Birthdays:
1952 ~ Jean-Paul Gaultier, French fashion designer. He was born in Bagneux France.
1948 ~ Paul Cellucci (né Argeo Paul Cellucci; d. June 8, 2013), 69th Governor of Massachusetts. He was Governor from April 2001 until March 2005. He died of ALS at age 65.
1947 ~ Roger Kornberg (né Roger David Kornberg), American chemist and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
1942 ~ Richard Daley (né Richard Michael Daley), 54th Mayor of Chicago. He served as Mayor from April 1989 until May 2011. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1942 ~ Barbra Streisand (née Barbara Joan Streisand), American singer. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1941 ~ Richard Holbrooke (né Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke; d. Dec. 13, 2010), 22nd American Ambassador to the United Nations. He died at age 69 from complications of a torn aorta.
1940 ~ Sue Grafton (née Sue Taylor Grafton; d. Dec. 28, 2017), American crime writer who went from A to Y. In the early 1980s she began writing about Kinsey Milhone, a private investigator, in the book A is for Alibi. She continued the series through the letter Y before dying of cancer at age 77.
1936 ~ Jill Ireland (née Jill Dorothy Ireland; d. May 18, 1990), British actress. She died of breast cancer 24 days after her 54th birthday.
1934 ~ Shirley MacLaine (née Shirley MacLean Beaty), American actress. She was born in Richmond, Virginia.
1933 ~ Patricia Bosworth (née Patricia Crum; d. Apr. 2, 2020), American actress, biographer, and memoirist. She was born in Oakland, California. She died in New York, New York 22 days before her 87th birthday of complications of Covid-19.
1924 ~ Sir Clement Freud (né Clement Raphael Freud; d. Apr. 15, 2009), British bon vivant and broadcaster. He was the grandson of Sigmund Freud and brother of Lucian Freud. He died 9 days before his 85th birthday.
1921 ~ Louis Lenart (né Layos Lenovitz; d. July 20, 2015), Hungarian-born Israeli fighter pilot who saved Tel Aviv during the 1948 war. He died in Israel at age 94.
1919 ~ David Blackwell (né David Harold Blackwell; d. July 8, 2010), African-American mathematician. He was born in Centralia, Illinois. He died at age 91 in Berkeley, California.
1914 ~ Justin E. Wilson (d. Sept. 5, 2001), American Cajun chef and humorist. He was born in Roseland, Louisiana and died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He died in Baton Rouge at age 87.
1905 ~ Robert Penn Warren (d. Sept. 15, 1989), Southern American novelist, best known for All the King’s Men, which is a fictional account of Louisiana’s Huey P. Long. He died at age 84 in Stratton, Vermont.
1904 ~ Willem de Kooning (d. Mar. 19, 1997), Dutch artist and painter. He died less than a month before his 93rdbirthday.
1899 ~ Oscar Zariski (d. July 4, 1986), Russian-born mathematician. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts at age 87.
1897 ~ Manuel Ávila Camacho (d. Oct. 13, 1955), President of Mexico. He served as President from December 1940 until November 1946. He died at age 58.
1880 ~ Gideon Sundbäck (né Otto Fredrik Gideon Sundbäck; d. June 21, 1954), Swedish-American engineer and inventor of the zipper. He died at age 74.
1862 ~ A.C. Benson (né Arthur Christopher Benson; d. June 17, 1925), British essayist, poet and author. He died at age 63.
1856 ~ Philippe Pétain (d. July 23, 1951), Prime Minister of France. He was considered a Nazi collaborator. After World War II, he was tried and convicted of treason. He died at age 95.
1845 ~ Carl Spitteler (né Carl Friedrich George Spitteler; d. Dec. 29, 1924), Swiss poet and recipient of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 79.
1815 ~ Anthony Trollope (d. Dec. 6, 1882), English novelist. He died at age 67.
1784 ~ Peter Vivian Daniel (d. May 31, 1860), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Martin Van Buren. He replaced Philip Barbour on the Court. He was succeeded by Samuel Miller. He served on the Court from March 1841 until his death in May 19 years later. He was born in Stafford County, Virginia. He died in Richmond, Virginia. He was 76 years old.
1743 ~ Edmund Cartwright (d. Oct. 30, 1823), English clergyman and inventor of the power loom. He died at age 80.
1581 ~ Vincent de Paul (d. Sept. 27, 1660), French saint who dedicated his life to tending the poor. Numerous Catholic charities still use his name. He died at age 79.
1533 ~ William I of Orange (d. July 10, 1584). He was also known as William the Silent. He was instrumental in the creation of the country of the Netherlands. He died at age 51.
Events that Changed the World:
2005 ~ Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (b. 1927) was inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. From hence forth, he was known as Pope Benedict XVI. He resigned in February 2013.
1990 ~ NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope.
1957 ~ The Suez Canal, which had been closed during the Suez Canal Crisis, was reopened on orders of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF).
1953 ~ Winston Churchill (1874 ~ 1965) was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926).
1933 ~ Nazi Germany began its persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses.
1923 ~ Sigmund Freud’s paper The Ego and the Id, which outlined his theories of the id, the ego and the super-ego, was published in Vienna.
1916 ~ The Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret organization of Irish nationals, led by Patrick Pearse (1789 ~ 1816), James Connolly (1868 ~ 1916) and Joseph Plunkett (1887 ~ 1916), began a rebellion in Ireland against British rule. This occurred on Easter Monday and became known as the Easter Rising. Following the uprising the 15 of the leaders were executed for their participation in the uprising.
1915 ~ The beginning of the Armenian Genocide by Turkey began with the arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders.
1913 ~ The Woolworth Building skyscraper in New York City opened.
1885 ~ Annie Oakley (1860 ~ 1926) joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show.
1863 ~ The United States Army issued General Orders No. 100, which outlined a code of conduct for Federal soldiers and officers when dealing with Confederate prisoners and civilians. It was considered many years later in the Geneva Convention.
1800 ~ The American Library of Congress was established when President John Adams (1835 ~ 1826) signed legislation appropriated funds to purchase “such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress.”
1704 ~ The first regular newspaper, the Boston News-Letter, in the United States was published in Boston, Massachusetts.
1558 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 ~ 1587) married François (1544 ~ 1560), Dauphin of France.
1184 BCE ~ The traditional date for the fall of Troy.
Good-Byes:
2017 ~ Nicholas Sand (né Nicholas Francis Hiskey; b. May 10; 1941), American chemist who spread the gospel of LSD. He was a strong advocate for using LSD throughout his life. He was born in New York, New York. He died 16 days before his 76th birthday in Lagunitas, California.
2017 ~ Robert Pirsig (né Robert Maynard Pirsig; b. Sept. 6, 1928), American author who philosophized about the open road. He is best known for his first novel, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. He died at age 88 in South Berwick, Maine.
2012 ~ George Vujnovich (né George Mane Vujnovich; b. May 31, 1915), American mastermind of a daring World War II rescue. He is known for organizing Operation Halyard, which rescued over 500 downed Allied airmen from Serbia in August 1944. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He died at age 96 in New York, New York.
2010 ~ W. Willard Wirtz (né William Willard Wirtz, Jr.; b. Mar. 14, 1912), 10th United States Secretary of Labor. He served under Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from September 1962 until January 1969. He was born in DeKalb, Illinois. He died at age 98 in Washington, D.C.
2007 ~ Warren Avis (né Warren Edward Avis; b. Aug. 4, 1915), American businessman and founder of Avis Rent-a-Car. He was born in Bay City, Michigan. He died at age 91 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
2006 ~ Moshe Teitelbaum (b. Nov. 1, 1914), Romanian-American rabbi and leader of Satmar Hasidim. He died at age 91.
2005 ~ Ezer Weizman (b. June 15, 1924), 7th President of Israel. He served in that Office from May 1993 until July 2000. He was born in Tel Aviv before the creation of the State of Israel. He died of respiratory failure at age 80.
2004 ~ Estée Lauder (née Josephine Esther Mentzer; b. July 1, 1908), American cosmetics entrepreneur and founder of Estée Lauder Cosmetics Company. She died at age 97.
1997 ~ Pat Paulsen (né Patrick Layton Paulsen; b. July 6, 1927), American comedian and sometimes politician. He died of cancer at age 69.
1986 ~ Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor (née Bessie Wallis Warfield, b. June 19, 1896), wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII of England, who gave up the throne of England to become her third husband. She died at age 89.
1974 ~ Bud Abbott (né William Alexander Abbott; b. Oct. 2, 1895), American comedian and half of the comedy team Abbot and Costello. He died of cancer at age 76.
1964 ~ Gerhard Domagk (né Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk; b. Oct. 30, 1895), German bacteriologist and recipient of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in antibiotics. The Nazis forced him to refuse to accept the Nobel Prize. In 1947, he was finally able to accept the medal, however, he due to the lapse in time, he was unable to receive the monetary award. He died of a heart attach at age 68.
1960 ~ Max von Laue (b. Oct. 9, 1879), German physicist and recipient of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. He died at age 80.
1955 ~ Alfred Polgar (b. Oct. 17, 1873), Austrian-born journalist and drama critic. He left Austria in 1938 and moved to Hollywood. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 82 in Zürich, Switzerland.
1947 ~ Willa Cather (née Wilella Sibert Cather; b. Dec. 7, 1873), American novelist. She is best known for her novels of the American frontier, such as O Pioneers! and My Ántonia. She died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 73.
1942 ~ Lucy Maud Montgomery (b. Nov. 30, 1874), Canadian author, best known for Anne of Green Gables. She died at age 67.
1933 ~ Felix Adler (b. Aug. 13, 1851), German-born American educator and social reformer. He was born in Alzey, Germany. He died at age 81 in New York, New York.
1779 ~ Eleazar Wheelock (b. Apr. 22, 1711), American minister and educator. He was the founder and first president of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. He died 2 days after his 68th birthday.
1731 ~ Daniel Defoe (né Daniel Foe; b. Sept. 13, 1660), English writer, best known for his novel, Robinson Crusoe. He died at about age 71. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but is believed to have been September 13, 1660.
1656 ~ Thomas Fincke (b. Jan. 6, 1561), Danish mathematician and physicist. He died at age 95.
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