Birthdays:
1977 ~ John Green (né John Michael Green), American novelist. He is best known for writing young adult fiction. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana.
1973 ~ Dave Chappelle (né David Khari Webber Chappelle), American stand-up comedian and actor. He was born in Washington, D.C.
1972 ~ Ava DuVernay (née Ava Marie DuVernay), African-American film director and screenwriter. She was born in Long Beach, California.
1965 ~ Marlee Matlin (née Marlee Beth Matlin), American actress. She has been deaf since she was 18 months old due to illnesses and fevers. She was born in Morton Grove, Illinois.
1962 ~ Major Garrett (né Major Elliot Garrett), American journalist. He is the chief Washington correspondent for CBS News. He was born in San Diego, California.
1962 ~ Craig Kilborn (né Craig Lawrence Kilborn), American actor and talk show host. He was the first host of The Daily Show. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri.
1962 ~ Ali Smith, Scottish author. She was born in Inverness, Scotland.
1961 ~ Jared Harris (né Jared Francis Harris), English actor. He is the son of actor Richard Harris. He was born in London, England.
1958 ~ Steve Guttenberg (né Steven Robert Guttenberg), American actor. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1957 ~ Stephen Fry (né Stephen John Fry), British comedian and actor. He was born in London, England.
1956 ~ Adam Gopnik, American writer, and essayist. He is best known as a staff writer for The New Yorker. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1955 ~ Mike Huckabee (né Michael Dale Huckabee), American politician and 44th governor of Arkansas. He served as Governor from July 1996 until January 2007. He was born in Hope, Arkansas.
1951 ~ Oscar Hijuelos (né Oscar James Hijuelos; d. Oct. 12, 2013), Cuban-American novelist who examined assimilation. He is best known for his novel The Mambo Kings. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 62 of a heart attack.
1949 ~ Charles Rocket (né Charles Adams Claverie; d. Oct. 7, 2005), American actor. He was born in Bangor, Maine. He died in Canterbury, Connecticut. His death at age 56 was ruled a suicide.
1949 ~ B. Smith (née Barbara Elaine Smith; d. Feb. 22, 2020), African-American trailblazing model who built a lifestyle empire. She was a model, author, and restauranteur. She was born in Everson, Pennsylvania. She died of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease at age 70 in Long Island, New York.
1948 ~ Alexander McCall Smith, Rhodesian author. He is best known for his cozy mysteries. He was born in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (currently Zimbabwe).
1947 ~ Paulo Coelho, Brazilian author. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1947 ~ Joe Manchin (née Joseph Manchin, III), American politician. He is a United States Senator from West Virginia. He assumed that Office in November 2010. He had previously served as the 34th Governor of West Virginia from January 2005 until November 2010. He was born in Farmington, West Virginia.
1944 ~ Gregory Jarvis (né Gregory Bruce Jarvis, d. Jan. 28, 1986), American astronaut who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was 41 years old.
1936 ~ A.S. Byatt (née Antonia Susan Drabble aka Dame Antonia Susan Duffy), English novelist. She was born in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.
1934 ~ Kenny Baker (né Kenneth George Baker; d. Aug. 13, 2016), English actor who played R2-D2 in six Star Warsmovies. At 3-feet, 8-inches, he was convinced to play the robot. He was born in Birmingham, England. He died just 11 days before his 82nd birthday.
1934 ~ Norman Myers (d. Oct. 20, 2019), British environmentalist. He was born in Clitheroe, United Kingdom. He died following a long illness at age 85 in Oxford, England.
1933 ~ Prince Rupert Loewenstein (d. May 20, 2014), Bavarian aristocrat and merchant banker who made the Rolling Stones rich. He was the financial manager of the Rolling Stones. He was born in Palma, Spain. He died of complications from Parkinson’s disease at age 80 in London, England.
1929 ~ Yasser Arafat (né Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini; d. Nov. 11, 2004), Leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. He was also the recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. He died at age 75 in France.
1927 ~ Harry Markowitz (né Harry Max Markowitz; d. June 22, 2023), American economist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 95 in San Diego, California.
1922 ~ Howard Zinn (d. Jan. 27, 2010), American historian who championed the masses. He was a political science professor at Boston University, and it was his book, A People’s History, that made him famous. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 87 in Santa Monica, California.
1904 ~ Ida Cook (d. Dec. 22, 1986), British romantic novelist. She wrote under the pen name of Mary Burchell. She is also known as being an advocate for Jewish refugees during World War II. She and her sister, Mary Louise Cook (1901 ~ 1991) were honored as the Righteous Among the Nations in Israel. She died at age 82.
1899 ~ Albert Claude (d. May 22, 1983), Belgian biologist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 83 in Brussels, Belgium.
1899 ~ Jorge Luis Borges (né Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo; d. June 14, 1986), Argentine writer. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died in Geneva, Switzerland at age 86.
1895 ~ Cardinal Richard Cushing (né Richard James Cushing; d. Nov. 2, 1970), Cardinal and Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts. He served as the Archbishop of Boston from September 1944 until his resignation in September 1970. He was born and died in Boston. He died at age 75.
1890 ~ Duke Kahanamoku (né Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku; d. Jan. 22, 1968), Native Hawaiian American competition swimmer and surfer. He is credited with being the father of surfing. He was known as the Big Kahuna. He was born and died in Honolulu, Hawaii. He died at age 77.
1890 ~ Jean Rhys (née Ella Gwendolyn Rees Williams; d. May 14, 1979), English novelist best known for her novel, Wide Sargasso Sea. She was born in the British Leeward Islands. She died at age 88 in Exeter, Britain.
1872 ~ Sir Max Beerbohm (né Henry Maximilian Beerbohm; d. May 20, 1956), English essayist and humorist. He was born in London England. He died in Rapallo, Italy at age 83.
1865 ~ Ferdinand I, King of Romania (d. July 20, 1927). He was reigned from October 1914 until his death on this date 13 years later. In 1893, he married Princess Marie of Edinburgh (1875 ~ 1938). He was of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He was the son of Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern and Infanta Antónia of Portugal. He was Roman Catholic. He died in Sinaia, Romania about a month before his 62nd birthday.
1772 ~ William I, King of the Netherlands (d. Dec. 12, 1843). He was the first King of the Netherlands. He reigned over the Netherlands from March 1815 until October 1840. He was married twice. In 1791, he married Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia (1774 ~ 1837). They were the parents of William II, King of the Netherlands. She died in 1837. In 1841, he married Countess Henrietta d’Oultremont (1792 ~ 1864). His second marriage was a morganatic marriage, thus she was never the queen consort. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his second wife who was both Belgium and Catholic. He was of the House of Orange-Nassau. He was the son of William V, Prince of Orange and Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia. He was of the Dutch Reformed Church. He died at age 71. He was succeeded by his son, William II, King of the Netherlands.
1556 ~ Sophia Brahe (d. 1643), sister of the Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe. She was a horticulturalist and student of chemistry and medicine in her own right. The exact date of her death is not known, but she is believed to have been about 83 or 84 at the time of her death.
1358 ~ John I, King of Castile and León (d. Oct. 9, 1390). He reigned from May 1379 until his death in October 1390. He was married twice. In 1375, he married his first wife, Eleanor of Aragon (1358 ~ 1382). They were the parents of Henry III, King of Castile and Ferdinand I, King of Aragon. She died in childbirth. His second wife was Infanta Beatrice of Portugal (1373 ~ 1420), whom he married when she was just 10 years old. He was of the House of Trastámara. He was the son of Henry II, King of Castile and Juana Manuel. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 32 from injuries sustained in a fall from his horse.
1198 ~ Alexander II of Scotland, King (d. July 6, 1249). He was King from December 1214 until his death in 1249. He was married twice. In 1221, he married his first wife, Joan of England (1210 ~ 1238). They married in 1221. After her death, he married Marie de Coucy (1218 ~ 1285) in 1239. They were the parents of Alexander II, King of Scotland. He was of the House of Dunkeld. He was the son of William I, King of Scotland, also known as William the Lion and Ermengarde de Beaumont. He died at age 50.
1113 ~ Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (d. Sept. 7, 1151). He was known as Geoffrey the Handsome. In 1128, he married to Matilda, Empress of England (1102 ~ 1167). He was her second husband. He was the founder of the House of Plantagenet. He was the son of Fulk, King of Jerusalem and Ermendgarde, Countess of Maine. He died suddenly just 14 days after his 38th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2016 ~ A 6.2 magnitude struck in north-central Italy. It was the first of a series of some 40 strong earthquakes to hit north-central Italy. About 300 people were killed from the quakes.
2014 ~ The South Napa earthquake, a 6.0 magnitude earthquake, struck northern California.
2006 ~ The International Astronomical Union redefined the term “planet” and Pluto was demoted to the status of a Dwarf Planet.
2004 ~ Two airplanes flying out of Domodedovo International Airport near Moscow exploded, killing 89 passengers. The explosions were caused by female suicide bombers from the Russian Republic of Chechnya.
1992 ~ Hurricane Andrew made landfall in Homestead, Flordia, just south of Miami, Florida. It was a category 5 storm. It would strike Louisiana a few days later. The storm formed on August 16 and dissipated on August 29, 1992.
1991 ~ Mikhail Gorbachev (1931 ~ 2022) resigned as head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1991 ~ The Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
1989 ~ Baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938 ~ 1989) banned Pete Rose (b. 1941) from baseball for gambling. Giamatti died at age 51, just 8 days after banishing Pete Rose from baseball.
1949 ~ The treaty that created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) went into effect.
1932 ~ Amelia Earhart (1897 ~ 1937) became the first woman to fly non-stop across the United States. She flew from Los Angeles, California to Newark, New Jersey.
1929 ~ Arabs attacked the Jewish community of Hebron killing nearly 70 people. The remaining Jews in the community were forced to flee the city.
1911 ~ Manuel de Arriaga (1840 ~ 1917) was elected and sworn in as the first President of Portugal.
1909 ~ After more than five years of removing dirt, workers began pouring concrete for the Panama Canal. This event was an important milestone for the canal because the heavily-fortified walls began taking shape. It would be almost exactly five years later before the canal open for business on August 15, 1914.
1891 ~ Thomas Edison (1847 ~ 1931) filed his patent for a motion picture camera.
1814 ~ During the War of 1812, British forces invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol and White House.
1662 ~ The Act of Uniformity required England to accept the Book of Common Prayer.
1561 ~ Willem, Prince of Orange (1533 ~ 1584) married his second wife, Duchess Anna of Saxony (1544 ~ 1577).
1391 ~ Massacre of the Jews in Palma de Mallorca. Over 300 Jews were killed. When Violant, Queen consort of Aragon (1365 ~ 1431) was informed of the incident, she ordered the perpetrators pay a fine and tried to protect the Jews. A year later, John I, King of Aragon (1350 ~ 1396) overruled the Queen’s order and granted full amnesty to the Christians who had practiced violence against the Jews on the grounds that they were protecting the Crown. He further declared that all debts of Christians to the Jews were null and void.
1349 ~ An epidemic of the bubonic plague in Mainz, Germany was blamed on the Jews, resulting in the mass murder of six thousand Jews.
1215 ~ Pope Innocent III (d. 1216) declared the Magna Carta to be invalid because he saw the document as an affront to the Church’s authority over the King. The Pope released John, King of England (1166 ~ 1216) from his oath to obey the Magna Carta.
1200 ~ John, King of England (1166 ~ 1216) married Isabella, Countess of Angoulême (d. 1246). In 1215, King John would sign the Magna Carta.
79 ~ Traditional date that Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted, burying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in volcanic ash. Some scholars believe that the volcanic eruption actually occurred on October 24.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Charlie Watts (né Charles Robert Watts; b. June 2, 1941), English drummer and reluctant rock star who drove the The Rolling Stones. He was the quiet and dignified drummer who served as The Rolling Stones rock-solid timekeeper through 58 years, 30 studio albums and countless tours. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 80 following an illness.
2020 ~ Gail Sheehy (née Gail Henion; b. Nov. 27, 1936), American author and journalist. She was born in Mamaroneck, New York. She died at age 83 in Southampton, New York.
2018 ~ Andre Blay (b. July 27, 1937), American businessman and VHS innovator who brought movies home. He died of complications of pneumonia at age 81.
2017 ~ Jay Thomas (né Jon Thomas Terrell; b. July 12, 1948), American actor best known for his role as Eddie LaBec on Cheers and as Jerry Gold on Murphy Brown. He was born in Kermit, Texas. He died of throat cancer at age 69 in Santa Barbara, California.
2014 ~ Sir Richard Attenborough, Baron Attenborough (né Richard Samuel Attenborough; b. Aug. 29, 1923), British actor and film director. He was the Gandhi director who championed against injustice. He was born in Cambridge, England. He died in London, England 4 days before his 91st birthday.
2013 ~ Muriel Siebert (née Muriel Faye Seibert; b. Sept. 12, 1928), financier who became the first woman to buy a seat on the New York Stock Exchange, thus shattering the glass ceiling. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She died at age 84, just 3 weeks before her 85th birthday in New York, New York.
2013 ~ Julie Harris (née Julia Ann Harris; b. Dec. 2, 1925), Tony Award-winning theater and film actress who ruled Broadway for decades. She was born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. She died of congestive heart failure at age 87 in West Chatham, Massachusetts.
2010 ~ William B. Saxbe (né William Bart Saxbe; b. June 24, 1916), 70th United States Attorney General. He served from January 1974 until February 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He was born and died in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. He died at age 94.
2004 ~ Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (née Elisabeth Kübler; b. July 8, 1926), Swiss-born psychiatrist who specialized in the study of death and dying. She was born in Zurich, Switzerland. She died at age 78 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
1998 ~ E.G. Marshall (né Everett Eugene Grunz; b. June 18, 1914), American actor. He was born in Owatonna, Minnesota. He died at age 84 in Bedford, New York.
1983 ~ Scott Nearing (b. Aug. 6, 1883), American writer and educator who lived in Maine. He was an advocate for simple living. He was born in Morris Run, Pennsylvania. He died 18 days after his 100th birthday in Harborside, Maine.
1978 ~ Louis Prima (né Louis Leo Prima; b. Dec. 7, 1910), American musician and bandleader. He was known as the King of Swing. He was born and died in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died at age 67.
1978 ~ Dame Kathleen Mary Kenyon (b. Jan. 5, 1906), British archeologist. She was one of the most influential archeologists on Neolithic culture in the Fertile Crescent. She was born in London, England. She died at age 72 in Wrexham, Wales.
1968 ~ Dolly Stark (né Albert D. Stark; b. Nov. 4, 1897), American baseball player and umpire. He was the first Jewish umpire in major league baseball. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 70.
1967 ~ Henry J. Kaiser (né Henry John Kaiser; b. May 9, 1882), American industrialist who became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. He was born in Sprout Brook, New York. He died at age 85 in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1946 ~ James McReynolds (né James Clark McReynolds; b. Feb. 3, 1862), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Woodrow Wilson. He replaced Horace Lurton on the Court and was succeeded by James Byrnes. He was known for his antisemitic, racist, and misogynistic views, which led to conflicts with his fellow Justices, especially Louis Brandeis, Benjamin Cardozo and Felix Frankfurter, who were Jewish. He served on the High Court from August 1914 until January 1941. He was one of the conservative justices who often voted to strike down New Deal Programs. He had previously served as the 48th United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson. He was born in Elkton, Kentucky. He died in Washington, D.C., at age 84.
1943 ~ Simone Weil (née Simone Adolohine Weil; b. Feb. 3, 1909), French philosopher. Her brother was the mathematician, Andre Weil. She was born in Paris, France. She died at age 34 of cardiac failure in Kent, England.
1932 ~ Kate M. Gordon (b. July 14, 1861), American women’s rights activist. She was born and died in New Orleans, Louisiana. She died at age 71 of a cerebral hemorrhage.
1923 ~ Kate Douglas Wiggin (née Kate Douglas Smith; b. Sept. 28, 1856), American author. She is best known for her children’s novel, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died of pneumonia a month before her 67th birthday in England.
1888 ~ Rudolf Clausius (né Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius; b. Jan. 2, 1822), German physicist and mathematician. He is considered one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics. He died at age 66.
1844 ~ Aaron Chorin (b. Aug. 3, 1766), Hungarian rabbi and author. He was a pioneer of religious reform. He favored the use of the organ and of prayers in the vernacular He was a pivotal figure for reformers. He died 21 days after his 78thbirthday.
1804 ~ Peggy Shippen (née Margaret Shippen, b. July 11, 1760), American second wife of Benedict Arnold. She was also an American Revolutionary War spy. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, British America. She died of cancer at age 44 in London, England.
1617 ~ St. Rose of Lima (née Isabel Flores de Oliva; b. Apr. 20, 1586), Peruvian saint. She was born and died in Lima, Peru. She died at age 31.
1595 ~ Thomas Digges (b. 1546), British mathematician. He is best known for proposing that the universe is infinite in extent. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He died in London, England at about age 50.
1507 ~ Cecily of York (b. Mar. 20, 1469), English princess. She was married several times. Her first marriage to Ralph Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Masham was annulled. In 1487, she married her second husband, John Welles, 1st Viscount Welles (1450 ~ 1499). After he died, she married Sir Thomas Kymbe. She was of the House of York. She was the daughter of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. She died at age 38.
1313 ~ Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1273). He reigned from June 1312 until his death a year later. In 1292, he married Margaret of Brabant (1276 ~ 1311). He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg. He was the son of Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg and Beatrice d’Avesnes. He was Roman Catholic. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been between 38 and 40 at the time of his death.
1103 ~ Magnus III Olafsson, King of Norway (b. 1073). He reigned from Sept. 1093 until his death in August 1103. He was known as Magnus Barefoot. He was married to Margaret Fredkulla (1080 ~ 1130). He was of the House of Hardrada. He was the son of Olaf III, King of Norway and an unknown mother. He was Roman Catholic. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have died at age 29 or 30.
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