Birthdays:
1986 ~ Amber Riley (née Amber Patrice Riley), African-American actress and singer, best known for her role as Mercedes on Glee. She was born in Los Angeles, California.
1964 ~ Chris Farley (né Christopher Crosby Farley; d. Dec. 18, 1997), American actor and comedian. He was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He died of a drug overdose at age 33 in Chicago, Illinois.
1954 ~ Matt Groening (né Matthew Abraham Groening), American cartoonist and creator of The Simpsons. He was born in Portland, Oregon.
1951 ~ Jane Seymour (née Joyce Penelope Wilhelmina Frankenberg), British actress. She was born in Hayes, England.
1948 ~ Art Spiegelman (né Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman), American cartoonist and editor. He is best known for his graphic novel Maus, which depicted his father’s experiences as a Polish Jew during the Holocaust. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden.
1947 ~ Marisa Berenson (née Vittoria Marisa Schiaparelli Berenson), American actress and model. Her father was of Lithuanian Jewish descent. She was born in New York, New York.
1935 ~ Roger Chaffee (né Roger Bruce Chaffee; d. Jan. 27, 1967), American astronaut and crewmember of the ill-fated Apollo I, which caught fire during a test of the spacecraft. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He died 18 days before his 32nd birthday at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
1935 ~ Susan Brownmiller, American journalist and feminist writer best known for her book, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1929 ~ James R. Schlesinger (né James Rodney Schlesinger; d. Mar. 27, 2014), American headstrong aide who served three presidents. He served as the 1st United States Secretary of Energy under President Jimmy Carter from August 1977 until August 1979. He served as the 12th United States Secretary of Defense from July 1973 until November 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He also served as the 9th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 85 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1928 ~ Norman Bridwell (né Norman Ray Bridwell; d. Dec. 12, 2014), American illustrator. He is best known for his illustrations in the Clifford the Big Dog series. He was born in Kokomo, Indiana. He died at age 86 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts.
1927 ~ Harvey Korman (né Harvey Herschel Korman; d. May 29, 2008), American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role on The Carol Burnett Show. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 81 in Los Angeles, California.
1925 ~ Angella Ferguson (né Angella Dorothea Ferguson), African-American pediatrician. She is best known for her research in sickle cell disease. She was born in Washington, D.C.
1924 ~ Jerry Yellin (né Jerome Yellin; d. Dec. 21, 2017), American pilot who flew the last combat mission of World War II. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died at age 93 in Orlando, Florida.
1923 ~ Yelena Bonner (d. June 18, 2011), Soviet human rights activist and dissident who never wavered. She was the wife of Andrei Sakharov (1921 ~ 1989). She died at age 88 in Boston, Massachusetts.
1922 ~ John B. Anderson (né John Bayard Anderson; d. Dec. 3, 2017), American politician and one-time presidential candidate. He ran as in Independent in the 1980 presidential election. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. He died at age 95 in Washington, D.C.
1920 ~ Endicott Peabody (d. Dec. 1, 1997), 62nd Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor from January 1963 until January 1965. He was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He died of leukemia in Hollis, New Hampshire at age 77.
1918 ~ Allan Arbus (né Allan Franklin Arbus; d. Apr. 19, 2013), American actor and ex-husband of photographer Diane Arbus (1923 ~ 1971). He was born in New York, New York. He died of congestive heart failure at age 95 in Los Angeles, California.
1914 ~ Hale Boggs (né Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr.; d. Oct. 16, 1972), American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. He served in the United States House of Representatives. He is presumed to have died on October 16, 1972, but he was not officially declared dead until January 1973. He was in a small aircraft that disappeared in rural Alaska. He was born in Long Beach, Mississippi. He was 58 years old at the time of his disappearance. He was the father of journalist and correspondent Cokie Roberts.
1910 ~ Irena Sendler (née Irena Krzyżanowska; d. May 12, 2008), Polish nurse and humanitarian. She led a cell in the Polish Resistance and helped save over 2500 Jewish children during the Holocaust. She is recognized by the State of Israel as a Righteous Among the Gentiles. Her story is depicted in the book, Irena’s Children: The Extraordinary Story of the Woman Who Saved 2,500 Children from the Warsaw Ghetto. She was born and died in Warsaw, Poland. She died at age 98.
1909 ~ Miep Gies (née Hermine Santruschitz; d. Jan. 11, 2010), Dutch secretary who help hide Anne Frank and her family during World War II. Following the War, she discovered and preserved Anne Frank’s diary. She was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. She died about a month before her 101st birthday in Hoorn, North Holland, Netherlands.
1907 ~ Cesar Romero (né Cesar Julio Romero, Jr.; d. Jan. 1, 1994), American actor. He is best known for his role as the Joker on Batman. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 86 in Santa Monica, California.
1899 ~ Lillian Disney (née Lillian Marie Bounds; d. Dec. 16, 1997), wife of Walt Disney. She was born in Spalding, Idaho. She died at age 98 in Los Angeles, California.
1892 ~ James Forrestal (né James Vincent Forrestal; d. May 22, 1949), 1st United States Secretary of Defense. He served under President Harry S Truman from September 1947 until March 1949. He was also the last cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy, a position he held from May 1944 until September 1947. He was born in Matteawan, New York. He died in Bethesda, Maryland at age 57 from a fall, which may have been a suicide.
1874 ~ Sir Ernest Shackleton (né Ernest Henry Shackelton; d. Jan. 5, 1922), Irish Antarctic explorer. He died of a heart attack at age 47.
1873 ~ Hans von Euler-Chelpin (d. Nov. 6, 1964), German-born chemist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigation into fermentation of sugars and enzymes. He died at age 91 in Stockholm, Sweden.
1861 ~ Charles Édouard Guillaume (d. May 13, 1938), Swiss physicist and recipient of the 1920 Nobel Physics Prize. He died at age 77.
1861 ~ Alfred North Whitehead (d. Dec. 30, 1947), English mathematician and philosopher. He was born in Ramsgate, England. He died at age 86 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1851 ~ Spiru Haret (d. Dec. 17, 1912), Romanian-born Armenian mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 61 in Bucharest, Romania.
1850 ~ Sophie Bryant (née Sophie Willock; d. Aug. 29, 1922), Irish mathematician and social activist. She was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died at age 72.
1845 ~ Elihu Root (d. Feb. 7, 1937), 38th United States Secretary of State and recipient of the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. He served as Secretary of State under President Theodore Roosevelt from July 1905 until January 1909. He also served as the 41st United States Secretary of War under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from August 1899 until January 1904. He was born in Clinton, New York. He died 8 days before his 92nd birthday in New York, New York.
1840 ~ Titu Maiorescu (d. June 18, 1917), Prime Minister of Romania. He served as Prime Minister from March 1913 until December 1913. He died at age 77 in Bucharest, Romania.
1825 ~ Carter Harrison, Sr. (né Carter Henry Harrison; d. Oct. 28, 1893), Mayor of Chicago. He served several terms as Mayor. He was assassinated in Chicago, Illinois during his 5th term. He was born in Fayette County, Kentucky. He was 68 years old at the time of his death.
1820 ~ Susan B. Anthony (née Susan Brownell Anthony; d. Mar. 13, 1906), American woman’s suffrage activist. She was born in Adams, Massachusetts. She died about a month after her 86th birthday in Rochester, New York.
1812 ~ Charles Lewis Tiffany (d. Feb. 18, 1902), American jeweler and designer. He founded Tiffany & Co. He introduced the first retail catalogue in the United States. He was the father of artist Louis Comfort Tiffany who was born on February 18, 1848, 54 years earlier. He was born in Killingly, Connecticut. Charles Lewis Tiffany died 3 days after his 90th birthday in Yonkers, New York.
1811 ~ Domingo F. Sarmiento (né Domingo Faustino Sarmiento; d. Sept. 11, 1888), President of Argentina. He served as President from October 1868 through October 1874. He died at age 77.
1809 ~ Cyrus McCormick (né Cyrus Hall McCormick; d. May 13, 1884), America inventor of harvesting machinery and founder of the International Harvester company. He was born in Shenandoah Valley, Virginia. He died at age 75 in Chicago, Illinois.
1797 ~ Henry E. Steinway (né Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg; d. Feb. 7, 1871), German-born manufacturer of the Steinway & Sons pianos. He died 8 days before his 74th birthday in New York, New York.
1748 ~ Jeremy Bentham (d. June 6, 1832), English philosopher, jurist and social reformer. He was born and died in London, England. He died at age 84.
1710 ~ Louis XV, King of France (d. May 10, 1774). He reigned from September 1715 until his death 59 years later. He was known as Louis the Beloved. He succeeded his great-grandfather, Louis XIV, King of France. He was married to Marie Leszczyńska (1703 ~ 1768). They married in 1725. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and Marie Adélaïde of Savoy. He was 64 years old at the time of his death.
1564 ~ Galileo Galilei (né Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei; d. Jan. 8, 1642), Italian astronomer, scientist, and philosopher. He is considered the Father of Modern Science. He was born in Pisa, Italy. He died at age 77.
1472 ~ Piero di Lorenzo de’Medici (d. Dec. 28, 1503), Lord of Florence from April 1492 until his exile in 1494. He was also known as Piero the Unfortunate. He was married to Alfornsina Orsini (1472 ~ 1520). He was of the Noble family of Medici. He was the son of Lorenzo de’Medici and Clarice Orsini. He was born in Florence, Republic of Florence. He drowned at age 31 in the Garigliano River in the Kingdom of Naples while attempting to flee in the aftermath of the Battle of Garigliano.
1458 ~ Ivan, Grand Prince of Russia (d. Mar. 6, 1490), member of the Russian royal family. He was known as Ivan the Younger. He was the heir to the Russian throne. In 1483, he married Elena Stefanovna (1465 ~ 1505), also known as Elena of Moldavia. He was of the House of Rurik. He was the eldest son of Ivan III, Tsar of Russia and Maria of Tver. He died of gout about 2 weeks after his 32nd birthday.
1368 ~ Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Dec. 9, 1437). He ruled as Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437. He was married twice. His first wife was Mary, Queen of Hungary (1371 ~ 1395). She died from a fall from a horse while pregnant. His second wife was Barbara of Celje (1392 ~ 1451). He was known as Sigismund of Luxembourg. He was of the House of Luxembourg. He was the son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 69.
1377 ~ Ladislaus, King of Naples (d. Aug. 6, 1414). He was King of Naples from February 1386 until his death in 1414. He was married three times. His first wife was Costanza Chiaramonte (1377 ~ 1423). They married in 1390. The marriage was annulled after 2 years of marriage. His second wife was Mary of Lusignan (1381 ~ 1404). They married in 1402. After her death, he married is his third wife, Mary of Enghien (d. 1446). He was of the House of Anjou-Durazzo. He was the son of Charles III, King of Naples and Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1446). He was born and died in Naples, Kingdom of Naples. He died at age 37 of an illness, possibly a poisoning.
Events that Changed the World:
2022 ~ The families of the Sandy Hook mass shooting reached a settlement with the gunmaker, Remington, for $73M.
2021 ~ President’s Day observed in the United States.
2013 ~ A meteor exploded over Russia. Over 1,500 people were injured as shock waves blew out windows and rocked buildings.
2001 ~ The first draft of the complete human genome was published in Nature.
1965 ~ Canada adopted the new red-and-white maple leaf design for its national flag.
1961 ~ Sabena Flight 548 crashed in Belgium, killing 73 people, including the entire United States figure skating team.
1949 ~ Gerald Harding (1901 ~ 1979) and Roland de Vaux (1903 ~ 1971) began to excavate Cave 1 of the Qumran Caves. In their excavations, they discovered the first seven Dead Sea Scrolls.
1946 ~ ENIAC, the first electronic general-purpose computer, was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania.
1933 ~ An assassination attempt was made on President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) while he was visiting Miami, Florida. Giuseppe Zangara (1900 ~ 1933) missed Roosevelt; but hit Chicago Mayor Anton J. Cermak (1873 ~ 1933), who died of his wounds on March 6, 1933. Zangara would be convicted of murder and executed on March 20, 1933.
1925 ~ A potential diphtheria epidemic was spreading through Nome, Alaska. The supply of diphtheria antitoxin had expired in the summer of 1924 and the new supply had not yet reached Nome. The Alaska board of health decided to send the antitoxin to Nome using a dog sled relay instead of aircraft due to weather conditions. The sled team set out on January 27 and arrived in Nome on February 15. Although the serum was not sufficient for the entire population, it was sufficient to hold the epidemic at bay. This became known as the 1925 Serum Run to Nome, or the Great Race of Mercy. It was also the event that led to the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
1923 ~ Greece became the last European country to adopt the Gregorian calendar.
1898 ~ The USS Maine exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba. Over 260 Americans were killed, which lead the United States to declare war on Spain, thereby initiating the Spanish-American War.
1879 ~ President Rutherford B. Hayes (1822 ~ 1893) signed a law allowing women attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.
1764 ~ The city of St. Louis, in what is now the State of Missouri, was established.
Good-Byes:
2023 ~ Raquel Welch (née Jo Raquel Tejada; d. Sept. 5, 1940), American sultry actress who became a pinup. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died at age 82 in Los Angeles, California.
2023 ~ Paul Berg (b. June 30, 1926), American Nobel biochemist who tinkered with DNA. In 1980, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in nucleic acids, especially recombinant DNA. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died in Stanford, California at age 96.
2022 ~ P.J. O’Rourke (né Patrick Jake O’Rourke; b. Nov. 14., 1947), American journalist, author, and political satirist. He was a conservative humorist who skewered all sides. He was also a frequent panelist on Wait, Wait … Don’t Tell Me! He was born in Toledo, Ohio. He died of lung cancer at age 74 in Sharon, New Hampshire.
2021 ~ Derek Khan (b. Aug. 21, 1957), Trinidadian “ghetto fabulous” stylist who in the 1990s stripped hip-hop and R&B stars of their street wear and dressed them in haute couture. He was born in Arima, Trinidad. He died of Covid-19 at age 63 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
2021 ~ Fernando Hidalgo (né Fernando Corona; b. Sept. 18, 1942), Cuban-born TV host who for 14 years hosted El Show de Fernando Hidalgo, a racy variety show filled with scantily clad dancers, interviews and double entendres. He was born in Marianao, Cuba. He died of Covid-19 at age 78 in Miami, Florida.
2021 ~ Johnny Pacheco (né Juan Azarías Pacheco Knipping; b. Mar. 25, 1935), Dominican godfather of salsa who got the world dancing to a Latin beat. He was born in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. He died at age 85 of complications of pneumonia in Teaneck, New Jersey.
2019 ~ Lee Radziwiłł (née Caroline Lee Bouvier; b. Mar. 3, 1933), American socialite who lived in Camelot’s shadow. She was the younger sister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Her second husband was Prince Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł, thus making her Princess Caroline Radziwiłł. She was born and died in Manhattan, New York. She died 16 days before her 86th birthday.
2015 ~ Arnaud de Borchgrave (né Arnaud Charles Paul Marie Philippe de Borchgrave; b. Oct. 26, 1926), Belgium-born, swashbuckling reporter who lived the high life. He specialized in reporting on international politics. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He died at age 88 in Washington, D.C.
2014 ~ Thelma Estrin (née Thelma Austern; b. Feb. 21, 1924), American computer scientist and engineer. She was born in New York, New York. She died 6 days before her 90th birthday in Santa Monica, California.
2010 ~ Major General Jeanne M. Holm (née Jeanne Marjorie Holm; b. June 23, 1921), American military officer. She was the first one-star general of the United States Air Force. She was born in Portland, Oregon. She died of pneumonia at age 88 in Annapolis, Maryland.
2002 ~ Howard K. Smith (né Howard Kingsbury Smith; b. May 12, 1914), American television journalist. He was born in Ferriday, Louisiana. He died of pneumonia at age 87.
1999 ~ Henry Way Kendall (b. Dec. 9, 1926), American physicist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 72 in a diving accident in a cave in Florida.
1999 ~ Carl Ally (né Carl Joseph Ally; b. Mar. 31, 1924), American advertising executive. He died at age 78 in Rowayton, Connecticut.
1998 ~ Martha Gellhorn (née Martha Ellis Gellhorn; b. Nov. 8, 1908), American journalist. She is considered one of the greatest war correspondents of the 20th Century. She covered nearly every major conflict throughout the world during her 60-year career. She was also the 3rd wife of writer Ernest Hemingway. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She died at age 89 in London, England.
1988 ~ Richard Feynman (né Richard Phillips Feynman; d. May 11, 1918), American theoretical physicist and recipient of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is best known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of Quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium. He was born in New York, New York. He died of cancer at age 69 in Los Angeles, California.
1984 ~ Ethel Merman (née Ethel Agnes Zimmerman; b. Jan. 16, 1908), American actress and singer. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died of brain cancer a month after her 76th birthday.
1978 ~ Ilka Chase (b. Apr. 8, 1905), American actress. She was born in New York, New York. She died at age 72 in Mexico City, Mexico.
1973 ~ Wally Cox (né Wallace Maynard Cox, b. Dec. 6, 1924), American actor. He was the voice of Underdog on the cartoon of the same name. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died at age 48 of a heart attack in Hollywood, California.
1965 ~ Nat King Cole (né Nathaniel Adams Coles; b. Mar. 17, 1919), African-American singer and musician. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He died of lung cancer a month before his 46th birthday in Santa Monica, California.
1964 ~ Robert L. Thornton, Sr. (né Robert Lee Thornton, b. Aug. 10, 1880), Mayor of Dallas, Texas. He served as Mayor for four terms, from 1953 to 1961. He was born in Hico, Texas. He died at age 83 in Dallas, Texas.
1959 ~ Sir Owen Richardson (né Owen Willams Richardson; b. Apr. 26, 1879), English physicist and recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on thermionic emission. He died at age 79.
1940 ~ Otto Toeplitz (b. Aug. 1, 1881), German mathematician best known for his work in functional analysis. He emigrated to what is now Israel in 1938. He was born in Breslau, Silesia. He died of tuberculosis at age 58 in Jerusalem.
1933 ~ Pat Sullivan (né Patrick Peter Sullivan; b. Feb. 22, 1887), Australian animator and co-creator of the cartoon Felix the Cat. He was born in Paddington, New South Wales, Austria. He died 7 days before his 48th birthday in New York, New York.
1932 ~ Minnie Maddern Fiske (née Marie Augusta Davey; b. Dec. 19, 1865), American actress. She was one of the leading American stage actresses in the late 19th and early 20th century. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She died of congestive heart failure at age 66 in Queens, New York.
1928 ~ H.H. Asquith, 1st Earle of Oxford and Asquith (né Herbert Henry Asquith, b. Sept. 12, 1852), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as Prime Minister from April 1908 through December 1916, during the reigns of King Edward VII and King George V. He died at age 75.
1918 ~ Vernon Castle (né William Vernon Blythe; b. May 2, 1887), British-born dancer. He and his wife, Irene Castle (1893 ~ 1969), revitalized the popularity of modern dancing. He was a pilot with the Royal Air Force. He was born in Norwich, England. He was killed in a plane crash during a test flight near Fort Worth, Texas. He was 30 years old.
1905 ~ Lew Wallace (né Lewis Wallace; b. Apr. 10, 1827), American lawyer, General in the American Civil War, and novelist, who’s best known book was Ben-Hur. He was born in Brookville, Indiana. He died at age 77 in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
1904 ~ Mark Hanna (né Marcus Alonzo Hanna; b. Sept. 24, 1837), United States Senator from Ohio. He served in Congress from March 1897 until his death in 1904. He was born in New Lisbon Ohio. He died of complications from typhoid fever at age 66 in Washington, D.C.
1897 ~ Dimitrie Ghica (b. May 31, 1816), Prime Minister of Romania. He died at age 80.
1849 ~ Pierre François Verhulst (b. Oct. 28, 1804), Belgian mathematician. He focused his work on number theory. He died at age 44.
1847 ~ Germinal Pierre Dandelin (b. Apr. 12, 1794), French-born Belgian mathematician. He died at age 52.
1844 ~ Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (b. May 30, 1757), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was in Office from March 1801 until May 1804 during the reign of King George III. He died at age 86.
1637 ~ Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. July 9, 1578). He reigned from August 1619 until his death in 1637. He was married twice. His first wife was Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574 ~ 1616). They married in 1600. They were the parents of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor. His second wife was Eleanor Gonzaga (1598 ~ 1655). He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 58.
1152 ~ Conrad III, King of Germany (b. 1093). He reigned from 1138 until his death 14 years later. He was married twice. His first wife was Gertrude of Comburg (1130s). His second wife was Gertrude of Sulzbach (1110 ~ 1146). He was of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was the son of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia and Agnes. He was Roman Catholic. The exact date of his birth is not known.
1145 ~ Pope Lucius II (né Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso). He was Pope from March 1144 until his death on this date 11 months later. The date of his birth is not known.
1043 ~ Gisela of Swabia (b. Nov. 11, 990), Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire through her third husband, Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1039). She had previously been married to Brun I, Count of Bruswick. Her second husband was Ernest I, Duke of Swabia (d. 1015). She was of the House of Conradines. She was the daughter Herman II, Duke of Swabia and Gerberga of Burgundy. The date of her birth is in question but is sometimes considered to have been sometimes during 990. She died at about age 52 or 53.
670 ~ Oswig, King of Northumbria (b. 612). He was King from 642 until his death 28 years later. He was Christian. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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