Birthdays:
1973~ Dave Chappelle (né David Khari Webber Chappelle), American stand-up comedian and actor.
1965~ Marlee Matlin (née Marlee Beth Matlin), American actress.
1962~ Craig Kilborn, American actor and talk show host. He was the first host of The Daily Show.
1961~ Jared Harris (né Jared Francis Harris), English actor. He is the son of actor Richard Harris.
1958~ Steve Guttenberg (né Steven Robert Guttenberg), American actor.
1957~ Stephen Fry (né Stephen John Fry), British comedian and actor.
1955~ Mike Huckabee (né Michael Dale Huckabee), American politician and 44th governor of Arkansas.
1951~ Oscar Hijuelos (né Oscar James Hijuelos; d. Oct. 12, 2013), Cuban-American novelist who examined assimilation. He is best known for his novel The Mambo Kings. He died at age 62 of a heart attack.
1949~ Charles Rocket (né Charles Adams Claverie; d. Oct. 7, 2005), American actor. He was born in Bangor, Maine. His death at age 56 was ruled a suicide.
1948~ Alexander McCall Smith, Rhodesian author.
1947~ Paulo Coelho, Brazilian author.
1944~ Gregory Jarvis (né Gregory Bruce Jarvis, d. Jan. 28, 1986), American astronaut who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. He was 41 years old.
1936~ A.S. Byatt (née Antonia Susan Drabble aka Dame Antonia Susan Duffy), English novelist.
1933~ Prince Rupert Loewenstein (d. May 20, 2014), Bavarian aristocrat and merchant banker who made the Rolling Stonesrich. He died of complications from Parkinson’s disease at age 80.
1929~ Yasser Arafat (d. Nov. 11, 2004), Leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. He was also the recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 75.
1927~ Harry Markowitz (né Harry Max Markowitz), American economist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science.
1922~ Howard Zinn (d. Jan. 27, 2010), American historian who championed the masses. He was a political science professor at Boston University and it was his book, A People’s History, that made him famous.
1904~ Ida Cook (d. Dec. 22, 1986), British romantic novelist. She wrote under the pen name of Mary Burchell. She is also known as being an advocate for Jewish refugees during World War II. She and her sister, Mary Louise Cook (1901 ~ 1991) were honored as the Righteous Among the Nations in Israel. She died at age 82.
1899~ Albert Claude (d. May 22, 1983), Belgian biologist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 83.
1899~ Jorge Luis Borges (d. June 14, 1986), Argentine writer. He was 86 years old.
1895~ Cardinal Richard Cushing (né Richard James Cushing; d. Nov. 2, 1970), Cardinal and archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts. He was born and died in Boston. He died at age 75.
1890~ Duke Kahanamoku (d. Jan. 22, 1968), Native Hawaiian American competition swimmer and surfer. He is credited with being the father of surfing. He was known as the Big Kahuna. He died at age 77.
1890~ Jean Rhys (née Ella Gwendolyn Rees Williams; d. May 14, 1979), English novelist best known for her novel, Wide Sargasso Sea. She died at age 88.
1865~ Ferdinand I of Romania (d. July 20, 1927). He was King of Romania from October 1914 until his death on this date 13 years later. He died in Sinaia, Romania about a month before his 62nd birthday.
1772~ King William I of the Netherlands (d. Dec. 12, 1840). He died at age 71.
1556~ Sophia Brahe (d. 1643), sister of the Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe. She was a horticulturalist and student of chemistry and medicine in her own right. The exact date of her death is not known, but she is believed to have been about 83 or 84 at the time of her death.
1198~ King Alexander II of Scotland (d. July 6, 1249). He was King from December 1214 until his death in 1249. He died at age 50.
1113~ Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (d. Sept. 7, 1151). He died suddenly just 14 days after his 38th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2016~ A 6.2 magnitude struck in northern Italy.
2014~ The South Napa earthquake, a 6.0 magnitude earthquake, struck northern California.
2006~ The International Astronomical Union redefined the term “planet” and Pluto was demoted to the status of a Dwarf Planet.
2004~ Two airplanes flying out of Domodedovo International Airport near Moscow exploded, killing 89 passengers. The explosions were caused by female suicide bombers from the Russian Republic of Chechnya.
1992~ Hurricane Andrew made landfall just south of Miami, Florida. It was a category 5 storm. It would strike Louisiana a few days later.
1991~ Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931) resigned as head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1991~ The Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
1989~ Baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938 ~ 1989) banned Pete Rose (b. 1941) from baseball for gambling. Giamatti died at age 51, just 8 days after banishing Pete Rose from baseball.
1949~ The treaty that created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization went into effect.
1932~ Amelia Earhart (1897 ~ 1937) became the first woman to fly non-stop across the United States. She flew from Los Angeles, California to Newark, New Jersey.
1929~ Arabs attacked the Jewish community of Hebron killing nearly 70 people. The remaining Jews in the community were forced to flee the city.
1912~ Alaska became a United States territory. The territory would not become a state until 1959.
1909~ Workers began pouring concrete for the Panama Canal.
1891~ Thomas Edison (1847 ~ 1931) patented his motion picture camera.
1814~ British forces invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol and White House.
1662~ The Act of Uniformity required England to accept the Book of Common Prayer.
1561~ Willem of Orange (1533 ~ 1584) married Duchess Anna of Saxony (1544 ~ 1577).
1456~ The Gutenberg Bible was printed.
1391~ Massacre of the Jews in Palma de Mallorca. Over 300 Jews were killed. When Queen Violant (1365 ~ 1431) was informed of the incident, she ordered the perpetrators pay a fine and tried to protect the Jews. A year later, King John I (1350 ~ 1396) overruled the Queen’s order and granted full amnesty to the Christians who had practiced violence against the Jews on the grounds that they were protecting the Crown. He further declared that all debts of Christians to the Jews were null and void.
1349~ An epidemic of the bubonic plague in Mainz, Germany was blamed on the Jews, resulting in the mass murder of six thousand Jews.
1215~ Pope Innocent III (d. 1216) declared the Magna Carta to be invalid because he saw the document as an affront to the Church’s authority over the King. The Pope released King John from his oath to obey the Magna Carta.
1200~ King John of England (1166 ~ 1216) married Isabella of Angoulême (d. 1246). In 1215, King John would sign the Magna Carta.
79~ Traditional date that Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted, burying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in volcanic ash. Some scholars believe that the volcanic eruption actually occurred on October 24.
Good-Byes:
2018~ Andre Blay (b. July 27, 1937), American businessman and VHS innovator who brought movies home. He died at age 81.
2017~ Jay Thomas (né Jon Thomas Terrell; b. July 12, 1948), American actor best known for his role as Eddie LaBec on Cheers and as Jerry Gold on Murphy Brown. He died of throat cancer at age 69.
2014~ Sir Richard Attenborough, Baron Attenborough (né Richard Samuel Attenborough; b. Aug. 29, 1923), British actor and film director. He was the Gandhi director who championed against injustice. He died 4 days before his 91st birthday.
2013~ Muriel Siebert (née Muriel Faye Seibert; b. Sept. 12, 1928), financier who became the first woman to buy a seat on the New York Stock Exchange, thus shattering the glass ceiling. She died at age 84, just 3 weeks before her 85th birthday.
2013~ Julie Harris (née Julia Ann Harris; b. Dec. 2, 1925), Tony Award-winning theater and film actress who ruled Broadway for decades. She died of congestive heart failure at age 87.
2010~ William B. Saxbe (né William Bart Saxbe; b. June 24, 1916), 70th United States Attorney General. He served from January 1974 until February 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He died at age 94.
2004~ Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (née Elisabeth Kübler; b. July 8, 1926), Swiss-born psychiatrist who specialized in the study of death and dying. She died at age 78.
1998~ E.G. Marshall (né Everett Eugene Grunz; b. June 18, 1914), American actor. He died at age 84.
1983~ Scott Nearing (b. Aug. 6, 1883), American writer and educator who lived in Maine. He was an advocate for simple living. He died 18 days after his 100th birthday.
1978~ Louis Prima (né Louis Leo Prima; b. Dec. 7, 1910), American musician and bandleader. He was known as the King of Swing. He was born and died in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died at age 67.
1968~ Dolly Stark (né Albert D. Stark; b. Nov. 4, 1897), American baseball player and umpire. He was the first Jewish umpire in major league baseball. He died of a heart attack at age 70.
1967~ Henry J. Kaiser (né Henry John Kaiser; b. May 9, 1882), American industrialist who became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. He died at age 85.
1946~ James McReynolds (né James Clark McReynolds; b. Feb. 3, 1862), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Woodrow Wilson. He replaced Horace Lurton on the Court and was succeeded by James Byrnes. He was known for his anti-Semitism, racism and misogyny, which led to conflicts with his fellow Justices, especially Louis Brandeis, Benjamin Cardozo and Felix Frankfurter, who were Jewish. He served on the High Court from August 1914 until January 1941. He was one of the conservative justices who often voted to strike down New Deal Programs. He had previously served as the 48th United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson. He died at age 84.
1943~ Simone Weil (née Simone Adolohine Weil; b. Feb. 3, 1909), French philosopher. Her brother was the mathematician Andre Weil. She died at age 34 of cardiac failure.
1932~ Kate M. Gordon (b. July 14, 1861), American women’s rights activist. She was born and died in New Orleans, Louisiana. She died at age 71 of a cerebral hemorrhage.
1923~ Kate Douglas Wiggin (née Kate Douglas Smith; b. Sept. 28, 1856), American author. She is best known for her children’s novel, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. She died of pneumonia at age 66.
1888~ Rudolf Clausius (né Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius; b. Jan. 2, 1822), German physicist and mathematician. He is considered one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics. He died at age 66.
1844~ Aaron Chorin (b. Aug. 3, 1766), Hungarian rabbi and author. He was a pioneer of religious reform. He died 21 days after his 78th birthday.
1804~ Peggy Shippen (née Margaret Shippen, b. July 11, 1760), American wife of Benedict Arnold. She was also an American Revolutionary War spy. She died of cancer at age 44.
1617~ St. Rose of Lima (née Isabel Flores de Oliva; b. Apr. 20, 1586), Peruvian saint. She died at age 31.
1595~ Thomas Digges (b. 1546), British mathematician. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
1507~ Cecily of York (b. Mar. 21, 1469), English princess and daughter of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She died at age 38.
1313~ Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1275). The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been about 38 at the time of his death.
1103~ Magnus Olafsson III of Norway (b. 1073). He was also known as Magnus Barefoot. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have died at age 29 or 30.
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