Birthdays:
1989 ~ Ben Luderer (d. Mar. 30, 2020), American special education teacher and high school baseball coach. He died of Covid-19 at age 30.
1956 ~ Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe (né Sebastian Newbold Coe), British athlete. He was the model for the runner in the movie, Chariots of Fire. He was born in London, England.
1955 ~ Gwen Ifill (née Gwendolyn Ifill, d. Nov. 14, 2016), African-American news anchor and journalist who broke down racial barriers. She was born in New York, New York. She died of endometrial cancer at age 61 in Washington, D.C.
1951 ~ Michelle Bachelet, Chilean politician and President of Chile. She served two terms as President. The first term ran from March 2006 until March 2010. Her second term ran from March 2014 to March 2018. She was born in Santiago, Chile.
1943 ~ Lech Wałęsa, Polish politician, trade-union organizer and human-rights activist. He served as the 2nd President of Poland and was the recipient of the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize.
1942 ~ Madeline Kahn (née Madeline Gail Wolfson; d. Dec. 3, 1999), American actress. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died at age 57 of ovarian cancer in New York, New York.
1936 ~ Silvio Berlusconi, Italian politician, and former Prime Minister of Italy. He was born in Milan, Italy.
1935 ~ Jerry Lee Lewis, American musician. He is known as Killer. He was born in Ferriday, Louisiana.
1934 ~ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (né Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi; d. Oct. 20, 2021), Italian psychologist who studied the art of “flow”, a highly focused mental state conductive to productivity. He was born in Flume, Kingdom of Italy. He died less than a month after his 87th birthday in Claremont, California.
1932 ~ Rai Weiss (né Rainer Weiss), German-born, American physicist. He was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work to the LIGO detection and observation of gravitational waves. He is a professor emeritus at MIT and an adjunct professor at LSU. He was born in Berlin, Germany.
1931 ~ Anita Ekberg (née Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg; d. Jan. 11, 2015), Swedish bombshell who lit up La Dolce Vita. She was a former Miss Sweden. She died at age 83 in Rocca di Papa, Italy.
1931 ~ James Cronin (né James Watson Cronin; d. Aug. 25, 2016), American particle physicist and recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died about a month before his 85th birthday in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
1927 ~ Pete McCloskey (né Peter Norton McCloskey, Jr.), American politician. He served as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from California from December 1967 until January 1983. He was born in Loma Linda, California.
1923 ~ Stanley Berenstain (né Stanley Melvin Berenstain; d. Nov. 26, 2005), American author and illustration. He, along with his wife, Janice (1922 ~ 2012), created the Berenstain Bears. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 82 in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania.
1923 ~ Bum Phillips (né Oail Andrew Phillips; d. Oct. 18, 2013), American cowboy who coached the Houston Oilers. He was born in Orange, Texas. He died 19 days after his 90th birthday in Goliad, Texas.
1922 ~ Lizabeth Scott (née Emma Matzo; d. Jan. 31, 2015), American actress known for her smoky voice. She played the femme fatale in many 1940s and 1950s film noir. She was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She died at age 92 in Los Angeles, California.
1920 ~ Peter Mitchell (né Peter Dennis Mitchell; d. Apr. 10, 1992), English biochemist and recipient of the 1878 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of the ATP synthesis. He died at age 71.
1907 ~ George Jenkins (né George Washington Jenkins, Jr.; d. Apr. 8, 1996), American businessman and founder of the Publix grocery store chain. He was born in Warm Springs, Georgia. He died at age 88 in Lakeland, Florida.
1907 ~ Gene Autry (né Orvon Grover Autry; d. Oct. 2, 1998), American actor and cowboy singer. He was known as the Singing Cowboy. He was born in Tioga, Texas. He died 3 days after his 91st birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1904 ~ Greer Garson (née Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson; d. Apr. 6, 1996), British actress. She died in Dallas, Texas at age 91.
1903 ~ Diana Vreeland (née Diana Dalziel; d. Aug. 22, 1989), French-American journalist and columnist. She was best known for working in the fashion magazine industry. She was the Editor-in-Chief of Vogue for many years. She was born in Paris, France. She died about a month before her 86th birthday in New York, New York.
1901 ~ Enrico Fermi (d. Nov. 28, 1954), Italian American nuclear physicist and recipient of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on nuclear processes. He is best known for the development of the first nuclear reactor. Fermium, a synthetic element created in 1952, was named after Fermi. He was born in Rome, Italy. He died at age 53 of stomach cancer in Chicago, Illinois.
1900 ~ Miguel Alemán Valdés (d. May 14, 1983), President of Mexico. He served as President from December 1946 until November 1952. He died at age 82 in Mexico City, Mexico.
1899 ~ László Bíró (né László József Schweiger; d. Oct. 24, 1985), Hungarian inventor who invented the ballpoint pen. He was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He died 25 days after his 86th birthday in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1881 ~ Ludwig von Mises (d. Oct. 10, 1973), Austrian economist. He was born in Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine). He died 11 days after his 92nd birthday in New York, New York.
1864 ~ Miguel de Unanumo y Jugo (d. Dec. 31, 1936), Spanish Basque essayist, novelist and philosopher. He died at age 72.
1838 ~ Henry Hobson Richardson (d. Apr. 27, 1886), American architect. He designed Trinity Church in Copley Square in Boston. He was born in St. James Parish, Louisiana. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts at age 47 of Bright’s disease.
1831 ~ John McAllister Schofield (d. Mar. 4, 1906), 28th United States Secretary of War. He served under Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant from June 1868 until March 1869. He was born in Gerry, New York. He died at age 74 in St. Augustine, Florida.
1803 ~ Jacques Charles François Sturm (d. Dec. 15, 1855), French mathematician. His name is one of 72 engraved at the Eiffel Tower. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. He died in Paris, France at age 52 after a long illness.
1786 ~ Guadalupe Victoria (né José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, d. Mar. 21, 1843), 1st President of the United Mexican States. He was President from October 1824 through March 1829. He died of epilepsy at age 56.
1758 ~ Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (d. Oct. 21, 1805), British admiral. He defeated the French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar in Britain’s greatest naval victory in 1805. He died in battle at less than a month after his 47th birthday.
1703 ~ François Boucher (d. May 30, 1770), French painter. He is best known for his pastoral scenes. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 66.
1561 ~ Adriaan van Roomen (d. May 4, 1615), Flemish mathematician. He died at age 53.
1548 ~ William V, Duke of Bavaria (d. Feb. 7, 1626). He ruled over Bavaria from October 1579 until his abdication in October 1597. He was married to Renata of Lorraine. He was of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the son of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Anna of Austria. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 77.
1547 ~ Miguel de Cervantes (d. Apr. 23, 1616), Spanish author best known for writing Don Quixote. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been born on September 29, 1547. He is believed to have died at age 68.
1518 ~ Tintoretto (né Jacopo Robusti; d. May 31, 1594), Venetian Renaissance painter and artist. He was born and died in Venice, Republic of Venice. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but it is generally ascribed to late September or early October. He died at about age 75.
1402 ~ Infante Fernando of Portugal (d. June 5, 1443). He was known as the Holy Prince. He was involved in the Siege of Tangier and was captured by the rulers of Morocco. He was imprisoned where he eventually died in captivity. He never married. He was of the House of Aviz. He was the youngest son of John I, King of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster. He was Catholic. He died at age 40.
1373 ~ Margaret of Bohemia (d. June 4, 1410), Burgravine consort of Nuremberg. She was married to John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg. She was of the House of Luxembourg. She was the daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his 4th wife, Elizabeth of Pomerania. She died suddenly at age 36.
1276 ~ Christopher II, King of Denmark (d. Aug. 2, 1332). He reigned Denmark from 1320 until 1326, and then again from 1329 until his death. His rule is connected with a national disaster because his rule ended with the almost dissolution of Denmark. He was married to Euphemia of Pomerania. He was of the House of Estridsen. He was the son of Eric V Klipping, King of Denmark and Agnes of Brandenburg. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 55.
1240 ~ Princess Margaret of England (d. Feb. 26, 1275), Queen consort of Scots and first wife of Alexander III, King of Scotland. They married in 1251. She was of the House of Plantagenet. She was the second child of Henry III, King of England and Eleanor of Provence. She died at age 34.
926 ~ Qian Chu (d. Oct. 7, 988), last Chinese king of the Wuyue. He surrendered his kingdom to the Song Dynasty. He died 8 days after his 59th birthday.
106 B.C.E. ~ Pompey (d. 48 B.C.E.), the date the Roman General was considered to have been born. He is believed to have been assassinated 1 day before his 58th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Rosh HaShanah began at sunset.
2017 ~ Yom Kippur began at sunset.
2009 ~ An 8.0 magnitude earthquake near the Samoan Islands caused a tsunami. Over 1,115 people would be killed in this event.
2005 ~ John Roberts (b. 1955) was confirmed as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
1990 ~ The construction of the Washington National Cathedral was completed. Work had begun on this Episcopal Church on September 29, 1907.
1982 ~ The Tylenol murders began when the first of 7 individuals died in Chicago after taking cyanide-laced Tylenol. The first victim was a 12-year-old girl. The individual or individuals who poisoned the Tylenol was never caught, however, this event led to the industry using a new, tamper-proof way of labeling over-the-counter medicines and other consumable products.
1954 ~ The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) was signed.
1951 ~ The college football game between Duke University and the University of Pittsburgh was televised on NBC. It was the first live sporting event that was seen nationwide. Duke defeated Pittsburgh in a score of 19-14.
1941 ~ The Babi Yar Massacre began in in Kyiv when Nazi German forces ordered the murder of Jews during World War II. Nearly 34,000 Jews were murdered in massacre, which lasted 2 days.
1923 ~ The British Mandate for Palestine took effect, which created Mandatory Palestine.
1911 ~ Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
1907 ~ The cornerstone to the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., was laid. Construction would not be complete until September 23, 1990!
1829 ~ The Metropolitan Police of London was founded.
1789 ~ The United States Department of War established a regular army.
1789 ~ The 1st United States Congress adjourned.
1227 ~ Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 ~ 1250), was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX (d. 1241) for his failure to participate in the Crusades.
Goodbyes:
2020 ~ Helen Reddy (née Helen Maxine Reddy; b. Oct. 25, 1941), Austrian musician. She was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. She died at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.
2014 ~ Shotgun Shuba (né George Thomas Shuba; b. Dec. 13, 1924), American professional baseball player who shook hands with history. He is remembered for his role in breaking down the color barrier when, while playing for a farm team in the 1940s, he offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson. He was born and died in Youngstown, Ohio. He died at age 89.
2013 ~ Marcella Hazan (né Marcella Polini; b. Apr. 15, 1924), Italian-born Sephardic cookbook author who redefined Italian cooking. She was born in Cesenatico, Italy. She died at age 89 in Longboat Key, Florida.
2012 ~ Michael Henry Heim (b. Jan. 21, 1943), American translator who gave his all to world literature. He was a professor of Slavic languages and translated many works of literature in Czech, Russian, Dutch, French, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian. He was born in New York, New York. He died of complications from melanoma at age 69 in Los Angeles, California.
2012 ~ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (b. Feb. 5, 1926), American newspaper chief who published the Pentagon Papers the New York Times. He was known as Punch. He was born in New York City. He died in Southampton, New York at age 86.
2011 ~ Sylvia Robinson (née Sylvia Vanterpool, b. Mar. 6, 1935), American singer known as the godmother of hip-hip. She was born in Harlem, New York. She died of congestive heart failure at age 76 in Englewood, New Jersey.
2010 ~ Tony Curtis (né Bernard Schwartz; b. June 3, 1925), American actor and singer. He was the father of actress Jamie Lee Curtis. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 85 in Henderson, Nevada.
2010 ~ Georges Charpak (né Jerzy Charpak, b. Mar. 8, 1924), Ukrainian-born physicist and recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics. During World War II, he served in the resistance. In 1944 he was deported to Dachau, where he remained until he was liberated in 1945. He was born in Dąbrowica, Ukraine (at the time it was in Poland). He died at age 86 in Paris, France.
2007 ~ Katsuko Saruhashi (b. Mar. 22, 1920), Japanese geochemist who turned radioactive fallout into a scientific legacy. She made some of the first measurements of carbon dioxide levels in seawater and subsequently showed the evidence in seawater and the atmosphere of the dangers of radioactive fallout. She was born and died in Toyko, Japan. She died of pneumonia at age 87.
1998 ~ Tom Bradley (né Thomas J. Bradley; b. Dec. 29, 1917), African-American politician and 38th Mayor of Los Angeles. He served as Mayor from July 1973 until July 1993. He was born in Calvert, Texas. He died at age 80 in Los Angeles, California.
1997 ~ Roy Lichtenstein (né Roy Fox Lichtenstein; b. Oct. 27, 1923), American artist. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died of pneumonia at 28 days before his 74th birthday.
1995 ~ Madalyn Murray O’Hair (née Madalyn Mays; b. Apr. 13, 1919), American atheist activist. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In August 1995, she was kidnapped and likely murdered. She was 76 at the time of her kidnapping. The exact date of her death is not known, but September 29, 1995 is often given as the date of her death. Her body has never been found.
1989 ~ Gussie Anheuser Busch (né August Anheuser Busch, b. Mar. 28, 1899), American brewer and grandson of the founder of the Anheuser-Busch brewing company. He was born and died in St. Louis, Missouri. He died at age 90.
1988 ~ Charles Addams (né Charles Samuel Addams; b. Jan. 7, 1912), American cartoonist who became famous for his dark humor. His cartoons were published in The New Yorker. His characters inspired The Addams family, which was a TV series in the 1960s, and later became a Broadway musical. He was born in Westfield, New Jersey. He died at age 76 in Manhattan, New York.
1983 ~ Sir Roy George Douglas Allen (b. June 3, 1906), British economist and mathematician. He died at age 77.
1975 ~ Casey Stengel (né Charles Dillon Stengel; b. July 30, 1890), American professional baseball player and manager. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He died at age 85 in Glendale, California.
1973 ~ W.H. Auden (né Wystan Hugh Auden; b. Feb. 21, 1907), Anglo-American poet. He was born in York, England. He died at age 66 in Vienna, Austria shortly after giving a reading of his poems.
1967 ~ Carson McCullers (née Lula Carson Smith; b. Feb. 19, 1917), American author, best known for her novel, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. She was born in Columbus, Georgia. She died at age 50 of a brain hemorrhage in Nyack, New York.
1937 ~ Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková (b. Jan. 17, 1877), Czech botanist and zoologist. She was the first Czech woman to earn a Ph.D. in this field of science. She was born in Prague. At the time, the city was under the Austria-Hungary regime. She died at age 60.
1927 ~ Willem Einthovern (b. May 21, 1860), Dutch physician and inventor. He was the recipient of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for inventing the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG). He was born in Semarang, Dutch East Indies. He died at age 67 in Leiden, Netherlands.
1925 ~ Léon Bourgeois (né Léon Victor August Bourgeois; b. May 21, 1851), French politician and recipient of the 1920 Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the United Nations. He was the Prime Minister of France, serving from November 1895 until April 1896. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 74.
1913 ~ Rudolf Diesel (né Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel; b. Mar. 18, 1858), French-born German mechanical engineer and inventor of the diesel engine. He developed the first internal-combustion engine in which fuel was ignited without a spark, now known at the diesel. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 55 under mysterious circumstances. He had boarded a steamer ship in the North Sea. After dinner retired to his cabin. He was never seen again and his bed had not been slept in. His clothing, however, was neatly folded beneath an after deck railing, leading to believe he had committed suicide.
1910 ~ Winslow Homer (b. Feb. 24, 1836), American illustrator and painter. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Prouts Neck, Maine. He was 74 years old at the time of his death.
1902 ~ Émile Zola (né Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola; b. Apr. 2, 1840), French novelist and critic. He is best known for his article, J’Accuse, which was instrumental in the exoneration of Alfred Dreyfus, an army officer who had been convicted of a crime simply because he was Jewish. The article brought to light the false accusations against Dreyfus. He was born and died in Paris, France. Zola died at age 62 of carbon monoxide poisoning, which some believe was murder.
1833 ~ Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (b. Oct. 14, 1784). He reigned in Spain from March 1808 until May 1808 when he was overthrown by Napoleon. He regained power again in December 1813 and ruled as an absolute monarch until his death in September 1833. He was married four times. His first wife Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily, was also his cousin. They were married in 1802 until her death of tuberculosis in 1806. There were no children of this marriage. In 1816, he married his niece, Infanta Maria Isabel of Portugal. She died of complications of childbirth in 1818. A year later, he married Princess Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony. She died 10 years later. There were no children of the third marriage. In 1829, he married his fourth wife, Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, who was also his niece. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Charles IV, King of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. He was Roman Catholic. He died 15 days before his 49th birthday.
1804 ~ Michael Hillegas (b. Apr. 22, 1728), American politician and 1st Treasurer of the United States. He served in that office from July 1775 until September 1789. He was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 75.
1560 ~ Gustav I, King of Sweden (né Gustav Eriksson, b. May 12, 1496). He ruled from June 1523 until his death in September 1560. He was known as Gustav Vasa. He was married 3 times. His first wife was Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg. After her death, he married Margaret Leijonhufvud. His third and final wife was Catherine Stenbock. He was of the House of Vasa. He was the son of Erik Johansson Vasa and Cecilia Månsdotter Eka. He is was 64 years old at the time of his death.
1360 ~ Joanna I, Countess of Auvergne (b. May 8, 1326), Queen consort of France through her second marriage. She was married twice. Her first husband was Philip of Burgundy. Following his death, she married John, Duke of Normandy. It was a second marriage for both. A few months after their marriage, John ascended to the French throne and became John II, King of France. Joanna was a Countess in her own right. She was of the House of Auvergne. She was the daughter of William XII, Count of Auvergne and Margaret d’Évreux. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 34.
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