Birthdays:
1954 ~ Roz Chast (née Rosalind Chast), American cartoonist. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1948 ~ Elizabeth Blackburn (née Elizabeth Helen Blackburn), Australian-born biochemist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She holds dual citizenship with the United States and Australia. She was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
1943 ~ Marilynne Robinson (née Marilynne Summers Robinson), American novelist and essayist. She was the recipient of the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. She was born in Sandpoint, Idaho.
1939 ~ Wayland Flowers (né Wayland Parrott Flowers, Jr.; d. October 11, 1988), American actor and puppeteer. He was born in Dawson, Georgia. He died at age 48 in Los Angeles, California.
1939 ~ Tina Turner (née Anna Mae Bullock; d. May 24, 2023), American musician and explosive singer of soul and grit. She was known as the Queen of Rock ‘n Roll. In 2013, she became a Swiss citizen. She was born in Brownsville, Tennessee. She died at age 83 in Zürich, Switzerland.
1938 ~ Porter Goss (né Porter Johnston Goss), 1st Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and last Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). He served during the George W. Bush administration from April 2005 until March 2006. He had previous served as a United States Representative from Florida. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut.
1938 ~ Rich Little (né Richard Caruthers Little), Canadian comedian, impressionist, and voice actor. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
1936 ~ Margaret Boden (née Margaret Ann Boden), British computer scientist and professor. She is known for her work in artificial intelligence.
1933 ~ Robert Goulet (né Robert Gérard Goulet; d. Oct. 30, 2007), American actor and singer. He was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He died 27 days before his 74th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1931 ~ Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Argentine activist, and recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to Argentina’s last civil-military dictatorship. He is also an artist and sculptor. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1929 ~ Murray Saltzman (d. Jan. 5, 2010), Reform Jewish rabbi and civil rights leader. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 80 of pancreatic cancer in Fort Myers, Florida.
1926~ Albert Maysles (d. Mar. 5, 2015), American filmmaker. Albert, along with his brother David (1931 ~ 1987), transformed the documentary. They are best known for the film, Grey Gardens. He was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts. He died in Manhattan, New York. He was 88 years old at the time of his death.
1922 ~ Charles M. Schultz (né Charles Monroe Schultz; d. Feb. 12, 2000), American cartoonist and creator of Charlie Brown. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He died of colon cancer at age 77 in Santa Rosa, California.
1921 ~ Françoise Gilot (née Marie Françoise Gilot; d. June 6, 2023), French painter and artist. She is best known for her decades-long relationship with Pablo Picasso, with whom she had 2 children. They met when she was just 21 and he was 61. She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She died at age 101 in New York, New York.
1918 ~ Patricio Aylwin (d. Apr. 19, 2016), 32nd President of Chile. He served as President from March 1990 until March 1994. He was born in Viña del Mar, Chile. He died at age 97 in Santiago, Chile.
1912 ~ Eric Sevareid (né Arnold Eric Sevareid; d. July 9, 1992), American journalist. He was born in Velva, North Dakota. He died of stomach cancer at age 79 in Washington, D.C.
1909 ~ Eugène Ionesco (d. Mar. 28, 1994), Romanian-French playwright. He was born in Slatina, Romania. He died at age 84 in Paris, France.
1907 ~ Dr. Ruth Patrick (née Ruth Myrtle Patrick; d. Sept. 23, 2013), American naturalist who stood guard over United States Rivers. She received her Ph.D. in botany in the 1930s. She was born in Topeka, Kansas. She died at age 105 in Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania.
1905 ~ Emlyn Williams (né George Emlyn Williams; d. Sept. 25, 1987), Welsh writer. He was born in Mostyn, Flintshire, Wales. He died at age 81 of cancer in London, England.
1903 ~ Alice Herz-Sommer (d. Feb. 23, 2014), Czech-born pianist whose spirit survived the Holocaust. She was interned at the Theresienstadt concentration camp. She died at age 110 in London, England.
1902 ~ Maurice McDonald (né Maurice James McDonald; d. Dec. 11, 1971), American fast-food entrepreneur and co-founder, along with his brother Richard McDonald (1909 ~ 1998), of McDonald’s. He was born in Manchester, New Hampshire. Richard died at age 89 in Bedford, New Hampshire; Maurice died of heart disease 14 days after his 69thbirthday in Palm Springs, California.
1900 ~ Anna Maurizio (d. July 24, 1994), Swiss biologist and entomologist. She is best known for her study of bees. She was born in Zürich, Switzerland. She died at age 92 in Liebefeld, Switzerland.
1899 ~ Bruno Hauptmann (né Bruno Richard Hauptmann; d. Apr. 3, 1936), German convicted kidnapper and killer of the son of Charles Lindbergh. He was executed for his crime although there has been some question as to whether or not he was actually guilty. He was executed at the Trenton State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey. He was 36 years old.
1898 ~ Karl Ziegler (né Karl Walderman Ziegler; d. Aug. 12, 1973), German chemist and recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on polymers. He died at age 74.
1895 ~ Bill W. (né William Griffith Wilson; d. Jan. 24, 1971), American co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. His organization is often called Friends of Bill W. He was born in East Dorset, Vermont. He died at age 75 in Miami, Florida.
1894 ~ Norbert Wiener (d. Mar. 18, 1964), American mathematician. He was born in Columbia, Missouri. He died of a heart attack at age 69 in Stockholm, Sweden.
1879 ~ Belle da Costa Greene (née Belle Marion Greener; d. May 10, 1950), African-American librarian. She passed for white and became the personal librarian to J.P. Morgan. She was born in Washington, D.C. She died in New York, New York at age 70. A fictional version of her life was portrayed in the 2021 novel The Personal Librarian by Marie Benedict and Victoria Christopher Murray.
1876 ~ Willis Carrier (né Willis Haviland Carrier; d. Oct. 7, 1950), American engineer and inventor of modern air conditioning. He was born in Angola, New York. He died at age 73 in New York, New York.
1869 ~ Princess Maud of Wales (née Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; d. Nov. 20, 1938), Queen consort of Norway. She was married to Haakon VII, King of Norway (1872 ~ 1957). They married in 1896. They were the parents of Olav V, King of Norway. She was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was the youngest daughter of Edward VII, King of Great Britain and Princess Alexandra of Denmark. She died of heart failure 6 days before her 69th birthday, and on the 13th anniversary of her mother’s death.
1861 ~ Albert B. Fall (né Albert Bacon Fall; d. Nov. 30, 1944), 28th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Warren G. Harding from March 1921 until March 1923. He is best known for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal. Before joining the Harding Administration, he served as a United States Senator from New Mexico. He was born in Frankfort, Kentucky. He died 4 days after his 83rd birthday in El Paso, Texas.
1858 ~ Katharine Drexel (née Catherine Mary Drexel; d. Mar. 3, 1955), American nun and Roman Catholic Saint. In 1925, she founded what became known as Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 2000, she was canonized by the Catholic Church as a saint. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died at age 96 in Bensalem, Pennsylvania.
1853 ~ Bat Masterson (né Bartholemew William Barclay Masterson; d. Oct. 25, 1921), American journalist, buffalo hunter, gambler, and western lawman. He was born in Henryville, Quebec, Canada. He died of a heart attack a month before his 68th birthday in New York, New York.
1847 ~ Maria Fyodorovna (née Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar; d. Oct. 13, 1928), Empress consort of Russia and Danish wife of Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (1845 ~ 1894). They married in 1866 Before her marriage, she was known as Princess Dagmar of Denmark. They had several children, including Nicholas II, Tsar of Russian..She was of the House of Glücksburg. She was the daughter of Christian IX, King of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel. She was Lutheran but converted to Russian Orthodox upon her marriage. She died at age 80.
1832 ~ Mary Edwards Walker (d. Feb. 21, 1919), American physician, abolitionist and prisoner of war. She served during the American Civil War and as of 2018, she was still the only woman to be awarded the Medal of Honor. She was captured by the Confederate Army and was held a prisoner of war until a prisoner exchange was made. She was born and died in Oswego, New York. She died at age 86.
1827 ~ Ellen G. White (née Ellen Gould Harmon; d. July 16, 1915), American author and religious leader. She was a co-founder of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. She was born in Gorham, Maine. She died at age 87 in California.
1792 ~ Sarah Moore Grimké (d. Dec. 23, 1873), American author and abolitionist. She is considered the mother of the women’s suffrage movement. She was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She died less than a month after her 81stbirthday in Hyde Park, Massachusetts.
1609 ~ Henry Dunster (d. Feb. 27, 1659), English-American clergyman and academic. He became the first President of Harvard College. The date of his birth is not known, but he was baptized on November 26, 1609. He was born in England. He died at age 49 in what is now Scituate, Massachusetts.
1607 ~ John Harvard (d. Sept. 14, 1638), English-American clergyman whose deathbed bequest provided the seed funding for a school of higher education, which was first known as Harvard College, and lager became known as Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died at age 30 of tuberculosis in Charlestown, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1604 ~ Johannes Bach (d. 1673), German composer and musician. He is the patriarch of the Bach family of musicians. The exact date of his death is not known. He was buried on May 13, 1673. He is believed to have died at age 68.
1436 ~ Infanta Catarina of Portugal (d. June 17, 1463), member of the Portuguese royal family. She never married and turned to a religious life. She was of the House of Aviz. She was the daughter of Edward, King of Portugal and Infanta Eleanor of Aragon. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 26.
656 ~ Zhongzong (d. July 3, 710), 4th Chinese Emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He died at age 53.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ The World Health Organization classified a new variant (B.1.1.539) of the Covid-19 virus as a Variant of Concern. The variant would be named Omicron on November 30, 2021. Omicron would prove to be far more infectious than previous variants.
2020 ~ Thanksgiving in the United States. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which was surging, people were requested not to travel this year.
2019 ~ A 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck in Albania. Fifty-two people were killed and over 1000 were injured.
2015 ~ Thanksgiving Day in the United States.
2009 ~ Thanksgiving Day in the United States.
2003 ~ The SST Concorde made it final commercial flight.
2000 ~ George W. Bush (b. 1946) was certified as the Presidential winner of the Florida Electoral votes. He went on to win the United States Presidential election despite losing in the national popular vote.
1986 ~ The trial of John Demjanjuk (1920 ~ 2012), a former guard at the Nazi Treblinka extermination camp, began in Jerusalem. He would ultimately be found guilty. He appealed and died before a final judgement could be rendered.
1983 ~ In London, England, a gang of robbers stole 6,800 gold bars from the Brink’s-Mat Vault at Heathrow Airport. Most of the robbers were arrested and convicted, however, the bulk of the gold has not been recovered.
1942 ~ The movie Casablanca, staring Humphrey Bogart (1899 ~ 1957) and Ingrid Bergman (1915 ~ 1982), premiered.
1922 ~ Howard Carter (1874 ~ 1939) and George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (1866 ~ 1923) became the first people to enter the tomb of King Tut (the Pharaoh Tutankhamun) in over 3000 years. The tomb had been discovered a few days earlier, on November 4, 1922.
1909 ~ The Jewish fraternity, Sigma Alpha Mu, also known as “Sammy”, was founded by 8 Jewish men at City College of New York.
1863 ~ President Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) proclaimed November 26 as a National Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated on the last Thursday of November. Since 1941, the holiday has been celebrated on the 4th Thursday of the month.
1842 ~ The University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, was founded.
1789 ~ President George Washington (1732 ~ 1799) proclaimed and recommended a national day of Thanksgiving, which was subsequently approved by Congress.
1778 ~ Captain James Cook (1728 ~ 1779) became the first European to visit Maui in the Hawaiian Islands.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Stephen Sondheim (né Stephen Joshua Sondheim; b. Mar. 22, 1930), American composer and songwriter. He was the songwriter who became musical theater’s Shakespeare. He reinvented American musical theater. He made his musical debut with the lyrics for West Side Story in 1957. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died at age 91 in Roxbury, Connecticut.
2018 ~ Stephen Hillenburg (né Stephen McDannell Hillenburg; b. Aug. 21, 1961), American animator and creator of SpongeBob SquarePants. He was also a marine scientist and educator. He was born in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He died of ALS at age 57 in San Marino, California.
2018 ~ Bernardo Bertolucci (b. Mar. 16, 1941), Italian film director who shocked the world. He is best known for his film Last Tango in Paris. He was born in Parma, Italy. He died of lung cancer at age 77 in Rome, Italy.
2018 ~ Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington (née Jean Alys Campbell-Harris; b. Oct. 23, 1922), British politician and socialite. She was born and died in London, England. She died at age 96.
2015 ~ Amir Aczel (né Amir Dan Aczel; b. Nov. 6, 1950), Israeli mathematics historian. He was born in Haifa, Israel. He died of cancer 20 days after his 65th birthday in Nîmes, France.
2015 ~ Guy Lewis (né Gus Vernon Lewis, II; b. Mar. 19, 1922), the American college basketball coach who led the University Houston Cougars. He was born in Arp, Texas. He died at age 93 in Kyle, Texas.
2014 ~ Frankie Fraser (né Francis Davidson Fraser; b. Dec. 13, 1923), the British vicious gangster who became a beloved celebrity. He spent over 42 years in prison for numerous violent offenses. He was born and died in London, England. He died 17 days before his 91st birthday.
2012 ~ Joseph Murray (né Joseph Edward Murray; b. Apr. 1, 1919), American physician and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He and his team performed the first successful kidney transplant in 1954. He was born in Milford, Massachusetts. He died at age 93 in Boston, Massachusetts.
2005 ~ Stanley Berenstain (né Stanley Melvin Berenstain; b. Sept. 29, 1923), American author and illustration. He, along with his wife, Janice (1922 ~ 2012), created the Berenstain Bears. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 82 in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania.
1999 ~ Ashley Montagu (né Israel Ehrenberg; b. June 28, 1905), British anthropologist. He was born in London, England. He died at age 94 in Princeton, New Jersey.
1981 ~ Max Euwe (né Machgielis Euwe, b. May 20, 1901), Dutch mathematician and World Chess Champion. He was born and died in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He died at age 80.
1976 ~ Cyril Connolly (né Cyril Vernon Connolly; b. Sept. 10, 1903), British literary critic. He was born in Coventry, England. He died at age 71 in London, England.
1973 ~ Charles Evans Whittaker (b. Feb. 22, 1901), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Dwight Eisenhower. He replaced Stanley Forman Reed on the Court. He was replaced by Byron White. He served on the Court from March 1957 until March 1962. He was born in Troy, Kansas. He died of a ruptured abdominal aneurysm at age 73 in Kansas City, Missouri.
1956 ~ Tommy Dorsey, Jr. (né Thomas Francis Dorsey, Jr.; b. Nov. 19, 1905), American bandleader. He was born in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. He died 7 days after his 51st birthday in Greenwich, Connecticut.
1944 ~ Florence Foster Jenkins (née Narcissa Florence Foster, b. July 19, 1868), American socialite and amateur soprano. She was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. She died at age 76 in Manhattan, New York. Her life story was depicted in the 2016 movie, Florence Foster Jenkins, which starred Meryl Streep.
1943 ~ Butch O’Hare (né Edward Henry O’Hare; b. Mar. 13, 1914), American flying ace. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He was shot down during a mission over the Gilbert Islands in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. He was 29 years old. The O’Hare Airport in Chicago is named in his honor.
1915 ~ Washington Atlee Burpee (b. Apr. 5, 1858), Canadian horticulturist and founder of the Burpee Seed Company. He was born in Sheffield, New Brunswick, Canada. He died at age 57 in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
1883 ~ Sojourner Truth (née Isabella Baumfree; b. 1797), former slave and American abolitionist. Although the exact date of her birth is not known, she is believed to have been 86 years old at the time of her death.
1842 ~ Robert Smith (b. Nov. 3, 1757), 6th United States Secretary of State. He served under President James Madison from March 1809 until April 1811. He had previously served as the 2nd United States Secretary of the Navy under President Thomas Jefferson. He served in that position from July 1801 until March 1809. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He died in Baltimore, Maryland 23 days after his 85th birthday.
1836 ~ John McAdam (né John Loudon McAdam; b. Sept. 23, 1756), Scottish engineer, road builder and inventor. Without his invention would we still be driving on dirt roads? He died at age 80.
1829 ~ Bushrod Washington (b. June 5, 1762), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President John Adams. He replaced James Wilson on the High Court. He was succeeded by Henry Baldwin. He served from December 1798 until his death at age 67 in November 1829. He was born in Mount Holly, Virginia. He died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1807 ~ Oliver Ellsworth (b. Apr. 29, 1745), 3rd Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President George Washington. He replaced John Rutledge on the Court. He was succeeded by John Marshall. He served on the Court from March 1796 until September 1800. He was born and died in Windsor, Connecticut. He died at age 62.
1717 ~ Daniel Purcell (b. 1664), English composer. The exact date of his birth is not known.
1504 ~ Isabella I, Queen of Castile (b. Apr. 22, 1451). She ruled Castile from December 1474 until her death. She, along with her husband, Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (1452 ~ 1516), were the Catholic Monarchs who implemented the Spanish Inquisition. Together they unified Spain into one state. She also reorganized the government, lowed the crime rate, and paid off the major debts that her brother had accrued. She was a patron of Christopher Columbus. She was of the House of Trastámara. She was the daughter of John II, King of Castile and Isabella of Portugal. She died at age 53.
399 ~ Pope Siricius (b. 334). He was Pope from December 384 until his death on this date 15 years later. The date of his birth is not known.
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