November 13

Birthdays:

1969 ~ Gerald Butler, Scottish actor.

1967 ~ Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk-show host.

1960 ~ Neil Flynn, American actor best known for his role as Mike Heck on the television sit-com, The Middle.

1955~ Whoopie Goldberg (née Caryn Elaine Johnson), American actress and comedian.

1954 ~ Chris Noth, American actor.

1952 ~ Merrick Garland, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia Circuit.  In 2016, President Barack Obama had nominated him to fill the vacancy on the United States Supreme Court, however, the Republican Senate refused to hold confirmation hearings.

1934 ~ Garry Marshall (d. July 19, 2016), American actor and movie director.  He died of pneumonia following a stroke.  He was 81 years old.

1932 ~ Richard Mulligan (d. Sept. 26, 2000), American actor.  He died at age 67 of colorectal cancer.

1932 ~ Michelle Triola Marvin (d. Oct. 30, 2009), American actress who made the case for “palimony.”  She lived with actor Lee Marvin for years and when they split up, she sued for financial support.  She died of lung cancer 2 weeks before her 77^th birthday.

1929 ~ Fred Waldron Phelps (d. Mar. 19, 2014), American Baptist preacher who embraced hate.  He was the head of the independent Westboro Baptist Church, based in Topeka, Kansas.  He was known for his vehemently anti-gay activism.  He died at age 84.

1927 ~ Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid (d. Feb. 26, 1985), American mathematician.  He died at age 57.

1920 ~ K.G. Ramanathan (né Kollagunta Goplaliyer Ramanathan, d. May 10, 1992), Indian mathematician best known for his work in number theory.  He died at age 71.

1893 ~ Edward Adelbert Doisy (d. Oct. 23, 1986), American biochemist and recipient of the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.  He died 3 weeks before his 93^rd birthday.

1878 ~ Max Dehn (d. June 27, 1952), German mathematician.  He died at age 73.

1866 ~ Abraham Flexner (d. Sept. 21, 1959), American educator and founder of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University.  He died at age 92.

1856 ~ Louis Brandeis (d. Oct. 5, 1941), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was appointed to the High Court by President Woodrow Wilson.  He served on the Court from June 1916 until February 1939.  Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts is named in his honor.  He died at age 84.

1850 ~ Robert Louis Stevenson (d. Dec. 3, 1894), Scottish writer best known for such children’s adventure novels as Treasure Island and Kidnapped.  He died 20 days after his 44^th birthday.

1848 ~ Albert I, Prince of Monaco (d. June 26, 1922).  He died at age 73.

1838 ~ Joseph Fielding Smith (d. Nov. 19, 1918), 6^th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints.  He died 6 days after his 80^th birthday.

1814 ~ Joseph Hooker (d. Oct. 31, 1879), American general.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  He was born in Hadley, Massachusetts.  He died 2 weeks before his 65^th birthday.

1760 ~ Jiaqing Emperor (né Aixin-Jueluo Yongyan, d. Sept. 2, 1820), 7^th Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.  He died at age 59.

1715 ~ Dorothea Erxleben (d. June 13, 1762), first German female medical doctor.  She died at age 46.

1486 ~ Johann Eck (d. Feb. 13, 1543), German theologian.  He died at age 56.

1312 ~ King Edward III of England (d. June 21, 1377).  He died at age 64.

354 ~ Saint Augustine of Hippo (d. Aug. 28, 430), early Christian theologian.  He died at age 75.

Events that Changed the World:

2015 ~ Several coordinated attacks by ISIS struck in Paris, killing over 120 people.

2012 ~ A total solar eclipse occurred in parts of Australia and the South Pacific.

2001 ~ President George W. Bush (b. 1946) signed an executive order that allowed military tribunals against foreigners suspected of having connections to terrorist acts against the United States.

1982 ~ The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C.

1956 ~ The United States Supreme Court affirmed a lower Court’s decision in Browder v. Gayle, which declared the Alabama laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.

1947 ~ Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919 ~ 2013) completed the design and development of the automatic assault rifle that became known as the AK-47.

1942 ~ The minimum draft age was lowered from 21 to 18.

1940 ~ The animated Disney film, Fantasia, was first released.

1927 ~ The Holland Tunnel connecting New Jersey to New York City opened to traffic.

Good-Byes:

2016 ~ Leon Russell (né Claude Russell Bridges, b. Apr. 2, 1942), American singer-songwriter.  He died at age 74.

2014 ~ Alexander Grothendieck (b. Mar. 28, 1928), German-born French mathematician.  He is a leader in algebraic geometry.  He died at age 86.

2012 ~ Jack Gilbert (b. Feb. 18, 1925), American poet who never much cared for fame.  He died at age 87.

1974 ~ Karen Silkwood (b. Feb. 19, 1946), American political and environmental activist.  She was killed in a car accident under mysterious circumstances.  She was 28 years old.

1973 ~ Elsa Schiaparelli (b. Sept. 10, 1890), Italian fashion designer.  She died at age 83.

1963 ~ Margaret Murray (b. July 13, 1863), British Egyptologist, archeologist and historian.  She was born in Calcutta when India was under British rule.  She died at age 100.

1952 ~ Margaret Wise Brown (b. May 23, 1910), American children’s author.  She is best known for her picture books, Goodnight Moon and The Runaway Bunny.  She died at age 42 of an embolism.

1903 ~ Camille Pissarro (né Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro, b. July 10, 1830), French impressionist painter.  He was born on the Caribbean island of St. Thomas.  His father was of Portuguese-Jewish descent and his mother was Creole.  He died at age 73.

1868 ~ Gioachino Rossini (b. Feb. 29, 1792), Italian composer, whose works include The Barber of Seville and William Tell.

1770 ~ George Grenville (b. Oct. 14, 1712), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He was Prime Minister from August 1763 through July 1765, during the reign of King George III.  He died a month after his 58^th birthday.

1460 ~ Henry the Navigator (b. Mar. 4, 1394), patron of early Portuguese exploration.  He was the son of King John I of Portugal.  He died at age 66.

1359 ~ Tsar Ivan II of Russia (b. Mar. 30, 1326).  He was known as Ivan the Fair.  He died at age 33.

1319 ~ Eric VI of Denmark (b. 1274).  He was King from 1286 until his death.  The exact date of his birth is not known, but he his believed go have been about 44 or 45 at the time of his death.

1093 ~ Malcolm III of Scotland (b. Mar. 26, 1031).  He died at age 62.

867 ~ Pope Nicholas I (b. 800).  He is also known as St. Nicholas the Great.  The exact date of his birth is not known.