Birthdays:
1979 ~ Pink (née Alecia Beth Moore; b. Sept. 8, 1979), American singer and musician. She was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
1960 ~Aimee Mann, American singer-songwriter. She was born in Richmond, Virginia.
1959 ~ Charlie Trottler (né Charles Trottler, d. Nov. 5, 2013), Chicago chef who refined American cuisine. He was born in Wilmette, Illinois. He died of a stroke at age 54 in Chicago, Illinois.
1954 ~ Ruby Bridges (née Ruby Nell Bridges), African-American civil rights activist. She was the first African-American child to integrate the segregated schools in New Orleans during the New Orleans school desegregation crisis in 1960. She was born in Tylertown, Mississippi.
1950 ~ Zachary Richard, Cajun, and Zydeco musician from Louisiana. He was born in Scott, Louisiana.
1947 ~ Ann Beattie, American novelist. She was born in Washington, D.C.
1946 ~ Aziz Sancar, Turkish-born American biochemist, and recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Savur, Mardin, Turkey.
1941 ~ Bernie Sanders (né Bernard Sanders), Democratic United States Senator from Vermont. He assumed the office of Senator in January 2007. He was also a 2016 and 2020 Presidential hopeful. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1938 ~ Adrian Cronauer (né Adrian Joseph Cronauer; d. July 18, 2018), American United States airman and innovative disc jockey who inspired the 1987 movie, Good Morning, Vietnam. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He died at age 79 in Troutville, Virginia.
1938 ~ Sam Nunn (né Samuel Augustus Nunn, Jr.), American politician. He served as a Democratic United States Senator from Georgia from November 1972 until January 1997. He was born in Macon, Georgia.
1932 ~ Patsy Cline (née Virginia Patterson Hensley; d. Mar. 5, 1963), American singer. She was born in Winchester, Virginia. She was killed in a private plane crash in Camden, Tennessee. She was 30 years old.
1927 ~ Arthur Cinader (d. Oct. 11, 2017), American founder of J. Crew who sold a preppy dream. He was born in New York, New York. He died just a month after his 90th birthday in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
1927 ~ Marguerite Straus Frank (née Marguerite Straus), French-born mathematician. She is best known for her work in Lie algebra and mathematical programming. She fled with her family from France in 1939 to escape the Nazis.
1925 ~ Peter Sellers (né Richard Henry Sellers; d. July 24, 1980), British comedian and actor. He is best known for his role as Inspector Clouseau in the Pink Panther movies. He was born in Portsmouth, England. He died of a heart attack at age 54 in London, England.
1924 ~ Grace Metalious (née Marie Grace DeRepentigny; d. Feb. 25, 1964), American novelist best known for her novel, Payton Place. She was born in Manchester, New Hampshire. She died at age 39 in Boston, Massachusetts.
1922 ~ Sid Caesar (né Isaac Sidney Caesar; d. Feb. 12, 2014), American comic actor who ruled 1950s television. He was born in Yonkers, New York. He died at age 91 in Beverly Hills, California.
1922 ~ Lyndon LaRouche (né Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche; Jr.; d. Feb. 12, 2019), American conspiracist who longed to be president. He was a politician and political activist. He was born in Rochester, New Hampshire. He died at age 96.
1918 ~ Sir Derek Barton (né Derek Harold Richard Barton; d. Mar. 16, 1998), British organic chemist and recipient of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Gravesend, Kent, England. He died at age 79 in College Station, Texas.
1901 ~ Hendrick Verwoerd (d. Sept. 6, 1966), 7th Prime Minister of South Africa. He was best known for creating and implementing Apartheid in his country. He was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He was stabbed to death 2 days before his 65th birthday during a parliamentary meeting in Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
1900 ~ Tilly Devine (née Matilda Mary Twiss; d. Nov. 24, 1970), English-born Australian crime boss. She became a famous folk figure in Sydney, Australia. She was born in London, England. She died at age 70 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
1900 ~ Claude Pepper (né Claude Denson Pepper; d. May 30, 1989), American politician and Democrat United States Senator from Florida. He was born in Dudleyville, Alabama. He died at age 88 of stomach cancer in Washington, D.C.
1841 ~ Antonín Dvořák (né Antonín Leopold Dvořák; d. May 1, 1904), Czech composer. He died of an undisclosed illness at age 62.
1830 ~ Frédéric Mistral (Joseph Étienne Frédéric Mistral; d. Mar. 25, 1914), French poet and recipient of the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born and died in Maillane, France. He died at age 83.
1828 ~ Joshua Chamberlain (né Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain; d. Feb. 24, 1914), 32nd Governor of Maine. He served as Governor from January 1867 until January 1871. Following his term as Governor, he served as the 6th President of Bowdoin College. He was born in Brewer, Maine. He died at age 85 in Portland, Maine.
1633 ~ Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (d. July 9, 1654). He ruled from May 1653 until his sudden death. He never married. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Ferdinand IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife, Infanta Maria Anna of Spain. He died suddenly of smallpox at age 20.
1588 ~ Marin Mersenne (d. Sept. 1, 1648), French mathematician. He died a week before his 60th birthday in Paris, France.
1271 ~ Charles Martel, King of Hungary (d. Aug. 12, 1295). He was the titular King of Hungary and Croatia. He was married to Clemence of Austria. He was the founder of the House of Anjou-Hungary. He was the son of Charles II, King of Naples and Mary of Hungary. He died of the plague less than a month before his 24th birthday
1209 ~ Sancho II, King of Portugal (d. Jan. 4, 1248). He was known as Sancho the Pious. He reigned from March 1223 until a month before his death. He was married to Mércia Lopes de Haro. He was of the House of Burgundy. He was the son of Afonso II, King of Portugal and Urraca of Castile. He died at age 38.
1157 ~ Richard I, King of England (d. Apr. 6, 1199). He was known as Richard the Lionheart. He was a central commander during the Third Crusade. He ruled from September 1189 until his death 10 years later. He was married to Berengaria of Navarre. He was of the House of Plantagenet-Angevin. He was the son of Henry II, King of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. In late March 1100, he was wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France. A week after his injury he died from an infection after an arrow had been removed from his shoulder. He was 41 years old at the time of his death.
685 ~ Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (d. May 3, 762), 7th Emperor of the Tang dynasty. He was emperor from September 713 until August 756. He died at age 76.
Events that Changed the World:
2017 ~ An 8.1 magnitude earthquake struck the southwestern coast of Mexico.
1988 ~ Yellowstone National Park was closed for the first time since it opened due to forest fires.
1974 ~ President Gerald Ford (1913 ~ 2006) formally pardoned former President Richard Nixon (1913 ~ 1994) of any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office as a result of the Watergate Scandal.
1971 ~ The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., was inaugurated with the premier of Leonard Bernstein’s Mass.
1966 ~ Star Trek premiered on television.
1960 ~ President Dwight David Eisenhower (1890 ~ 1969) formally dedicated the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
1954 ~ The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was established.
1951 ~ Forty-eight nations signed the peace Treaty of San Francisco with Japan, formally recognizing the end of the Pacific War.
1946 ~ In a referendum in Bulgaria favored the abolishing of the monarchy and becoming a republic.
1935 ~ Huey Long (1893 ~ 1935), United States Senator from Louisiana, was shot in the Louisiana State Capitol building. He would die two days later from his wounds.
1930 ~ The 3M company began marketing Scotch transparent tape.
1926 ~ Germany was admitted to the League of Nations.
1916 ~ Sisters Augusta (1884 ~ 1959) and Adeline (1889 ~ 1949) Van Buren completed their 5,500-mile cross-country trip from Brooklyn, New York to San Francisco, California on motorcycles. The trip took them 60 days. They took the trip in hopes that their request to serve as military dispatch riders would be accepted. Their application for military dispatch riders, however, was denied.
1905 ~ A 7.2 magnitude earthquake near Calabria, Italy struck killing up to 2,500 people.
1900 ~ The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 hit Galveston, Texas, killing over 8,000 people. The storm had formed on August 27, 1900 and dissipated on September 15, 1900. This event is described in great detail in the 2000 book by Erik Larson entitled Isaac’s Storm.
1892 ~ The Pledge of Allegiance was first published in the children’s magazine, The Youth’s Companion, as part of the National Public School Celebration of Columbus Day.
1883 ~ The Northern Pacific Railway was completed in a ceremony in Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant (1822 ~ 1885) drove in the final spike of the railroad at the event.
1863 ~ During the Second Battle of Sabine Pass on the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small group of Confederate forces stopped a Union invasion of Texas.
1831 ~ William IV (1765 ~ 1837) and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1792 ~ 1849) were crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1761 ~ George III, King of the United Kingdom (1738 ~ 1820) married the Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744 ~ 1818).
1565 ~ St Augustine, Florida was founded by Pedro Menéndez de Avilé (1519 ~ 1574).
1504 ~ Michelangelo’s David was unveiled in Florence.
1331 ~ Stephen Uroš IV Dušan (1303 ~ 1355) declared himself King of Serbia.
1276 ~ Pope John XXI (1215 ~ 1277) began papacy.
1264 ~ The Statute of Kalisz, promulgated by the Bolesłaus the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland (1220s ~ 1279), guaranteed the safety and personal liberties of the Jews living under his jurisdiction.
1198 ~ Philip of Swabia (1177 ~ 1208) was crowned King of Germany. His reign had begun in March,
Good-Byes:
2015 ~ Merv Adelson (né Mervyn Lee Adelson; b. Oct. 23, 1929), American mogul involved in real estate and television who produced Dallas, but then lost his fortune. He was born and died in Los Angeles, California. He died of cancer at age 85.
2014 ~ Marvin Barnes (né Marvin Jerome Barnes; b. July 27, 1952), American professional basketball star who struggled off-court. He was born and died in Providence, Rhode Island. He died at age 62.
2012 ~ Bill Moggridge (né William Grant Moggridge; b. June 25, 1943), British-born visionary who designed the first laptop computer. He was born in London, England. He died of cancer at age 69 in San Francisco, California.
2012 ~ Thomas Szasz (né Thomas Steven Szasz; b. Apr. 15, 1920), Hungarian-born psychiatrist who attacked his profession. He is best known for being a critic of psychiatry. He was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. He died at age 92 in Manlius, New York.
2009 ~ Aage Bohr (né Aage Niels Bohr; b. June 19, 1922), Danish physicist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also the son of Nobel Laureate, Niels Bohr. He was born and died in Copenhagen, Denmark. He died at age 87.
2003 ~ Leni Riefenstahl (née Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl; b. Aug. 22, 1902), German actress and movie director. She is best known for her propaganda films during the Nazi regime. She was born in Berlin, Germany. She died in Pöcking, Germany of cancer within three weeks following her 101st birthday.
1999 ~ Herbert Stein (b. Aug. 27, 1916), American economist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died 12 days after his 83rd birthday in Washington, D.C.
1985 ~ John Franklin Enders (b. Feb. 10, 1897), American biomedical scientist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with the polio virus. He is known as the Father of Modern Vaccines. He was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He died at age 88 in Waterford, Connecticut.
1981 ~ Hideki Yukawa (b. Jan. 23, 1907), Japanese physicist and recipient of the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physics for his prediction of the pi meson. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. He died at age 74 in Kyoto, Japan.
1980 ~ Willard Libby (né Willard Frank Libby; b. Dec. 17, 1908), American chemist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in carbon dating. He was born in Grand Valley, Colorado. He died of complications from pneumonia at age 71 in Los Angeles, California.
1977 ~ Zero Mostel (né Samuel Joel Mostel; b. Feb. 28, 1815), American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Tevye in the stage version of Fiddler on the Roof. He was born in New York, New York. He died of an aortic aneurysm at age 62 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1970 ~ Percy Spencer (né Percy Lebaron Spencer; b. July 19, 1894), American physicist and inventor. He invented the microwave oven. He was born in Howland, Maine and died in Newton, Massachusetts. He died at age 76.
1965 ~ Hermann Staudinger (b. Mar. 23, 1881), German chemist and recipient of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for showing the existence of macromolecules, which are known as polymers. He was born in Worms, German Empire. He died in Freiberg, West Germany. He was 84 years old.
1965 ~ Joshua Cowen (né Joshua Lionel Cowen; b. Aug. 25, 1877), American businessman and co-founder of the Lionel Company known for model railroads and toy trains. He was born in Queens, New York. He died 14 days after his 88thbirthday in Palm Beach, Florida.
1953 ~ Fred M. Vinson (né Frederick Moore Vinson; b. Jan. 22, 1890), 13th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Harry Truman. He replaced Harlan F. Stone as Chief Justice. Earl Warren succeeded him as the Chief Justice. He served on the Court from June 1946 until his death 8 years later. He had previously served as the 53rd United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Truman administration. He was born in Louisa, Kentucky. He died in Washington, D.C. He died unexpectedly of a heart attack at age 63 while still on the Court.
1949 ~ Richard Strauss (né Richard Georg Strauss; b. June 11, 1864), German composer. He died at age 85.
1935 ~ Carl Weiss, Sr. (né Carl Austin Weiss; b. Dec. 6, 1906), American physician and alleged assassin of Louisiana Senator Huey Long. Weiss was killed by Long’s bodyguards after he allegedly shot Long in the State Capitol building. Huey Long died two days after being shot. He was born and died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was 28 years old at the time of his death.
1933 ~ Faisal I, King of Iraq (b. May 20, 1883). He ruled over Iraq from August 1921 until his death 12 years later. He was married to Huzaima bint Nasser. He was of the House of Hashemite. He was the son of Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and Abdiya bint Abdullah. He was a Sunni Muslim. He died at age 48, which was officially recorded as a heart attack, but may have been due to poisoning.
1895 ~ Adam Opel (b. May 9, 1837), German engineer and founder of the German car company bearing his name. He died at age 58.
1882 ~ Joseph Liouville (b. Mar. 24, 1809), French mathematician. The lunar crater, Liouville, is named in his honor. He was born in Saint-Omer, France. He died at age 73 in Paris, France.
1869 ~ William P. Fessenden (né William Pitt Fessenden, b. Oct. 16, 1806), 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served under President Abraham Lincoln. He served as Treasurer from July 1864 until March 1865. He had subsequently served as a United States Senator from Maine. He was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire and died at age 62 in Portland, Maine.
1853 ~ Frédéric Ozanam (b. Apr. 23, 1813), French scholar and co-founder of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. He was born in Milan, Italy. He died of consumption at age 40 in Marseilles, France.
1784 ~Ann Lee (née Ann Elizabeth Lee; b. Feb. 29, 1736), American religious leader and founder of the Shakers. She was known as Mother Ann Lee. She was born in Manchester, England. She died at age 48 in Watervliet, New York.
1761 ~ Bernard Forest de Bélidor (b. 1698), French mathematician. His work led to the significant development of hydraulics and ballistics. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He was born in Spain. He died in Paris, France.
1682 ~ Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (b. May 23, 1606), Spanish mathematician. He was born in Madrid, Spain. He died at age 76 in Vigevano, Italy.
1650 ~ Princess Elizabeth Stuart (b. Dec. 28, 1635), a member of the British royal family. She was of the House of Stuart. She was the second daughter of Charles I, King of England and Henrietta Maria of France. From the age of 6 until her death at age 14, she was held a prisoner of the English Parliament during the English Civil War. She died of pneumonia at age 14.
1644 ~ Sir John Coke (b. Mar. 5, 1563), English politician. He died at age 81.
1637 ~ Robert Fludd (b. Jan. 17, 1574), British physician, astrologer, and mathematician. He died at age 63 in London, England.
1425 ~ Charles III, King of Navarre (b. 1361). He ruled Navarre from 1387 until his death in 1425. In 1375, he married Eleanor of Castile. He was of the House of Évreaux. He was the son of Charles II, King of Navarre and Joan of Valois. He was Roman Catholic. The exact date of his death is not known. He died at about age 63 or 64.
1100 ~ Antipope Clement III (b. 1029). He was elected Pope in 1080 in opposition to Pope Gregory VII. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
780 ~ Leo IV the Khazar (b. Jan. 25, 750), Byzantine emperor. He ruled the Byzantine Empire from 775 until his death 5 years later. He was married to Irene. He was of the Isaurian Dynasty. He was the son of Constantine V, Byzantine emperor and Empress Tzitzak. He died of a violent fever at age 30.
701 ~ Pope Sergius I (b. 650). He was Pope from December 15, 687 until his death 14 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been 51 at the time of his death.
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