Birthdays:
1981~ Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (née Rachel Meghan Markle), American-born actress. Upon her marriage to Prince Henry on May 19, 2018, she became the Duchess of Sussex.
1965~ Dennis Lehane, American author. He was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts.
1965~ Fredrik Reinfeldt (né John Frederik Reinfeldt), Prime Minister of Sweden. He held that Office from October 2006 until October 2014.
1962~ Roger Clemens (né William Roger Clemens), American baseball player.
1961~ Barack Obama (né Barack Hussein Obama, II), the first African American to be elected to the Office of United States President. He was the 44th President of the United States and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize. He assumed the Office of President in January 2009 and served until January 2017.
1955~ Alberto R. Gonzales, 80th United States Attorney General. He served under President George W. Bush from February 2005 until September 2007.
1955~ Billy Bob Thornton (né William Robert Thornton), American actor. Angelina Jolie was his 5th wife.
1944~ Richard Belzer (né Richard Jay Belzer), American actor and comedian. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
1934~ Dallas Green (né George Dallas Green; d. Mar. 22, 2017), American outspoken baseball coach who took the Philadelphia Phillies to the World Series in 1980. He died of kidney disease at age 82.
1928~ Gerard Damiano (né Geraldo Rocco Damiano; d. Oct. 25, 2008), American hard-core film director who made Deep Throat. He died at age 80.
1924~ Melvyn Kaufman (d. Mar. 18, 2012), American “oddball” whose buildings shaped New York City. He died at age 87.
1920~ Helen Thomas (née Helen Amelia Thomas; d. July 20, 2013), American feisty journalist who broke barriers at the White House. She was a White House correspondent for many years. Her career took a downspin after she made anti-Semitic remarks when she was 89 years old. She died only 2 weeks before her 93rd birthday.
1917~ John Fitch (néJohn Cooper Fitch; d. Oct. 31, 2012), American racing legend who loved speed and safety. He invented the safety barriers found on interstate exit ramps. He died at age 95.
1915~ Warren Avis (né Warren Edward Avis; d. Apr. 24, 2007), American businessman and founder of Avis Rent-a-Car. He died at age 91.
1912~ Raoul Wallenberg (d. 1947), Swedish diplomat. He is known for saving thousand of Jews during the Holocaust. He was detained by the Soviets during the Siege of Budapest and disappeared. He was declared to be presumed dead on July 17, 1947. He would have been 34 years old.
1912~ Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (d. July 27, 1999), Russian mathematician. He died a week before his 87th birthday.
1909~ Saunders Mac Lane (d. Apr. 14, 2005), American mathematician. He was the co-founder of category theory. He died at age 95.
1901~ Louis Armstrong (né Louis Daniel Armstrong; d. July 6, 1971), American jazz trumpeter and singer. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died of a heart attack a month before his 70th birthday
1900~ Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (née Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, d. Mar. 30, 2002), Scottish Queen Consort of King George VI, and mother of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. She was known as the Queen Mother. She died at age 101.
1859~ Knut Hamsun (d. Feb. 19, 1952), Norwegian writer and recipient of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 92.
1834~ John Venn (d. Apr. 4, 1923), English mathematician. He is best known for introducing the Venn diagram into the field of mathematics. He died at age 88.
1821~ Louis Vuitton (d. Feb. 27, 1892), French designer of leather goods, especially trunks and bags. He is the founder of the House of Louis Vuitton. He died at age 70.
1817~ Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (né Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen; d. May 20, 1885), 25thUnited States Secretary of State. He served in that office from December 1881 until March 1885, during the administrations of President Chester Arthur and Grover Cleveland. He died at age 67.
1805~ Sir William Hamilton (néWilliam Rowan Hamilton; d. Sept. 2, 1865), Irish mathematician. He died of a severe gout attack about a month after his 60th birthday.
1792~ Percy Bysshe Shelley (d. July 8, 1822), English poet. He drowned about a month before his 30th birthday.
1521~ Pope Urban VII (né Giovanni Battista Castagna; d. Sept. 27, 1590). He was Pope for only 12 days, from September 15 through September 27, 1590. His papacy was the shortest in Catholic history. He died at age 69.
1470~ Lucrezia de’Medici (d. Nov. 15, 1553), Italian noblewoman. The exact date of her death is not known, but it is believed she died sometime between November 10 and 15, 1553. She was 83 years old.
1463~ Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’Medici (d. May 20, 1503), Italian banker and politician. He died at age 39.
1282~ Külüg Khan (d. Jan. 27, 1311), Chinese Emperor of Yuan. He died at age 29.
Events that Changed the World:
1977~ President Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) signed legislation creating the United States Department of Energy. James Schlesinger (1929 ~ 2014) was the first Secretary of Energy. He served from August 6, 1977 through August 23, 1979.
1964~ The bodies of Civil Rights workers, Michael Schwerner (1939 ~ 1964), Andrew Goodman (1943 ~ 1964), and James Chaney (1943 ~ 1964), were found in Mississippi. They had been missing since June 21.
1958~ The Billboard Hot 100 list was first published. The first Number One hit was Ricky Nelson’s Poor Little Fool.
1946~ An 8.0 magnitude earthquake hit Dominican Republic killing 100 people and leaving 20,000 people homeless.
1944~ Anne Frank (1929 ~ 1945) and her family were discovered hiding by the Gestapo.
1914~ Germany invaded Belgium causing Belgium and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany during World War I. The United States, at this point in time, remained neutral.
1892~ The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden (1860 ~ 1927) were discovered murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home. Lizzie Borden would be tried and acquitted a year later.
1821~ The Saturday Evening Post was began publication as a weekly newspaper. The magazine was redesigned in 2013 and is currently published 6 times a year.
1783~ The volcanic Mount Asama in Japan erupted killing about 1,400 people. The eruption ultimate caused a famine resulting in the deaths of nearly 20,000 people.
1693~ The traditional date ascribed to Dom Perignon’s discovery of the process of making champagne.
Good-Byes:
2014~ James Brady (né James Scott Brady, b. Aug. 29, 1940), 14th White House Press Secretary. He served under President Ronald Reagan. He was the Reagan staffer who championed gun control. He was seriously injured when he was shot in the head during an assassination attempt on President Reagan in 1981 and spent the last 33 years in a wheelchair. Following his injury, he became a gun control advocate. He died at age 73, 25 days before his 74th birthday.
2013~ Art “The Bulldog” Donovan (né Arthur James Donovan, Jr., b. June 5, 1924), Hall of Fame tackle for the Baltimore Colts. He died at age 89.
2004~ Mary Sherman Morgan (née Mary Sherman; b. Nov. 4, 1921), American rocket fuel scientist. She is credited with inventing the liquid fuel Hydyne. She died at age 82.
2003~ Frederick Chapman Robbins (b. Aug. 25, 1916), American virologist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with the polio virus. He died 3 weeks before his 87th birthday.
1997~ Jeanne Calment (b. Feb. 21, 1875), French super-centenarian. She holds the record for the world’s substantiated longest-lived person. In 1965, Andre-François Raffray entered into a property deal with Calment to acquire her apartment upon her death. Raffray, then 47 years old, agreed to pay her rent until her death. She was at the time rather elderly and Raffray believed she would die soon. Instead, he died in 1995 at age 77. She went on to live two more years. She died at age 122 years and 164 days.
1977~ Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (né Edgar Douglas Adrian; b. Nov. 30, 1889), British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the function of neurons. He died at age 87.
1948~ Mileva Marić (b. Dec. 29, 1875), Serbian mathematician. She was a student of Albert Einstein and his first wife. They married in 1903, but divorced 16 years later. She died at age 72.
1940~ Ze’ev Jabotinsky (né Vladimir Yevgingevich Zhabotinsky, b. Oct. 17, 1880), Jewish-Zionist political activist and general. He died of a heart attack at age 59.
1931~ Daniel Williams (né Daniel Hale Williams; b. Jan. 18, 1856), African-American surgeon. In 1893, he is reported to have performed the first successful pericardium heart surgery to repair a wound. The patient survived and lived an additional 20 years. Williams died at age 75.
1900~ Jacob Dolson Cox (b. Oct. 27, 1828), 10th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant. He served in that Office from March 1869 thorough October 1870. He had previously served as the 28th Governor of Ohio, from January 1866 until January 1868. He died while on summer vacation in Gloucester, Massachusetts at age 71.
1900~ Étienne Lenoir (né Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir; b. Jan. 12, 1822), Belgium engineer and designer of the internal combustion engine. He died at age 78.
1886~ Samuel J. Tilden (né Samuel Jones Tilden; b. Feb. 9, 1814), Governor of New York State. He was Governor from January 1875 until December 1876. He died at age 72.
1875~ Hans Christian Andersen (b. Apr. 2, 1805), Danish writer of children’s stories and fairy tales. He died at age 70.
1792~ General John Burgoyne (b. Feb. 24, 1722), British General who fought in the American Revolutionary War. He died at age 70.
1778~ Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (b. Nov. 22, 1698), Canadian-American politician and 10th Governor of French Louisiana, from 1743 until 1753. He died at age 79.
1578~ Sebastian of Portugal (b. Jan. 20, 1554), King of Portugal and the Algarves. He reigned from June 1557 until his death in 1578. He died in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir at age 24.
1306~ King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland (b. Oct. 6, 1289). He was assassinated at age 16. His murder remains unsolved.
1060~ King Henry I of France (b. May 4, 1008). He died at age 52.
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