Birthdays:
1962 ~ Laura San Giacomo, American actress. She is best known for her role as Cynthia in the 1989 film Sex, Lies and Videotapes.
1954 ~ Condolezza Rice, 66th United States Secretary of State. She served under President George W. Bush from January 2005 until January 2009. She previously served as the 20th National Security Advisor under President George W. Bush from January 2001 until January 2005.
1948 ~ Charles, Prince of Wales (né Charles Philip Arthur George), and heir to the British throne.
1947 ~ Buckwheat Zydeco (né Stanley Joseph Dural, Jr.; d. Sept. 24, 2016), African-American accordion player, born in Lafayette, Louisiana. He died of lung cancer at age 68.
1947 ~ P.J. O’Rourke (né Patrick Jake O’Rourke), American journalist, author and political astirist.
1944 ~ Karen Armstrong, English religious scholar and author.
1935 ~ King Hussein of Jordan (né Hussein bin Tal; d. Feb. 7, 1999). He was King of Jordon from August 1952 until his death in February 1999. His fourth wife was the American, Lisa Halaby, who became known as Queen Noor, upon her marriage to the King. He died of cancer at age 63.
1934 ~ Ellis Marsalis, Jr. (né Ellis Louis Marsalis, Jr.), American pianist and musician from New Orleans, Louisiana. He is the father of Branford and Wynton Marsalis.
1931 ~ Terrance Marsh (d. Jan. 9, 2018), British production designer who made movies look real. He died at age 86.
1930 ~ Edward H. White (né Edward Higgins White, II; d. Jan. 27, 1967), American astronaut and crewmember of the ill-fated Apollo I, which caught fire during a test of the spacecraft. He was 36 years old.
1929 ~ Jimmy Piersall (né James Anthony Piersall; d. June 3, 2017), American eccentric baseball player who battled mental illness. He was best known for his well-publicized battle with bipolar disorder that was the subject of the book, Fear Strikes Out. He died at age 87.
1922 ~ Veronica Lake (née Constance Frances Marie Ockelman; d. July 7, 1973), American actress. She died in Burlington, Vermont at age 50 of renal failure.
1922 ~ Boutros Boutros-Ghali (d. Feb. 16, 2016), Egyptian politician and diplomat. He served as the 6th Secretary General of the United Nations. He died at age 93.
1921 ~ Brian Keith (né Robert Alba Keith, d. June 24, 1997), American actor. He is best known for his role as Uncle Bill on the television sit-com Family Affair. He died by suicide at age 75.
1916 ~ Roger Apéry (d. Dec. 18, 1994), Greek-born French mathematician. He died of Parkinson’s disease about a month after his 78th birthday.
1908 ~ Joseph McCarthy (né Joseph Raymond McCarthy; b. May 2, 1957), United States Senator from Wisconsin, and head of the Un-American Activities Committee who tried to route out Communism in the United States. He fueled the Red Scare in the 1950s and led the investigations of numerous individuals alleging they supported Communism. He died at age 48.
1908 ~ Yedidia Shofet (d. June 24, 2005), Chief Rabbi of Iran. Following the 1979 Iranian revolution, he moved to California. He died at age 96.
1907 ~ Astrid Lindgren (née Astrid Anna Emilia Ericsson; d. Jan. 28, 2002), Swedish writer and creator of Pippi Longstocking. She died at age 94.
1907 ~ William Steig (d. Oct. 3, 2003), American cartoonist and children’s author, whose most familiar character is the ogre, Shrek. He died in Boston, Massachusetts at age 95.
1906 ~ Lane Dwinell (né Seymour Lane Dwindel; d. Mar. 27, 1997), 69th Governor of New Hampshire. He served as Governor from January 1955 through December 1959. He was born in Newport, Vermont and died in Hanover, New Hampshire. He died at age 90.
1900 ~ Aaron Copland (d. Dec. 2, 1990), American composer. He died 18 days after his 90th birthday.
1896 ~ Mamie Eisenhower (née Mamie Geneva Doud; d. Nov. 1, 1979), First Lady of the United States and wife of President Dwight David Eisenhower. She died 13 days before her 83rd birthday.
1891 ~ Sir Frederick Banting (né Frederick Grant Banting; d. Feb. 21, 1941), Canadian physician who was the principal discoverer of how insulin functions in the human body. He, along with his co-worker John Macleod, received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for this discovery. He was killed from injuries sustained in a plane crash at age 49.
1889 ~ Jawaharlal Nehru (d. May 27, 1964), 1st Prime Minister of India of an independent India from 1947 until 1964. He was also the father of Indira Gandhi, the country’s 3rd Prime Minister. He died of a heart attack at age 74.
1883 ~ Ado Birk (d. Feb. 2, 1942), Prime Minister of Estonia from for 3 days, from July 28 to July 30, 1920. At the beginning of World War II, he was arrested by the Soviet secret police. He was sentenced to death, but died before he could be executed. He died at age 58.
1878 ~ Julie Manet (d. July 14, 1966), French artist and model. She was the niece of painter Édouard Manet. She died at age 87.
1863 ~ Leo Baekeland (né Leo Henricus Arthur Baekland; d. Feb. 23, 1944), Belgian-American chemist and inventor. He was the inventor of Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic. He died at age 80.
1848 ~ Sándor Wekerle (d. Aug. 26, 1921), Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary. He served in this Office from November 1892 until January 1895. He died at age 72.
1845 ~ Ulisse Dini (d. Oct. 28, 1918), Italian mathematician and politician. He is best known for his contribution to real analysis. He died 17 days before his 73rd birthday.
1840 ~ Claude Monet (né Oscar-Claude Monet; d. Dec. 5, 1926), French impressionist painter. He died 3 weeks after his 86th birthday.
1805 ~ Fanny Mendelssohn (d. May 14, 1847), German composer and pianist. She was the sister of Felix Mendelssohn and the granddaughter of Mendelssohn. She died of complications of a stroke at age 41.
1765 ~ Robert Fulton (d. Feb. 24, 1815), American inventor and engineer who created the first successful steam ship. He died of consumption at age 49.
1650 ~ William III, King of England (d. Mar. 19, 1702). He was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He reigned with his wife, Mary II, as William and Mary. His date of birth and death is sometimes noted as being November 4, 1650 and March 8, 1702, respectively, because the Julian calendar was in use in England at the time of his birth. He died of pneumonia at age 51.
Events that Changed the World:
2016 ~ A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck in New Zealand.
1995 ~ A budget standoff between the Democrats and Republicans in the United States Congress forced a federal government shutdown, which temporarily closed national parks and museums.
1979 ~ United States President Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) issued an Executive Order freezing all Iranian assets in the United States in response to the hostage crisis.
1973 ~ Britain’s Princess Anne (b. 1950) married Captain Mark Phillips (b. 1948) in Westminster Abby. They divorced in 1992.
1969 ~ NASA launched Apollo 12. This was the second manned mission to the surface of the moon. The mission ended on November 24 when the craft landed back on Earth.
1967 ~ Theodore Maiman (1927 ~ 2007) was granted a patent for his ruby laser systems, which were the first known lasers.
1960 ~ Ruby Bridges (b. 1954) became the African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in Louisiana. United States Marshals escorted her to the William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. She was six years old. The event was depicted in a painting by Norman Rockwell.
1956 ~ The Knesset agreed to an Israeli withdrawal from the territory captured during the Sinai campaign.
1941 ~ German forces in Slonim, Russia, began Operation Barbarossa and murdered 9000 Jews in a single day.
1940 ~ The city of Coventry, England was heavily bombed by German bombers during World War II. Coventry Cathedral was almost completely destroyed.
1935 ~ The Nazis began the First Implementation Order to the Reich Citizenship, which defined a Jew as “a person descended from at least three grandparents who were full Jews by race.”
1922 ~ The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) began its radio service in the United Kingdom.
1918 ~ Czechoslovakia became a republic.
1889 ~ Journalist Nellie Bly (née Elizabeth Cochran, 1864 ~ 1922) began to trip around the world. She hoped to circumnavigate the world in less than 80 days and succeeded by completing the trip in 72 days.
1886 ~ German inventor Friedrich Soennecken (1848 ~ 1919) filed a patent for the two-hole punch.
1851 ~ Herman Melville’s novel, Moby Dick, was first published.
Good-Byes:
2016 ~ Gwen Ifill (née Gwendolyn Ifill, b. Sept. 29, 1955), African-American journalist and newscaster. She died of endometrial cancer at age 61.
2014 ~ Glen Larson (né Glen Albert Larson; b. Jan. 3, 1937), American writer-producer who churned out hit television shows. He created such shows as Battleship Galactica and Quincy, M.D. He died at age 77.
2014 ~ Jane Byrne (née Jayne Margaret Burke, b. May 24, 1933), American politician and first female mayor of Chicago. She was the City’s 50th Mayor and served from April 1979 until April 1983. She died of complications of a stroke at age 81.
2014 ~ Eugene Dynkin (b. May 11, 1924), Russian-born mathematician. He died at age 90 in Ithaca, New York.
1990 ~ Malcolm Muggridge (né Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge; b. Mar. 24, 1903), British journalist and satirist. He was a British soldier and spy during World War II. He helped to bring Mother Teresa to popular attention in the West. He died at age 87.
1971 ~ Johanna Neumann (née Johanna von Caemmerer; b. Feb. 12, 1914), German-born British mathematician. She was born in what is today a district of Berlin. She moved to England in 1933 to follow Bernhard Neumann, her fiancé, who was Jewish, to escape the Nazis. She died of a cerebral aneurysm at age 57.
1956 ~ Elisabeth of Romania (b. Oct. 12, 1894). She was the Queen consort of the Hellenes. She was married to George II of Greece. She died just over a month after her 62nd birthday.
1918 ~ Robert Anderson Van Wyck (b. July 20, 1849), Mayor of New York City. He was the first Mayor of New York after the consolidation of the 5 boroughs into the City of Greater New York in 1898. He was Mayor from January 1898 through December 1901. He died at age 69.
1916 ~ Saki (né Hector Hugh Munro; b. Dec. 18, 1870), British short story writer. He was killed by a German sniper during World War I. He died just over a month before his 46th birthday.
1915 ~ Booker T. Washington (né Booker Taliaferro Washington, b. Apr. 5, 1856), African-American educator and civil rights activist. The actual date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been born on April 5, 1856. He died at age 59.
1908 ~ Guangxu (b. Aug. 14, 1871), 11th Chinese Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He reigned from February 1875 until his death at age 37.
1831 ~ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (b. Aug. 27, 1770), German philosopher. He died at age 61.
1716 ~ Gottfried Leibniz (né Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; b. July 1, 1646), German mathematician. He died at age 70.
1687 ~ Nell Gwynne (née Eleanor Gwyn, b. Feb. 2, 1650), mistress of King Charles II of England. She died at age 37.
976 ~ Emperor Taizu of Song (b. Mar. 21, 927), Chinese emperor who was the founder and first emperor of the Song Dynasty. He was Emperor from February 960 until his death in November 16 years later. He died at age 49.
565 ~ Justinian the Great, Byzantine Emperor (b. May 11, 482). The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 83 years old at the time of his death.
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