Birthdays:
1976 ~ Nalini Anantharaman, French mathematician. She is the daughter of two mathematicians. In 2012, she won the Henri Poincaré Prize for mathematical physics. She was born in Paris, France.
1958 ~ Tim Kaine (né Timothy Michael Kaine), American politician and United States Senator from Virginia. He is best known for being the Democratic Vice President nominee in the 2016 Presidential election. He was the Hillary Clinton’s running mate. He had previously served as the 70th Governor of Virginia from January 2006 until January 2010. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
1956 ~ Michel Houellebecq (né Michel Thomas), French author best known for his novels and essays.
1954 ~ Ernst August, Prince of Hanover. He is the third husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco. She is his second wife. They married in 1999. He is of the House of Hanover. He is the son of Ernest Augustus of Hanover and Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
1954 ~ Recep Tayyio Erdoğan, 12th President of Turkey. He assumed office in August 2014. He was born in Istanbul, Turkey.
1949 ~ Elizabeth George (née Susan Elizabeth George), American writer of mystery stories set in Great Britain. She was born in Warren, Ohio.
1948 ~ Sharyn McCrumb, American author whose books focus on the folklore of Appalachia. She was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.
1946 ~ Ahmed Zewail (d. Aug. 2, 2016), Egyptian-born American chemist. He was the recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is known as the Father of Femtochemistry, the study of chemical reactions on extremely short durations. He died at age 70 in Pasadena, California.
1932 ~ Johnny Cash (né John Ray Cash; d. Sept. 12, 2003), American singer. He was born in Kingsland, Arkansas. He died at age 71 in Nashville, Tennessee.
1931 ~ Robert Novak (né Robert David Sanders Novak; d. Aug. 18, 2009), American journalist. He was born in Joliet, Illinois. He died at age 78 of complications from a brain tumor in Washington, D.C.
1928 ~ Ariel Sharon (né Ariel Scheinermann; d. Jan. 11, 2014), 11th Prime Minister of Israel. He was a retired General. He had been a commander in the Israeli Army from its inception in 1948, thus he led Israel in war and peace. He suffered a massive stroke in January 2006 and remained in a coma for the rest of his life. He died at age 85 in Ramat Gan, Israel.
1928 ~ Fats Domino (né Antoine Dominique Domino, Jr.; d. Oct. 24, 2017), African-American New Orleans pianist who shaped rock ‘n’ roll. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died in Harvey, Louisiana at age 89.
1927 ~ Tom Kennedy (né James Edward Narz; d. Oct. 7, 2020), American game show host. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He died at age 93 in Oxnard, California.
1926 ~ Sandy Green (né James Alexander Green; d. Apr. 7, 2014), Scottish mathematician. He was born in Rochester, New York. He died at age 88 in Oxford, England.
1921 ~ Betty Hutton (née Elizabeth June Thornburg; d. Mar. 12, 2007), American stage and film actress. She was born in Battle Creek, Michigan. She died of colon cancer 2 weeks after her 86th birthday in Palm Springs, California.
1920 ~ Tony Randall (né Aryeh Leonard Rosenberg; d. May 17, 2004), American actor. He was married twice. His first wife, Florence Gibbs, died in 1992. At age 75, he remarried Heather Harlan, who was 25 years old at the time. They had two children. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He died at age 84 in New York, New York.
1916 ~ Jackie Gleason (né John Herbert Gleason; d. June 24, 1987), American actor and musician. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of cancer at age 71 in Lauderhill, Florida.
1916 ~ Joan Struthers Curran (né Joan Elizabeth Struthers; d. Feb. 10, 1999), Lady Curran. She was Welsh scientist. She was instrumental in the development of radar and the atomic bomb during World War II. She invented the chaff, a radar countermeasure technique. She attended Cambridge University to study physics, however, because she was a woman, she was not awarded her degree. After she finished her courses, she began a graduate program. Again, she was not awarded an advanced degree because she was female. She was born in Swansea, Wales. She died of cancer in Glasgow, Scotland 16 days before her 83rd birthday.
1903 ~ Guilio Natta (d. May 2, 1979), Italian chemist and recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on high polymers. He died at age 76.
1897 ~ Elizabeth Lucy, Princess Bibesco (née Elizabeth Lucy Asquith; d. Apr. 7, 1945), English author and socialite. She was the daughter of British Prime Minister H.H. Asquith. In 1919, she married Prince Antoine Bibesco, a Romanian diplomat. She was born in London, England. She died at age 48 of complications of pneumonia in Bucharest, Romania.
1887 ~ William Frawley (d. Mar. 3, 1966), American actor best known for his role as Fred Mertz on the I Love Lucyshow. He was born in Burlington, Iowa. He died of a heart attack 5 days after his 79th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1882 ~ Husband E. Kimmel (né Husband Edward Kimmel, d. May 14, 1968), American admiral. He was born in Henderson, Kentucky. He died at age 86 in Groton, Connecticut.
1866 ~ Herbert Henry Dow (d. Oct. 15, 1930), Canadian-American businessman and founder of the Dow Chemical Company. He died at age 64 in Rochester, Minnesota.
1861 ~ Ferdinand I, Tsar of Bulgaria (d. Sept. 10, 1948). He ruled Bulgaria from October 1908 until October 1918. He married several times. His first wife was Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870 ~ 1899). They married in 1893. They were the parents of Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria. She died in childbirth in 1899. After her death, he married Princess Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz (1860 ~ 1917). They married in 1908. His third wife was Alžbeta Brezáková (2015), whom he married in 1947, a year before his death. He was 86 and his third wife was 26 at the time of their marriage. He was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was the son of Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Clémentine of Orléans. He died at age 87.
1852 ~ John Harvey Kellogg (d. Dec. 14, 1943), American surgeon and vegetarian advocate. He was from Battle Creek, Michigan and ran a sanitarium that focused on nutrition and exercise. He, along with his brother Will (1860 ~ 1951), became known for creating the breakfast cereal, Kellogg’s Cornflakes. He was born in Tyrone, Michigan. He died at age 91 in Battle Creek, Michigan.
1846 ~ Buffalo Bill Cody (né William Frederick Cody; d. Jan. 10, 1917), American frontiersman and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory. He died of kidney failure at age 70 in Denver, Colorado.
1844 ~ Horace Lurton (né Horace Harmon Lurton; d. July 12, 1914), Associate Justice on the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President William Taft. He replaced Rufus Peckham on the Court. He was succeeded on the Court by James Clark McReynolds. He was nominated to the Court at age 65, making him the oldest Justice at the time to be appointed. He served on the Court for 5 years. He was born in Newport, Kentucky. He died of a sudden heart attack in Atlantic City, New Jersey while still in Office at age 70.
1829 ~ Levi Strauss (né Löb Strauß; d. Sept. 26, 1902), German-born American clothing manufacturer. He founded Levi Strauss & Company, the first company to manufacture denim blue jeans, which were worn by gold miners during the California Gold Rush. He died at age 73 in San Francisco, California.
1808 ~ Honoré-Victorin Daumier (d. Feb. 10, 1879), French artist, painter, illustrator, and sculptor. He was born in Marseille, France. He died 16 days before his 71st birthday in Valmondois, France.
1802 ~ Victor Hugo (né Victor Marie Hugo, d. May 22, 1885), French novelist best known for his novels Les Misérablesand The Hunchback of Notre Dame. He died at age 83 in Paris, France.
1786 ~ François Arago (né Dominique François Jean Arago; d. Oct. 2, 1853), French mathematician and politician. He died at age 67 in Paris, France.
1777 ~ Mateja Nenadović (d. Dec. 11, 1854), Serbian priest, historian, and politician. He is considered the 1st Prime Minister of Serbia. He died at age 77.
1746 ~ Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (d. June 18, 1804), Duchess of Parma. She was the wife of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma (1751 ~ 1802). They married in 1769. She was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She was the daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 58.
1564 ~ Christopher Marlowe (d. May 30, 1593), English playwright. He was stabbed to death at age 29. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he was baptized on February 26 1564.
1416 ~ Christopher III, King of Denmark (d. Jan. 5, 1448). He reigned Denmark from April 1440 until his death 8 years later. He was also known as Christopher of Bavaria. He was married to Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430s ~ 1495). They married in 1445. He was of the House of Palatinate-Neumarkt. He was the son of John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt and Catherine of Pomerania. He was Roman Catholic. He died suddenly at age 31.
1361 ~ Wenceslaus IV, King of Bohemia (d. Aug. 16, 1419). He ruled Bohemia from November 1378 until his death in 1419. He was married twice. His first wife was Joanna of Bavaria (1362 ~ 1386). They married in 1370. She was killed by an attack of her husband’s hunting dogs. His second wife was Sophia of Bavaria (1376 ~ 1428). They married in 1389. There were no children of this marriage. He was of the House of Luxembourg. He was the son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna von Schweidnitz. He died at age 58.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ Two hundred seventy-nine female students, between the ages of 10 and 17 were kidnapped in the Zamfara kidnapping in Nigeria. All of the hostages were released a few days later on March 1, 2021.
2013 ~ A hot air balloon carrying tourist crashed near the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. Nineteen people were killed.
2008 ~The New York Philharmonic performed in Pyongyang, North Korea. It was the first such an event to occur in North Korea.
1995 ~ The United Kingdom’s oldest investment banking institution, the Barings Bank, collapsed after a securities broker lost $1.4 Billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using future contracts.
1993 ~ A truck bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City exploded, killing 6 people in injuring over 1000.
1980 ~ Egypt and Israel established full diplomatic relations.
1972 ~ The Buffalo Creek Flood in West Virginia caused a dam to burst, killing 125 people.
1971 ~ United Nations Secretary-General U Thant (1909 ~ 1974) signed a United Nations Proclamation of the establishing the vernal equinox as Earth Day.
1935 ~ Adolf Hitler (1889 ~ 1945) ordered the Luftwaffe to be reformed in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.
1929 ~ President Calvin Coolidge (1872 ~ 1933) signed the legislation to create the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.
1919 ~ President Woodrow Wilson (1856 ~ 1924) signed an Act of Congress establishing the Grand Canyon National Park.
1917 ~ The Original Dixieland Jazz Band recorded the first Jazz record. The band originally called itself the Original Dixieland Jass Band.
1909 ~ The first successful color motion picture process, the Kinemacolor, was first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London, England.
1815 ~ Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 ~ 1821) escaped from Elba.
1794 ~ The first Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark burned down.
1616 ~ Galileo Galileo (1564 ~ 1642) was banned by the Catholic Church from teaching or defending the view that the earth orbits the sun. In 1992, the Catholic Church formally exonerated Galileo of any wrongdoing.
Good-Byes:
2022 ~ Tova Borgnine (née Tove Træsnæs; b. Nov. 17, 1941), Norwegian-born American businesswoman and beauty mogul whose products made her husband glow. She was the widow of actor Ernest Borgnine. She was born in Oslo, German-occupied Norway. She died at age 80 in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
2020 ~ Betsy Byars (née Betsy Cromer; b. Aug. 7, 1928), American author who wrote about lost children. She is best known for her 1970 novel Summer of the Swans, about an awkward 14-year-old orphan searching for her brother. She was born in Charlotte, South Carolina. She died at age 91 in Senece, South Carolina.
2019 ~ Charles McCarry (b. June 14, 1930), American CIA agent who became a best-selling spy novelist. He was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He died at age 88 in Fairfax County, Virginia.
2017 ~ Ludvig Faddeev (b. Mar. 23, 1934), Russian mathematician. He was born and died in St. Petersburg, Soviet Union. He died less than a month before his 83rd birthday.
2017 ~ Joseph Wapner (né Joseph Albert Wapner; b. Nov. 15, 1919), American judge who presided over The People’s Court. He was the original television judge. His daytime show, The People’s Court, which settled small-claims suits, ran from 1981 until 1993. He was born and died in Los Angeles, California. He died of respiratory failure at age 97.
2015 ~ Earl Lloyd (né Earl Francis Lloyd; b. Apr. 3, 1928), American professional NBA player who broke the color barrier. In 1950, he became the first African-American to play in the National Basketball Association. He was drafted by the Washington Capitols. He was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He died at age 86 in Crossville, Tennessee.
2013 ~ Thomas C. Griffin (né Thomas Carson Griffin; b. July 10, 1916), American World War II navigator who helped steer the Doolittle Raid. He was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin. He died at age 96 in Cincinnati, Ohio.
2011 ~ Eugene Fodor (né Eugene Nicholas Fodor, Jr.; b. Mar. 5, 1950), American violin virtuoso haunted by addiction. He was born in Denver, Colorado. He died of liver disease 7 days before his 61st birthday in Arlington, Virginia.
2011 ~ Arnošt Lustig (b. Dec. 21, 1926), Czech novelist who recalled the horrors of the Holocaust. He was born and died in Prague. He died at age 84.
2010 ~ Louis Fabian Bachrach, Jr. (b. Apr. 9, 1917), American photographer who put the powerful at ease. He is best known for his photographs of celebrities, politicians, and presidents. He was born and died in Newton, Massachusetts. He died at age 92.
2005 ~ Jef Raskin (né Jeff Raskin; b. Mar. 9, 1943), American tech genius who created the Macintosh for Apple. He was born in New York, New York. He died of pancreatic cancer 11 days before his 62nd birthday in Pacifica, California.
2005 ~ Henry A. Grunwald (né Heinz Anatole Grünwald; b. Dec. 3, 1922), Austrian-born American journalist and editor who reinvented Time magazine. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 82 in New York, New York.
2000 ~ Princess Giovanna of Savoy (b. Nov. 13, 1907), Tsaritsa consort of Bulgaria. In 1930, she married Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria (1894 ~ 1943). They were the parents of Simeon II, Tsar of Bulgaria. She was of the House of Savoy. She was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy and Elena of Montenegro. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 92.
1998 ~ Theodore Schultz (né Theodore William Schultz; b. Apr. 30, 1902), American economist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. He was born in Arlington, South Dakota. He died at age 95 in Evanston, Illinois.
1994 ~ Avery Fisher (né Albert Robert Fisher; b. Mar. 4, 1906), American audio specialist. He is best known for the design of the auditorium in the Lincoln Center cultural complex in Manhattan. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died 6 days before his 88th birthday in New Milford, Connecticut.
1993 ~ Fletcher Knebel (b. Oct. 1, 1911), American author best known for his political fiction. He is best known for his novel Seven Days in May. He was born in Dayton, Ohio. He died by suicide following a long bout with cancer in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was 81 years old.
1985 ~ Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid (né Albert Turner Reid; b. Nov. 13, 1927), African-American mathematician whose work focused on probability theory. He was born in Hampton Beach, Virginia. He died at age 57 in Atlanta, Georgia.
1985 ~ Tjalling Koopmans (né Tjalling Charles Koopmans; b. Aug. 28, 1910), Dutch-American mathematician and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. He died in New Haven, Connecticut at age 74.
1969 ~ Levi Eshkol (né Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik; b. Oct. 25, 1895), Prime Minister of Israel. He served as Prime Minister from June 1963 until his death in February 1969. He died in office at age 73 in Jerusalem, Israel.
1954 ~ William Ralph Inge (b. June 6, 1860), Anglican priest and author. He died at age 93.
1931 ~ Otto Wallach (b. Mar. 27, 1847), German chemist and recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds. He died a month before his 84th birthday.
1903 ~ Richard Jordan Gatling (b. Sept. 12, 1818), American inventor who invented the Gatling gun, the first successful machine gun. He was born in Hertford County, North Carolina. He died at age 84 in New York, New York.
1850 ~ Daoguang Emperor (b. Sept. 16, 1782), Chinese Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He reigned during the First Opium War. He died at age 67.
1839 ~ Sybil Ludington (b. Apr. 5, 1761), heroine of the American Revolutionary War. At age 16, she rode her horse 40 miles throughout the night of April 22, 1777, to warn the militiamen that British troops were planning to attack Danbury, Connecticut. She was born in Fredericksburg, New York. She died at age 77 in Unadilla, New York.
1834 ~ Alois Senefelder (né Johann Alois Senefelder; b. Nov. 6, 1771), Czech inventor of the lithography printing process. He was born in Prague. He died at age 62 in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria.
1813 ~ Robert Livingston (b. Nov. 27, 1746), American politician. He is best known as having assisted in the negotiation of the Louisiana Purchase from France. He was the 1st United States Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He served in this position during the George Washington administration from October 1781 until June 1783. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 66 in Clermont, New York.
1638~ Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (b. Oct. 9, 1581), French mathematician. He died at age 56.
1625 ~ Princess Anna of Sweden (b. May 17, 1568), member of the Swedish royal family. Although she was born Catholic, she converted to Lutheranism, thus making her ineligible to marry into Europe’s Catholic royals. She never married and had no children. She was of the House of Vasa. She was the daughter and youngest child of John III, King of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon. She died at age 56.
1603 ~ Archduchess Maria of Austria (b. June 21, 1528), Holy Roman Empress consort and wife of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527 ~ 1576). They married in 1548. They were the parents of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Infanta Isabella of Portugal. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 74.
1577 ~ Eric XIV, King of Sweden (b. Dec. 13, 1533). He ruled from September 1580 until he was deposed 8 years later in September 1568. After he was deposed, he was imprisoned and believed to have been murdered. He had many relationships before he married his mistress, Karen Månsdotter (1550 ~ 1612). They married in 1568. He was of the House of Vasa. He was the son of Gustav I, King of Sweden and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg. He was Lutheran. He died in prison at age 43.
1548 ~ Lorenzino de’Medici (b. Mar. 23, 1514), Italian nobleman, writer, and politician. He is best known for assassinating his cousin, Alessandro de’Medici. He was of the House of Medici. He was the son of Pierfrancesco II de’Medici and Maria Soderini. He was subsequently murdered about a month before his 34th birthday.
1275 ~ Princess Margaret of England (b. Sept. 29, 1240), Queen consort of Scots and first wife of Alexander III, King of Scotland (1241 ~ 1386). They married in 1251. She was of the House of Plantagenet. She was the second child of Henry III, King of England and Eleanor of Provence. She died at age 34.
1266 ~ Manfred, King of Sicily (b. 1232). He reigned from 1258 until his death in February 1266. He was married twice. His first wife was Beatrice of Savoy (d. 1259). He was her second husband. She had previously been married to Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo. His second wife was Helena Angelina Doukaina (1242 ~ 1271). They married in 1259. He was of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was the illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and his mistress, Bianca Lancia. The exact date of his birth is not known. He was killed in the Battle of Benevento at age 34.
1154 ~ Roger II, King of Sicily (b. Dec. 22, 1095). He reigned from September 1130 until his death 24 years later. He married 3 times; first to Elvira of Castile (1100 ~ 1135). They were the parents of William I, King of Sicily. She died of a serious illness. After her death, he married Sibylla of Burgundy (1126 ~ 1150). She died of complications of childbirth at about age 23 or 24. In 1155, he then married Beatrice of Rethel (d. 1185). They were the parents of Constance, Queen of Sicily. He was of the House of Hauteville. He was the son of Roger I, King of Sicily and Adelaide del Vasto. He was Roman Catholic. He died in Palermo, Sicily at age 58.
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