Birthdays:
1989 ~ Dakota Johnson (née Dakota Mayi Johnson), American actress and daughter of Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson.
1976 ~ Ueli Steck (d. Apr. 30, 2017), Swiss daredevil mountaineer who raced up peaks. He died at age 40 from a fall while training in the Himalayas.
1967 ~ Liev Schreiber (né Isaac Leiv Schreiber), American actor.
1946 ~ Chuck Hagel (né Charles Timothy Hagel), 24th United States Secretary of Defense. He served under President Barack Obama. He served in that Office from February 2013 until February 2015.
1946 ~ Susan Sarandon (née Susan Abigail Tomalin), American actress.
1943 ~ H. Rap Brown (né Herbert Gerold Brown), African-American civil rights activist. He converted to Islam and became known as Jimal Abdullah Al-Amin. He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1941 ~ Roy Blount, Jr. (né Roy Alton Blunt, Jr.), American journalist. He is also a frequent panelist on Wait, Wait, Don’t Tell Me!
1941 ~Anne Rice (née Howard Allen Frances O’Brien), American Gothic novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana.
1938 ~ Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was known for developing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance methods for studying biological macromocules.
1937 ~ Jackie Collins (née Jacqueline Jill Collins; b. Sept. 19, 2015), British-American author who wrote about lust and power. She died of breast cancer less than three weeks before her 78th birthday.
1928 ~ James Forman (d. Jan. 10, 2005), African-American civil rights pioneer who espoused confrontation. He was a leader in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. He died of colon cancer at age 76.
1928 ~ Alvin Toffler (d. June 27, 2016), American futurist who foresaw the Information Age. He is best known for his 1970 book Future Shock, which focused on information overload. He died at age 87.
1923 ~ Charlton Heston (né John Charles Carter; d. Apr. 5, 2008), American actor and advocate for the National Rifle Association. He died at age 84.
1923 ~ Charles Lazarus (né Charles Philip Lazarus; d. Mar. 22, 2018), American retail pioneer who build a toy empire. In 1957, he opened the first Toys-R-Us store. Ironically, the chain stores closed and the company filed for bankruptcy just a week before his death at age 94.
1922 ~ Malcolm Baldridge, Jr. (né Howard Malcolm Baldridge, Jr.; d. July 25, 1987), American businessman and 26th United States Secretary of Commerce. He served under President Ronald Reagan. He served as the Secretary of Commerce from January 1981 until his death at age 64 in July 1987. He died following injuries sustained in a rodeo accident.
1918 ~ Kenichi Fukui (d. Jan. 9, 1998), Japanese chemist and recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the mechanisms of chemical reactions. He died at age 79.
1916 ~ Jan Murray (né Murray Janofsky; d. July 2, 2006), American comedian and game show host. He died at age 89.
1916 ~ Vitaly Ginzburg (d. Nov. 8, 2009), Russian-born theoretical physicist who worked on the H-bomb. He was the recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 93.
1914 ~ Fred Kummerow (né Friedrich August Kummerow; d. May 31, 2017), German-born American biochemist who got trans fats out of American diets. He died at age 102.
1906 ~ Mary Celine Fasenmyer (d. Dec. 27, 1997), Catholic nun and mathematician. She was known as Sister Celine and was best known for her work in linear algebra. She died at age 91.
1895 ~ Buster Keaton (né Joseph Frank Keaton; d. Feb. 1, 1966), American silent screen comedic actor. He died of lung cancer at age 70.
1892 ~ Gaston Chevrolet (d. Nov. 25, 1920), French-born American race car driver. He was killed at age 28 during a race.
1880 ~ Damon Runyon (né Alfred Damon Runyon; d. Dec. 10, 1946), American newspaperman and short story writer. He died of throat cancer at age 66.
1876 ~ Florence Eliza Allen (d. Dec. 31, 1932), American mathematician and women’s rights activist. She died at age 84.
1868 ~ Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (d. Mar. 23, 1942), 20th President of Argentina. He served as President from October 1922 until October 1928. He died at age 72.
1861 ~ Frederic Remington (né Frederic Sackrider Remington; d. Dec. 26, 1909), American artist best known for his depictions of the American West. He died at age 48 of complications following an emergency appendectomy.
1822 ~ Rutherford B. Hays (né Rutherford Birchard Hayes; d. Jan. 17, 1893), 19th President of the United States. He served as President from March 1877 until March 1881. He previously served as Governor of Ohio for two non-consecutive terms. He died at age 70.
1814 ~ Jean-François Millet (d. Jan. 20, 1875), French painter. He died at age 60.
1810 ~ Eliza Johnson (née Eliza McCardle; d. Jan. 15, 1876), American wife of President Andrew Johnson. They married in March 1827. She became the First Lady at age 54 when President Johnson assumed the presidency. She served in that role April 1965 until March 1869. She died at age 65.
1759 ~ Louis François Antoine Arbogast (d. Apr. 18, 1803), French mathematician. He died at age 43.
1562 ~ Christen Søensen Longomontanus (d. Oct. 8, 1647), Danish mathematician and astronomer. He died 4 days after his 85th birthday.
1550 ~ King Charles IX of Sweden (d. Oct. 30, 1611). He was King from March 1604 until his death in October 1611. He died 26 days after his 61st birthday.
1515 ~ Lucas Cranach the Younger (d. Jan. 25, 1586), German painter. He died at age 70.
1289 ~ King Louis X of France (b. June 5, 1316). French king who reigned from November 1314 until his death in June 1316. He was known as Louis the Stubborn. He was 26 at the time of his death. His death has been attributed to pneumonia but there is some suspicion that he was poisoned.
Events that Changed the World:
2014 ~ Yom Kippur.
2010 ~ The Ajka plant accident in Hungary leaked about 35 million cubic feet of liquid alumina sludge contaminating the Marcal and Danube rivers. The accident also killed nine people and injured over 120 others.
2006 ~ Julian Assange (b. 1971) launched Wikileaks.
2003 ~ A suicide bomber entered Maxim Restaurant in Haifa, Israel, killing 21 Jewish and Arab Israelis and injuring over 51 others.
1988 ~ Televangelist Jim Baker (b. 1940) was indicted for fraud.
1976 ~ Barbara Walters (b. 1929) became the first woman to co-anchor the ABC evening news.
1966 ~ Lesotho, a country surrounded by the Republic of South Africa, gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Prior to its independence, the country was known as Basutoland.
1965 ~ Pope Paul VI (1897 ~ 1978) became the first Pope to visit the Western Hemisphere when he arrived in New York City.
1963 ~ Hurricane Flora killed over 6,000 people when it hit Cuba and Haiti.
1960 ~ Eastern Airlines Flight 375 crashed upon take-off from Boston’s Logan International Airport after hitting a bird. Of the 72 passengers aboard, 62 were killed.
1958 ~ The Fifth Republic of France was established.
1957 ~ Leave it to Beaver made its television debut. The final episode ran on June 20, 1963.
1957 ~ Sputnik 1 became the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth.
1927 ~ Gutzon Borglum (1867 ~ 1941) began sculpting the presidential faces on Mount Rushmore. Construction on the faces ended in 1941
1883 ~ The Orient Express made its maiden run. The Orient Express ran until December 2009.
1876 ~ Texas A&M University was established as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, becoming the first institute of higher education in Texas.
1853 ~ The Crimean War began after the Ottoman Empire declared war on the Russian Empire.
1830 ~ Belgium became a separate country after separating from The Netherlands.
1824 ~ Mexico became a federal republic and adopted a new constitution.
1582 ~ The Gregorian Calendar, named for Pope Gregory XIII (1502 ~ 1585) was implemented in several European countries. October 4 was immediately followed by October 15, causing some people to fear that they had “lost” 11 days of their lives. The fundamental rationale for the implementation of the new calendar was to standardize the celebration dates of major Christian holidays. In Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain, the first countries to implement the calendar, the days went from October 4 to October 15. Other countries followed over the next several years.
1535 ~ The first complete English-language Bible was printed. It was known as the Coverdale Bible. William Tyndale (1494 ~ 1536) and Miles Coverdale (1488 ~ 1569) translated it into English.
Goodbyes:
2018 ~ Will Vinton (né William Gale Vinton; b. Nov. 17, 1947), American animator who made the California Raisins come alive. He is best known for his work in clay, known as Claymation. He died of multiple myeloma at age 70.
2014 ~ Baby Doc Duvalier (né Jean-Claude Duvalier; b. July 3, 1951), President and brutal dictator of Haiti from 1971 until 1986, when he was overthrown in a popular uprising. He succeeded his father, François Duvalier, who was known as Papa Doc. He died of a heart attack at age 63.
2013 ~ Võ Nguyên Giáp (b. Aug. 25, 1911), Vietnamese general who ousted France and America from Vietnam. He died at age 102.
2005 ~ Stanley K. Hathaway (né Stanley Knapp Hathaway; b. July 19, 1924), 40th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Gerald Ford from June 1975 until October 1975. He died at age 81.
2004 ~ Gordon Cooper (né Leroy Gordon Cooper; b. Mar. 6, 1927), American astronaut who piloted the final Mercury spaceflight in 1963. He was one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts. He died of heart failure at age 77.
2001 ~ Ahron Soloveichik (b. May 1, 1917), Russian rabbi and biblical scholar. He died at age 84.
2000 ~ Michael Smith (b. Apr. 26, 1932), British-born Canadian biochemist and recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis. He died at age 68.
1999 ~ Leonard Shoen (né Leonard Samuel Schoen; b. Feb. 29, 1916), American businessman and founder of the U-Haul Company. He died at age 83 in a car crash that was determined to be a suicide.
1989 ~ Graham Chapman (né Graham Arthur Chapman; b. Jan. 8, 1941), British actor and comedian. He was one of the six members of Monty Python. He died of cancer at age 48.
1974 ~ Anne Sexton (née Anne Gray Harvey; b. Nov. 9, 1928), American poet. She was from Massachusetts. She died by suicide about a month before her 46th birthday.
1973 ~ Anna Vaughn Hyatt Huntington (née Anna Vaughn Hyatt; b. Mar. 10, 1876), American sculptor. She was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She died in Redding, Connecticut at age 97.
1970 ~ Janis Joplin (née Janis Lyn Joplin; b. Jan. 19, 1943), American singer. She was born in Port Arthur, Texas. She died of a drug overdose at age 27.
1968 ~ Francis Biddle (né Francis Beverley Biddle, b. May 19, 1886), 58th Attorney General. He served under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman during World War II from August 1941 until June 1945. He had previously served as the 24th United States Solicitor General from January 1940 until August 1941. Prior to that, he had served as a Federal Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit. He also served as the primary judge at the Nuremberg Trials. He died in Wellfleet, Massachusetts at age 82.
1951 ~ Henrietta Lacks (née Loretta Pleasant; b. Aug. 1, 1920), African-American woman whose cancerous cervical cells were the first known to survive in culture. These cells are known as HeLa cells, and are used today to aid in medical research. She died of cervical cancer at age 31. Her story is depicted in the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot.
1947 ~ Max Planck (né Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck; b. Apr. 23, 1858), German theoretical physicist and recipient of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research in quantum theory. He died at age 89.
1944 ~ Al Smith (né Alfred Emanuel Smith; b. Dec. 30, 1873), 42nd Governor of New York. He served as Governor from January 1923 through December 1928. He was also a Democratic candidate for president in the 1928 election. He died at age 70.
1904 ~ Carl Josef Bayer (b. Mar. 4, 1847), Austrian chemist who invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite. He died at age 57.
1904 ~ Frédéric Bartholdi (né Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi; b. Aug. 2, 1834), French sculptor and designer of the Statue of Liberty. He died at age 70.
1890 ~ Catherine Booth (née Catherine Mumford; d. Jan. 17, 1829), British theologian and co-founder of The Salvation Army along with her husband, William Booth (1829 ~ 1912). She died of breast cancer at age 61.
1859 ~ Karl Baedeker (né Karl Ludwig Johannes Baedeker; b. Nov. 3, 1801), German author and publisher. He was the founder of the Baedeker Publishing Company. He died a month before his 58th birthday.
1858 ~ Marie-Louise Lachapelle (b. Jan. 1, 1769), French midwife and head of obstetrics at the Hôtel-Dieu in Parish. She argued against the use of forceps during birth. She is considered the Mother of Modern Obstetrics. She died of stomach cancer at age 52.
1669 ~ Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (b. July 15, 1606), Dutch painter. He died at age 63.
1582 ~ St. Teresa of Ávila (b. Mar. 28, 1515), Spanish nun, mystic and saint. She died at age 67.
1160 ~ Constance of Castile (b. 1141), Queen of France. She was the second wife of King Louis VII of France. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been in her early 20s when she died in childbirth.
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