. The chemical element number 103 was named lawrencium in his honor. He was born in Canton, South Dakota. He died of cancer 19 days after his 57th birthday in Palo Alto, California.
1948 ~ Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. (b. Apr. 11, 1862), 11th United States Supreme Court Chief Justice. He was nominated to be the Chief Justice by President Herbert Hoover. He replaced William Howard Taft as Chief Justice. He served as the Chief Justice from February 1930 until June 1941. He was replaced as Chief Justice by Harlan F. Stone. He had served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from October 1910 to June 1016. He had been nominated by President William Howard Taft. He replaced David Josiah Brewer and was succeeded by John Hessin Clarke. He served as an Associate Justice from October 1910 until June 1916. He resigned from the Court to make a run for President. When he lost the bid for President, he served as the 44th United States Secretary of State from March 1921 until March 1925, serving under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Prior to his federal appointments, he served as the 36thGovernor of New York State. He was born in Glens Falls, New York. He died at age 86 in Osterville, Massachusetts.
1935 ~ Childe Hassam (né Frederick Childe Hassam; b. Oct. 17, 1959), American artist. During the early 1900s, Hassam painted many scenes of New England, including the shore, countryside and life in Boston. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 75 in East Hampton, New York.
1919 ~ Louis Botha (b. Sept. 27, 1862), 1st Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa. He held that position from May 1910 until his death in August 1919. He was born in Greytown, South Africa. He died in Pretoria, South Africa a month before his 57th birthday.
1909 ~ Emil Christian Hansen (b. May 8, 1842), Danish physiologist and mycologist and fermentation physiologist. He died at age 67.
1908 ~ John James Greenough (b. Jan. 19, 1812), American inventor. He was the Superintendent of the Patent Office in Washington, D.C. In February 1842, he received the first American patent for a sewing machine. He also invented the first shoe-pegging machine. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 96 in Brookline, Massachusetts.
1903 ~ Kusumoto Ine (b. May 31, 1827), Japanese doctor. She was the first Japanese female doctor of Western Medicine. She was the daughter of a Japanese courtesan and a German physician. She was born in Nagasaki, Japan. She died at age 76 in Tokyo, Japan.
1869 ~ Rebecca Gratz (b. Mar. 4, 1781), American-Jewish educator and philanthropist. She was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. She died at age 88 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1590 ~ Pope Sixtus V (né Felice Peretti di Montalto; b. Dec. 13, 1521). He was Pope from April 1585 until his death 5 years later. He died at age 68.
1576 ~ Titian (né Tiziano Vecelli; b. 1488), Italian painter. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 88 years old at the time of his death. He was born and died in Venice.
1518 ~ Joanna of Naples (b. Apr. 15, 1479), Queen consort of Naples and wife of Ferdinand II, King of Naples (1467 ~ 1496). Ferdinand was her nephew. He was 29 and she was 17 at the time of their marriage. There were no children of the marriage. She was of the House of Trastámara. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I, King of Naples and Joanna of Aragon. She died at age 39.
1312 ~ Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (b. July 25, 1261). He reigned over Brittany from November 1305 until his death in August 1312. He was married twice. In 1275, he married Marie, Viscountess of Limoges. After her death, he married Yolande of Dreux (former queen consort of Scotland) in 1292. He was of the House of Dreux. He was the son John II, Duke of Brittany and Princess Beatrice of England. He was the grandson of Henry III, King of England. He was Roman Catholic. He died a month after his 51st birthday.
1208 ~ Irene Angelina (b. 1181). She was married twice, and was the queen consort of two realms. In 1193, she married Roger III, King of Sicily (1175 ~ 1193), thus becoming the Queen consort of Sicily. He died shortly after they married. In 1197, she married Philip, King of Germany (1177 ~ 1208). When Philip was murdered in June 1202, she was pregnant. Two months after his death, she gave birth to a daughter, but both she and the baby died shortly afterwards. She was of the House of Angelos. She was the daughter of the Byzantine emperor, Isaac II Angelos and an unnamed mother. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 26 or 27 at the time of her death.
1146 ~ Eric III, King of Denmark (b. 1120). He was known as Eric III Lamb. He was King from 1137 until his abdication 9 years later. He was the first and only Danish king to abdicate voluntarily. The reason for his abdication is unknown. He was married to Lutgard of Salzwedel. He was of the House of Estridsen. He was the son of Hakon Sunnivasson and Ragnhild of Denmark. The date of his birth is unknown but he is believed to have been about 25 or 26 at the time of his death.
827 ~ Pope Eugene II. He was Pope from June 824 until his death on this date 3 years later. The date of his birth is unknown.
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