Birthdays:
1970 ~ Jason Lee (né Jason Michael Lee), American actor and comedian. He was born in Santa Ana, California
1969 ~ Renée Zellweger (née Renée Kathleen Zellweger), American actress. She was born in Katy, Texas.
1964 ~ Hank Azaria (né Henry Albert Azaria), American actor. He was born in Queens, New York.
1949 ~ Domique Strauss-Kahn (né Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn), French economist. He was the managing director of the International Monetary Fund from November 2007 until he was forced to resign in May 2011 due to his involvement in a number of financial and sexual scandals.
1946 ~ Talia Shire (né Talia Rose Coppola), American actress. She was born in Lake Success, New York.
1940 ~ Al Pacino (né Alfredo James Pacino), American actor. He was born in New York, New York.
1933 ~ Jerry Leiber (né Jerome Leiber; d. Aug. 22, 2011), American lyricist of the rock ‘n’ roll revolution. He died of heart failure at age 78.
1932 ~ Meadowlark Lemon (né Meadow Lemon, III; d. Dec. 27, 2015), American basketball player and team member of the Harlem Globetrotters. He died at age 83.
1931 ~ Felix Berezin (d. July 14, 1980), Russian mathematician. He drowned at age 49.
1930~ Paul Mazursky (né Irwin Lawrence Mazursky; d. June 30, 2014), American film director. He died of cardiac arrest at age 84.
1917 ~ Ella Fitzgerald (née Ella Jane Fitzgerald; d. June 15, 1996), American jazz singer. She died of diabetes at age 79.
1911 ~ Jack Ruby (né Jacob Leonard Rubenstein; d. Jan. 3, 1967), American assassin of Lee Harvey Oswald. Ruby shot Oswald while the news cameras were rolling while Oswald was being transported from a prison in Dallas. Ruby was convicted of murder. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died in prison of lung cancer at age 55.
1911 ~ Connie Marrero (né Conrado Eugenio Marrero Ramos; d. Apr. 23, 2014), Cuban baseball pitcher who bamboozled batters. He played for the Washington Senators. He died 2 days before his 103rd birthday.
1909 ~ William Pereira (né William Leonard Pereira; d. Nov. 13, 1985), American architect. He is best known for the Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco. He died of cancer at age 76.
1908 ~ Edward R. Murrow (né Egbert Roscoe Murrow; b. Apr. 27, 1965), American journalist. He died of lung cancer 2 days after his 57th birthday.
1906 ~ William Brennan, Jr. (né William Joseph Brennan, Jr.; d. July 24, 1997), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Dwight David Eisenhower. He replaced Sherman Minton on the Court. He served on the Court from October 1956 until July 1990. He was succeeded by David Souter. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died at age 91 in Arlington, Virginia.
1903 ~ Andrey Kolmogorov (né Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov; d. Oct. 20, 1987), Russian mathematician. He died at age 84.
1900 ~ Wolfgang Pauli (né Wolfgang Ernst Pauli; d. Dec. 15, 1958), Austrian theoretical physicist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in quantum physics. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 in Zurich, Switzerland.
1900 ~ Gladwyn Jebb (né Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron Gladwynd; d. Oct. 24, 1996), English politician and acting Secretary-General of the United Nations. He took the job until the appointment of the first Secretary-General. He was in that position from October 1945 until February 1946. He died at age 96.
1897 ~ Mary, Princess Royal (née Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; d. Mar. 28, 1965). She was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until 1917 when the family became known as Windsor. She was the 3rd child and only daughter of George V, King of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck. In 1922 she married Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood and became known as the Countess of Harewood. They had 2 sons. She died of a heart attack about a month before her 68th birthday.
1874 ~ Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (né Guglielo Giovanni Maria Marconi; d. July 20, 1937), Italian physicist and inventor of the wireless telegraph and radio. He was the recipient of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Bologna, Italy. He died at age 63 in Rome, Italy.
1873 ~ Walter de la Mare (né Walter John de la Mare; d. June 22, 1956), English poet. He died at age 83.
1849 ~ Felix Klein (né Christian Felix Klein; d. June 22, 1925), German mathematician. He died at age 76.
1843 ~ Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (d. Dec. 14, 1878), Grand Duchess consort of Hesse and by Rhine. She was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was the 3rd child and 2nd daughter of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert. In 1862, she married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. She was his 1st wife. They had 7 children. She died of diphtheria at age 35.
1776 ~ Princess Mary, Duchess consort of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. Apr. 30, 1857). She was of the House of Hanover. She was the 11th child and 4th daughter of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. In 1816, at age 40, she married her 1st cousin, Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh. There were no children of their marriage. She died 5 days after her 81st birthday.
1599 ~ Oliver Cromwell (d. Sept. 3, 1658), Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland; British general and politician. He died at age 59.
1284 ~ Edward II of England (d. Sept. 21, 1327). He reigned as King of England from July 8, 1307 until he was deposed on January 20, 1237. He was also known as Edward of Carnarvon. He was of the House of Plantagenet. He was the 4thson of Edward I, King of England and Eleanor, Countess of Ponthieu. In 1308, he married Isabella of France. They had 4 children. He died, or was probably murdered, at age 43. He had been forced to relinquish his crown and was succeeded by his son, Edward III.
1214 ~ Louis IX, King of France (d. Aug. 25, 1270). He reigned as King of France from November 8, 1226 until his death in August 1270. He was also known as Saint Louis. He was crown as King at age 12, following the death of his father, Louis VIII, King of France. He was of the House of Capet. He was the son of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. In 1234, he married to Margaret of Provence. They had 11 children, two of whom died in infancy. He was Roman Catholic. He died of dysentery at age 56 while on the Eighth Crusade. He was succeeded by his son, Philip III, King of France.
Events that Changed the World:
2015 ~ A 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal killing over 9000 people.
1990 ~ Violeta Chamorro (b. 1929) became the first woman president of Nicaragua.
1988 ~ John Demjanuk (1920 ~ 2012) was sentenced to death in Israel for war crimes committed during World War II. He would ultimately die of old age.
1983 ~ Samantha Smith (1972 ~ 1985), a young schoolgirl from Maine, was invited by Yuri Andropov (1914 ~ 1984) to visit the Soviet Union after he read her letter where she expressed her fears about nuclear war.
1982 ~ Israel completed its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula in accordance with the Camp David Accords.
1961 ~ Robert Noyce (1927 ~ 1990) was issued a patent for an integrated circuit.
1959 ~ The St. Lawrence Seaway, which linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, officially opened to shipping.
1953 ~ Francis Crick (1916 ~ 2004) and James Watson (b. 1928) published a paper describing the double helix structure of DNA.
1916 ~ The United Kingdom declared martial law in Ireland in response to the Easter Rising.
1915 ~ The Battle of Gallipoli began with the invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops during World War I.
1901 ~ New York State became the first State in the United States to require license plates on automobiles.
1898 ~ The United States declared war on Spain, beginning the Spanish-American War.
1862 ~ Union Admiral David Farragut (1801 ~ 1870) demanded the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana during the American Civil War.
1859 ~ Ground was broken for the Suez Canal by British and French engineers. It was completed just over 10 years later.
1792 ~ The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, was composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (1760 ~ 1836).
1792 ~ Nicholas Pelletier (1756 ~ 1792), a French highwayman, became the first person executed by the guillotine.
Good-Byes:
2019 ~ John Havlicek (né John Joseph Havlicek; b. Apr. 8, 1940), American NBA ironman who anchored the Celtics. He played basketball for the Boston Celtics for 16 seasons. He was born in Martins Ferry, Ohio. He died of Parkinson’s disease 16 days after his 79th birthday in Jupiter, Florida.
2014 ~ Earl Morrall (né Earl Edwin Morrall; b. May 17, 1934), American backup football player who played a starring role. He died 22 days before his 80th birthday.
2009 ~ Bea Arthur (née Bernice Frankel; b. May 13, 1922), American actress. She died 18 days before her 87th birthday.
2005 ~ Hasil Adkins (b. Apr. 29, 1937), American musician from an Appalachian county in West Virginia who influenced the creation of rock ‘n roll. He died 3 days before his 68th birthday.
2002 ~ Athanasios Papoulis (b. 1921), Greek engineer and applied mathematician. The exact date of his birth is not known. He was 80 or 81 at the time of his death.
2000 ~ Lucien Le Cam (né Lucien Marie Le Cam; b. Nov. 18, 1924), French mathematician. He died at age 75.
1995 ~ Art Fleming (né Arthur Fleming Fazzin; b. May 1, 1925), American game show host, best known for hosting Jeopardy! He died of pancreatic cancer 6 days before his 71st birthday.
1995 ~ Ginger Rogers (née Virginia Katherine McMath; b. July 16, 1911), American actress and dancer. She died at age 83.
1976 ~ Markus Reiner (b. Jan. 5, 1886), Austrian-born Israeli civil engineer. He died at age 90.
1944 ~ William Stephens (né William Dennison Stephens; b. Dec. 26, 1859), 24th Governor of California. He was Governor from March 1917 until January 1923. He died at age 84.
1921 ~ Emmeline B. Wells (née Emmeline Blanche Woodward; b. Feb. 29, 1828), American journalist and women’s rights activist. She was active in the Church of the Latter Day Saints. She was married several times. Her first husband was James Harris. After he left her, she entered into a plural marriage with Newel Whitney, a man significantly older. After his death, she became the 7th wife of Daniel Wells. She was born in Petersham, Massachusetts. She died of a stroke in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 93.
1919 ~ Augustus D. Juilliard (b. Apr. 19, 1839), American business and philanthropist. He built the Juilliard School, the conservatory of music, dance and theater in New York City. He died 6 days after his 83rd birthday.
1885 ~ Queen Emma of Hawaii (b. Jan. 2, 1836), Queen consort and wife of King Kamehameha IV. She died at age 49. She was born and died in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1878 ~ Anna Sewell (b. Mar. 30, 1820), English novelist, who is best known for her novel, Black Beauty. She died of tuberculosis just 26 days before her 59th birthday.
1875 ~ 12th Dalai Lama (né Trinley Gyatso; b. Jan. 26, 1857). He died of a mysterious illness at age 18.
1840 ~ Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (b. June 21, 1781), French mathematician. His name is one of 72 inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. He died at age 58.
1744 ~ Anders Celsius (b. Nov. 27, 1701), Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He is best known for the Celsius thermometer, which bears his name. He died of tuberculosis at age 42.
1644 ~ Chongzhen Emperor (b. Feb. 6, 1611), 17th and last Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled from October 1627 until his death 1644. He died by suicide at age 33 during a peasant rebellion.
1604 ~ Pietro de’Medici (b. June 3, 1554), Italian nobleman. He was the youngest son of Cosimo I de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora di Toledo. He married his 1st cousin, Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo, whom he later accused of adultery. He strangled his wife with a dog leash in July 1576. He later married Beatriz de Lara. He died deeply in debt at age 49.
1595 ~ Torquato Tasso (b. Mar. 11, 1544), Italian poet. He died at age 51.
1566 ~ Diane de Poitiers (b. Sept. 3, 1499), French noblewoman and mistress of Henry II, King of France. At age 15, she was married to the grandson of Charles VII, King of France. Her husband was 39 years older. They had 2 daughters. After his death, she became the chief mistress of Henry II, where she was able to wield considerable influence. She died at age 66, possible from injuries suffered from a fall from a horse 2 years earlier.
1342 ~ Pope Benedict XII (né Jacques Fournier, b. 1280). He was Pope from December 1334 until his death on this date just over 7 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
1295 ~ Sancho IV, King of Castile and León (b. May 12, 1258). He was King from April 4, 1284 until his death 11 years later. He was of the Castilian House of Ivrea. He was the son of Alfonso X, King of Castile and Violant of Aragon. In 1282, he married Maria de Molina and had 7 children. He also had 3 illegitimate children. He was Roman Catholic. He died of an illness, probably tuberculosis, at age 36. He was succeeded by his son, Ferdinand IV, King of Castile.
1228 ~ Isabella II, Queen of Jerusalem (b. 1212), Holy Roman Empress consort and 2nd wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was of the House of Brienne. She was the daughter of John of Brienne and Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem. She was Queen of Jerusalem in her own right. She was Roman Catholic. She died shortly after giving birth to her 2nd child at about age 15 or 16.
1074 ~ Géza I, King of Hungary (b. 1040). He was King from 1074 until his death in April 1077, although his right to the throne was contested by his cousin Solomon. He was of the House of Árpád. He was the oldest son of Béla I, King of Hungary and Richeza (also known as Adelaide) of Poland. He was married twice. He married is first wife Sophia in the late 1060s. Little is known of her. His second wife was Synadene, a Byzantine Greek woman. He had several children, but it is unknown which wife was the mother of his children. He was Roman Catholic. He died at about age 36 or 37.
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