Birthdays:
1979 ~ Claire Danes (née Claire Catherine Danes), American actress. She was born in Manhattan, New York.
1956 ~ Andy García, Cuban-American actor. He was born in Havana, Cuba.
1954 ~ Jon Krakauer, American author. He was born in Brookline, Massachusetts.
1950 ~ David Cassidy (né David Bruce Cassidy; d. Nov. 21, 2017), American teen idol who felt trapped by fame. He was best known for his role as Keith Partridge in the 1970s television musical-sitcom, The Partridge Family. In early 2017, he announced that he was suffering from dementia. He died of kidney and liver failure at age 67.
1949 ~ Scott Turow (né Scott Frederick Turow), American attorney and author. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1947 ~ Tom Clancy (né Thomas Leo Clancy, Jr.; d. Oct. 1, 2013), American author of political thrillers who spoke the military’s language. He died at age 66.
1947 ~ David Letterman (né David Michael Letterman), American television talk show host. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana.
1946 ~ Ed O’Neill (né Edward Leonard O’Neill), American actor best known for his role as Al Bundy on the television sit-com Married … With Children. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio.
1940 ~ Herbie Hancock (né Herbert Jeffrey Hancock), American musician. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1937 ~ Dennis Banks (d. Oct. 29, 2017), Anishinaabe Native American civil rights leader who fought for native rights. In 1968, he co-founded the American Indian Movement. He died of complications of pneumonia following heart surgery. He was 80 years old.
1933 ~ Montserrat Caballé (née María de Montserrat Viviana Concepción Caballé I Folch; d. Oct. 6, 2018), Spanish soprano who became an opera superstar. She epitomized the prima donna and had a very hot temper. She died at age 85.
1932 ~ Tiny Tim (né Herbert Buckingham Khaury, d. Nov. 30, 1996). American musician. He died of a massive heart attack at age 64.
1923 ~ Ann Miller (née Johnnie Lucille Collier; d. Jan. 22, 2004), American actor and dancer. She was born in Houston, Texas. She died of lung cancer at age 80.
1916 ~ Beverly Cleary (née Beverly Atlee Bunn), American children’s author. She created Henry Higgins and Ramona Quimby in children’s literature. She was born in McMinnville, Oregon.
1914 ~ Gretel Bergmann (née Margarethe Bergmann; d. July 25, 2017), German-born Jewish field and track athlete who was banned by the Nazis from participating in the 1936 Summer Olympics. At the June 1936 Olympic trials, she beat her rivals with a jump of 5 feet 3 inches, but was forbidden to compete in the Olympics and her jump was scrubbed from the record books. She was born in Laupheim, Germany. She died at age 103 in Queens, New York.
1903 ~ Jan Tinbergen (d. June 9, 1994), Dutch economist and recipient of the 1969 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He died at age 91.
1898 ~ Lily Pons (né Alice Joséphine Pons; d. Feb. 13, 1976), French-born American soprano. She died of pancreatic cancer at age 77.
1884 ~ Otto Meyerhof (né Otto Fritz Meyerhof; d. Oct. 6, 1951), German physician and biochemist. He was the recipient of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on muscle metabolism. He fled Germany and the Nazi regime in 1938. In 1940, he emigrated to the United States. He died at age 67.
1883 ~ Imogen Cunningham (d. June 23, 1976), American photographer. She is best known for her botanical photographs and nudes. She died at age 93.
1874 ~ William B. Bankhead (né William Brockman Bankhead; d. Sept. 15, 1940), politician from Alabama. He served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from June 1936 until his death on September 15, 1940. He died of an abdominal hemorrhage at age 66.
1852 ~ Ferdinand von Lindemann (né Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann; d. Mar. 6, 1939), German mathematician. He died at age 86.
1796 ~ George N. Briggs (né George Nixon Briggs; d. Sept. 12, 1861), 19th Governor of Massachusetts. He was governor from January 1844 until January 1851. He died at age 65 of an accidental self-inflicted gun injury.
1794 ~ Germinal Pierre Dandelin (d. Feb. 15, 1847), Belgian mathematician. He died at age 52.
1777 ~ Henry Clay, Sr. (d. June 29, 1852), 9th United States Secretary of State. He served under President John Quincy Adams from March 1825 until March 1929. He had also served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He died at age 75.
1748 ~ Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (d. Sept. 17, 1836), French botanist. He is credited with developing the classification for flowering plants. He was born in Lyon, France. He died at age 88 in Paris, France.
1577 ~ Christian IV of Denmark and Norway (d. Feb. 28, 1648). He died at age 70.
1484 ~ Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (d. Aug. 3, 1546), Italian architect. He designed St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. He died at age 61.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Easter Sunday.
2014 ~ A wildfire in Valparaíso, Chile destroyed over 2,000 homes. At least 16 people were killed by the fire.
2002 ~ A female suicide bomber blew herself up in Jerusalem, killing 7 and wounding 104 others.
1983 ~ Harold Washington (1922 ~ 1987) was elected the first African-American mayor of Chicago.
1961 ~ Yuri Gagarin (1934 ~ 1968), the Soviet astronaut, became the first person to orbit the earth.
1955 ~ The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk (1914 ~ 1995), was declared safe and effective.
1945 ~ Harry S. Truman (1884 ~ 1972) was sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945).
1934 ~ One of the strongest surface wind gust in the world was recorded at 231 miles per hour on Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It was surpassed in April 1996, when winds from tropical Cyclone Olivia were recorded at 253 miles per hour.
1865 ~ During the American Civil War, Mobile, Alabama fell to the Union Army.
1861 ~ The American Civil War began when Confederate forces began firing on Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
1633 ~ Galileo (1564 ~ 1642) was convicted of heresy for his belief that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
1606 ~ The Union Jack was adopted as the flag of Great Britain.
1204 ~ During the Fourth Crusade, Crusaders breached the walls of Constantinople and entered the city, which they then completely occupied.
Good-Byes:
2019 ~ Georgia Engel (née Georgia Bright Engel; b. July 28, 1948), American actress. She is best known for her role as Georgette Franklin Baxter on the Mary Tyler Moore Show. She was born in Washington, D.C. She died at age 70 in Princeton, New Jersey.
2019 ~ Forrest Gregg (né Alvis Forrest Gregg; b. Oct. 18, 1933), American football lineman who exemplified Wisconsin Green Bay Grit. He was born in Birthright, Texas. He died at age 85 of complication of Parkinson’s Disease in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
2009 ~ Marilyn Chambers (née Marilyn Ann Briggs; b. Apr. 22, 1952), American pornographic actress. She began her career as a baby model for Ivory Snow detergent. She was born in Providence, Rhode Island. She died of a cerebral hemorrhage 10 days before her 57th birthday in Santa Clara, California.
2009 ~ Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (né Eve Kosofsky; b. May 2, 1950), American academic scholar who pioneered “queer theory.” She was born in Dayton, Ohio. She died of breast cancer less than 3 weeks before her 59th birthday in New York, New York.
2001 ~ Harvey Ball (né Harvey Ross Ball; b. July 10, 1921), American illustrator who created the Smiley Face. He died of liver failure at age 79.
1997 ~ George Wald (né George David Wald; d. Nov. 18, 1906), American neurologist and recipient of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. He died at age 90 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1989 ~ Abbie Hoffman (né Abbot Howard Hoffman; b. Nov. 30, 1936), American political activist. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He died by suicide at age 52.
1989 ~ Sugar Ray Robinson (né Walker Smith, Jr.; b. May 3, 1921), African-American boxer. He died less than a month before his 68th birthday.
1981 ~ Joe Lewis (né Joseph Louis Barrow; b. May 13, 1914), American boxer. He died of cardiac arrest a month before his 67th birthday.
1977 ~ Philip K. Wrigley (né Philip Knight Wrigley; b. Dec. 5, 1894), American chewing gum manufacturer and baseball executive. He inherited the Wrigley company and the Chicago Cubs from his father. He died at 82.
1975 ~ Josephine Baker (née Freda Josephine McDonald; b. June 3, 1906), French actress, activist and humanitarian. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri, but as an African-American, was not able to perform in America. She became a French citizen and was able to become a well-known and respected artist. She supported the French Resistance during World War II. She died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 68.
1971 ~ Igor Tamm (b. July 8, 1895), Russian physicist and recipient of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 75.
1945 ~ Franklin D. Roosevelt (né Franklin Delano Roosevelt; b. Jan. 30, 1882), 32nd United States President. He served in Office from March 1933 until his death on this date in 1945. He is the only President to have been elected for 3 terms. He died at age 63.
1933 ~ Zelia Nuttall (née Zelia Maria Magdalena Nuttall; b. Sept. 6, 1857), American archeologist and historian. She specialized in pre-Aztec Mexican cultures. She was born in San Francisco, California. She died at age 75 in Mexico City, Mexico.
1912 ~ Clara Barton (née Clarissa Harlowe Barton; b. Dec. 25, 1821), American nurse and founder of the American Red Cross. She was known as the “Angel of the Battlefield”. She was born in North Oxford, Massachusetts. She died at age 90.
1878 ~ Boss Tweed (né William Magear Tweed; d. Apr. 3, 1823), American political figure. He was known as the Boss of Tammany Hall, a corrupt political machine in New York City. He died of pneumonia 9 days after his 55thbirthday.
1684 ~ Niccolò Amati (b. Dec. 3, 1596), Italian instrument and violin maker. He was the grandson of Andrea Amati, the founder of the Amati family of violin makers. He died at age 87.
1555 ~ Joanna of Castile (b. Nov. 6, 1479), daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. She was the queen of Castile and Aragon, which ultimately were united to become modern Spain. She was known as Joanna the Mad, as she was mentally ill. She died at age 75.
1530 ~ Joanna la Beltraneja (b. Feb. 21, 1462), Queen consort of Portugal and second wife of King Alfonso V of Portugal. She died at age 68.
1167 ~ Charles VII, King of Sweden (b. 1130). The date of his birth is unknown. He was assassinated at about age 37.
352 ~ Pope Julius I. He was Pope from February 337 until his death on this date 15 years later. The date of his birth is unknown.
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