Birthdays:
1968 ~ Thom Yorke (né Thomas Edward Yorke), English musician and frontman for the band Radiohead.
1955 ~ Yo-Yo Ma, American cellist. He was born in Paris, France.
1952 ~ Vladimir Putin, 4th President of the Russian Federation. He assumed the Office of President in 2012. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia.
1946 ~ Anita Shreve (née Anita Hale Shreve; d. Mar. 29, 2018), American novelist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died of cancer in Newfields, New Hampshire at age 71.
1943 ~ Oliver North (né Oliver Laurence North), American former military officer and central figure in the Iran-Contra affair. He was convicted in the Iran-Contra affair, but his convictions were overturned and all charges against him were dismissed in 1991. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.
1942 ~ Joy Behar (née Josephine Victoria Occhiuto), American comedian and talk show host. She was born in New York, New York.
1939 ~ Sir Harry Kroto (né Harold Walter Krotoschiner; d. Apr. 30, 2016), British chemist and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 76.
1939 ~ Clive James (né Vivian Leopold James; d. Nov. 24, 2019), Australian author, literary critic, broadcaster and memoirist. He is best known for his autobiographical series, Unreliable Memoirs. He was born in Kogarah, Australia. He died in Cambridge, England at age 80.
1935 ~ Thomas Keneally (né Thomas Michael Keneally), Australian novelist. He is best known for his book, Schindler’s Ark, which was made in the movie, Schindler’s List. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
1934 ~ Amiri Baraka (né Everett LeRoi Jones; d. Jan. 9, 2014), African-American poet who preached revolution. He was born and died in Newark, New Jersey. He died at age 79.
1931 ~ Desmond Tutu (né Desmond Mpilo Tutu; d. Dec. 26, 2021), South African exuberant Archbishop of Cape Town. He was the recipient of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for using his pulpit and soaring oratory to help topple the South African system of apartheid, and who became a leading champion of peaceful reconciliation under Black majority rule. He was born in Klerksdorp, South Africa. He died in Cape Town, South Africa at age 90.
1927 ~ Al Martino (né Alfred Cini; d. Oct. 13, 2009), American chart-topping crooner who sang in The Godfather. He was born in Philadelphia. He died 6 days after his 82nd birthday in Springfield, Pennsylvania.
1919 ~ Henriette Avram (née Henriette Regina Davidson; d. Apr. 22, 2006), American computer scientist. She is best known for developing the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging). She was born in New York, New York. She died at age 86 in Miami, Florida.
1917 ~ June Allyson (née Eleanor Geisman; d. July 8, 2006), American actress, best known for her role as Timmy’s mother in Lassie. She was born in The Bronx, New York. She died of respiratory failure at age 88 in Ojai, California.
1916 ~ Walt Rostow (né Walt Whitman Rostow; d. Feb. 13, 2003), 7th United States National Security Advisor. He served under President Lyndon B. Johnson from April 1966 until January 1969. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 86 in Austin, Texas.
1912 ~ Fernando Belaúnde Terry (d. June 4, 2002), President of Peru. He served two non-consecutive terms, first from July 1963 until October 1968, and second from July 1980 until July 1985. He was born and died in Lima, Peru. He died at age 89.
1907 ~ Helen MacInnes (née Helen Clark MacInnes; d. Sept. 20, 1985), Scottish-American librarian and author of espionage novels. She died about 3 weeks before her 78th birthday. She was born in Glasgow, Scotland. She died in New York, New York.
1900 ~ Heinrich Himmler (né Heinrich Luitpold Himmler; d. May 23, 1945), German Nazi commander and head of the SS. He committed suicide while in Allied custody. He was 44 years old.
1897 ~ Elijah Muhammad (né Elijah Robert Poole; d. Feb. 25, 1975), American religious leader of the Nation of Islam. He was born in Sandersville, Georgia. He died at age 77 in Chicago, Illinois.
1888 ~ Henry A. Wallace (né Henry Agard Wallace; d. Nov. 18, 1965), 33rd Vice President of the United States. He served as President Franklin D. Roosevelt second Vice President from January 20, 1941 until January 20, 1945. He had previously served as the 11th United States Secretary of Agriculture from March 4, 1933 until September 4, 1940 during the Roosevelt administration. After serving as Vice President, he became the 10th United States Secretary of Commerce, under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. Prior to entering politics, he was a farmer and agronomist. He was born in Orient, Iowa. He died at age 77 in Danbury, Connecticut.
1885 ~ Niels Bohr (né Niels Henrik David Bohr; d. Nov. 18, 1962), Danish physicist and recipient of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics. In the 1930s, he aided refugees from Nazism. He was born and died in Copenhagen, Denmark. He died at age 77.
1879 ~ Joe Hill (né Joel Emmanuel Hägglund, d. Nov. 19, 1915), Swedish-born American labor activist. He was executed in Salt Lake City, Utah by firing squad on murder charges at age 36.
1769 ~ Solomon Sibley (d. Apr. 4, 1846), 1st Mayor of Detroit, Michigan. He served as Mayor in 1806. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts. He died at age 76 in Detroit, Michigan.
1748 ~ Charles XIII, King of Sweden (d. Feb. 5, 1818). He ruled over Sweden from June 1809 until his death in February 1818. In 1774, he married Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, known as Queen Charlotte (1759 ~ 1818). He was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. He was the son of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. He died at age 69.
1589 ~ Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (d. Nov. 1, 1631), Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany and wife of Cosimo II de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1590 ~ 1621). They married in 1608. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. She died 25 days after her 42nd birthday.
1471 ~ Frederick I, King of Denmark (d. Apr. 10, 1533). He was King from 1523 until his death 10 years later. He was married twice. His first wife was Anna of Brandenburg (1487 ~ 1514). They were the parents of Christian III, King of Denmark. His second wife was Sophie of Pomerania (1498 ~ May 13, 1568). They had six children together. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Christian I, King of Denmark and Dorothea of Brandenburg. He died at age 61.
1409 ~ Elizabeth of Luxembourg (d. Dec. 19, 1442), Queen consort of Hungary, Germany and Bohemia. She was the wife of Albert II, Duke of Germany (1397 ~ 1439). They married in 1421. She was of the House of Luxembourg. She was the daughter of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and Barbara of Cilli. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 33.
Events that Changed the World:
2016 ~ Hurricane Matthew struck in Florida. The storm killed over 800 people. The storm formed on September 28 and dissipated on October 9, 2016.
2003 ~ Arnold Schwarzenegger (b. 1947) was elected Governor of California. He took office in November 2003 and served until January 2011.
2001 ~ The United States began its invasion of Afghanistan with an air assault.
1998 ~ Matthew Shepard (1976 ~ 1998), a gay student at the University of Wyoming, was found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten. He would die 5 days later from his injuries.
1996 ~ The Fox News Channel began broadcasting.
1993 ~ The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993 ended 103 days after it began, when the Mississippi River began to fall below the flood level.
1985 ~ The cruise ship, MS Achille Lauro, was hijacked by the Palestine Liberation Organization in the Mediterranean Sea. The hijackers killed Leon Klinghoffer (1916 ~ 1985), an American Jew; then threw his body overboard. Composer John Adams (b. 1947) later made this event into an opera entitled The Death of Klinghoffer. It premiered in Brussels in 1991. The opera has antisemitic overtones.
1960 ~ Presidential candidates, John Kennedy (1917 ~ 1963) and Richard Nixon (1913 ~ 1994), debated their Cold War foreign policies.
1958 ~ The United States manned space-flight project became known as Project Mercury.
1950 ~ Mother Teresa (1910 ~ 1997) build an order called the Missionary of Charity.
1949 ~ The communist German Democratic Republic, also known as East Germany, was formed.
1944 ~ During an uprising at the Birkenau concentration camp, Jewish prisoners burned down a crematorium.
1933 ~ Air France was created through the merger of five French airlines.
1919 ~ KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, was founded. It remains the oldest airline still in operation under its original name.
1913 ~ The Ford Motor Company began the use of the assembly line in the manufacture of its automobiles.
1868 ~ Although founded on April 27, 1865, Cornell University was inaugurated on this date with the initial student enrollment at 412. All the students in the class were male.
1840 ~ William II (1792 ~ 1849) became King of the Netherlands upon the abdication of his father, William I.
1691 ~ The Province of Massachusetts Bay was issued a charter.
1582 ~ Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day was skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Mario J. Molina (né Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez; b. Mar. 19, 1943), Mexican chemist and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in elucidating the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer. He was born and died in Mexico City, Mexico. He died at age 77.
2020 ~ Tom Kennedy (né James Edward Narz; b. Feb. 26, 1927), American game show host. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He died at age 93 in Oxnard, California.
2009 ~ Irving Penn (b. June 16, 1917), American fashion photographer who created art. He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He died at age 92 in Manhattan, New York.
2008 ~ George Palade (né George Emil Palade; b. Nov. 19, 1912), Romanian cell biologist and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 95 in Del Mar, California.
2005 ~ Charles Rocket (né Charles Adams Claverie; b. Aug. 24, 1949), American actor. He was born in Bangor, Maine. He died at age 56 in Cangerbury, Connecticut. His death was ruled a suicide.
1995 ~ Olga Taussky-Todd (b. Aug. 30, 1906), Austrian-born mathematician. She died at age 89 in Pasadena, California.
1994 ~ Niels Kaj Jerne (b. Dec. 23, 1911), English-born Dutch immunologist and recipient of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in London, England. He died at age 82.
1993 ~ Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (b. Oct. 17, 1906), Russian mathematician. He died 10 days before his 87thbirthday in Moscow, Russia.
1993 ~ Agnes de Mille (née Agnes George de Mille; b. Sept. 18, 1905), American choreographer. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died 19 days after her 88th birthday.
1992 ~ Allan Bloom (né Allan David Bloom; b. Sept. 14, 1930), American philosopher and scholar. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died 3 weeks after his 62nd birthday in Chicago, Illinois.
1991 ~ Leo Durocher (né Leo Ernest Durocher; b. July 27, 1905), American baseball player and manager. He was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts. He died at age 86 in Palm Springs, California.
1967 ~ Sir Ralph Norman Angell (b. Dec. 26, 1872), British politician and recipient of the 1933 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 94.
1956 ~ Clarence Birdseye (né Clarence Frank Birdseye, II; b. Dec. 9, 1886), American businessman who perfected the modern technique of freezing foods. He later founded the Birds Eye Company. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 69 in Manhattan, New York.
1950 ~ Willis Carrier (né Willis Haviland Carrier; d. Nov. 26, 1876), American engineer and inventor of air conditioning. He was born in Angola, New York. He died at age 73 in New York, New York.
1931 ~ Daniel French (né Daniel Chester French; b. Apr. 20, 1850), American sculptor and designer of the Lincoln statue in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. He was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. He died in Stockbridge, Massachusetts at age 81.
1925 ~ Christy Mathewson (né Christopher Mathewson; b. Aug. 12, 1880), American baseball player. In 1936, he was elected as one of the first members into the Baseball Hall of Fame. He was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania. He died of tuberculosis at age 45 in Saranac Lake, New York.
1904 ~ Isabella Lucy Bird (b. Oct. 15, 1831), English explorer, writer and natural historian. She died a week before her 73rd birthday in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1903 ~ Rudolf Lipschitz (b. May 14, 1832), German mathematician. He died at age 71.
1894 ~ Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (b. Aug. 29, 1809), American physician and author. He was the father of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and died in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 85.
1857 ~ Louis McLane (b. May 28, 1786), 12th United States Secretary of State. He served in this position during the Andrew Jackson administration from May 1833 until June 1834. He previously served as the 10th United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Andrew Jackson administration. He was born in Smyrna, Delaware. He died at age 71 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1849 ~ Edgar Allan Poe (b. Jan. 19, 1809), American writer and poet. His short story, The Murder in the Rue Morgue, is considered the first modern detective story. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 40 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1796 ~ Thomas Reid (b. May 7, 1710), Scottish mathematician and philosopher. He died at age 86 in Glasgow, Scotland.
1792 ~ George Mason (b. Dec. 11, 1725), American statesman. He was a delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 and is known as being one of 3 men who refused to sign the Constitution. He died at age 66.
1637 ~ Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. May 8, 1587). He ruled as the Duke of Savoy from 1630 until his death 7 years later. In 1619, he married Princess Christine Marie of France (1606 ~ 1663). He was of the House of Savoy. He was the son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Princess Catherine Micaela of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 50.
1571 ~ Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. July 9, 1511), Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. She was the wife of Christian III, King of Denmark and Norway (1503 ~ 1559). They married in 1525. They were the parents of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway. She was of the House of Ascania. She was the daughter of Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg and Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. She was Lutheran. She died at age 60.
988 ~ Qian Chu (b. Sept. 29, 926), last Chinese king of the Wuyue. He surrendered his kingdom to the Song Dynasty. He died 8 days after his 59th birthday.
951 ~ Shi Zong (b. Jan. 29, 919), Chinese Emperor of the Liao dynasty. He ruled from May 947 until his death in October 951. He died at age 32.
929 ~ King Charles III, King of West Francia (b. Sept. 17, 879). He ruled over West Francia from 898 until 922. He was known as Charles the Simple. He was married twice. His first wife was Frederuna (887 ~ 917). They married in 907. She died 10 years later at about age 29 or 30. After her death, he married Eadgifu of Wessex. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the son of Louis the Stammerer and Adelaide of Paris. He died 20 days weeks after his 50thbirthday.
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